• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dictamni Radicis Cortex

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The Effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex on the iNOS Expression and Proinflammatory Cytokines Production (백선피의 iNOS발현과 염증성사이토카인의 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jeong-Suk;Shin, Tae-Yong;Kim, Dae-Keun;Lee, Jae-Hyeok
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.348-353
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    • 2011
  • The aim of the present study is to investigate the cytokine production inhibitory effect of a Dictamni Radicis Cortex (DRC). DRC has been commonly used as important medicinal herb in China and it used to control eczema, atopic dermatitis, fever and inflammatory diseases. Inflammation, such as a bacterial infection in vivo metabolites, such as external stimuli or internal stimuli to the defense mechanisms of the biological tissue a variety of intracellular regulatory factors deulin inflammatory TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, such as proinflammatory cytokines, prostagrandin, lysosomal enzyme, free radicals are involved in a variety of mediators. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the DRC on proinflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTS assay. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory effect of DRC, amount of NO was measured using the NO detection kit and the iNOS expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. As a result, the DRC reduced NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 production without cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the DRC may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing inflammatory mediator productions.

Antifungal Effects of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba against Candida albicans (Candida albicans에 대한 계지(桂枝), 백두옹(白頭翁), 백선피(白鮮皮), 백작약(白芍藥), 빈낭, 인진(茵蔯)의 항진균효과)

  • Choi, In-Ho;Kim, Yeon-Hee;Lee, Dong-Nyung;Kim, Hyung-Jun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.690-695
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this thesis is to dedicate to get the objectivity of herbal medicine treatments by choosing herbs likely to work as antifungal agents against Candida albicans which is the causes of Candida vaginitis, making experiments on them and getting the significant results. Each herb's efficacy on control the number of Candida vaginitis is noticed by using Disk Susceptibility test with six herbs medicine and Broth dilution assay of the culture. Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts experimented on the efficiency of antifungal activities against Candida albicans by disk susceptibility test. Pulsatillae Radix has the strongest efficiency. In Dictamni Radicis Cortex never appeared antifungal effect on treatment. MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) in vitro antifungal agents of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts against Candida albicans was determined by broth dilution assay. MIC against Candida albicans is that Pulsatillae Radix is 2.5 mg/ml and Cinamon Ramulus is 5 mg/ml and Paeoniae Radix is 10 mg/ml and Artemisiae Capillaries Herba is 40 mg/ml.

The Effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex Extracts on DNCB Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions of NC/Nga Mouse (백선피(白鮮皮) 추출물이 DNCB로 유발된 NC/Nga 생쥐의 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Youn Shil;Han, Jae Kyung;Kim, Yun Hee
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.1-29
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    • 2014
  • Objectives Dictamni Radicis Cortex extracts (DRC) has been known to suppress allergic reaction, however the cellular target of DRC and its mode of action remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex extracts on DNCB induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions of NC/Nga mouse. Methods This study was designed to investigate the effects of DRC extract in the DNP-IgE-induced activation of MC/9 murine mast cell lines in vitro and in the DNCB-induced activation of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. For this investigation, We examined IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$ and GM-CSF mRNA expression by Real-time PCR, IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production by ELISA analysis and manifestations of NFAT1, NFAT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting in vitro. Then, we examined WBC, eosinophil and neutrophil in NC/Nga mouse, IL-5, IL-13 in serum, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4 in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, the absolute cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $^+Gr-1^+CD11b$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, PBMCs and dorsal skin, IL-5, IL-13 in the dorsal skin by Real-time PCR and the distribution of mast cells by H&E and toluidine blue. Results In vitro the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-${\alpha}$, GM-CSF and IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production by ELISA analysis were completely abolished by DRC and the western blot analysis decreased the expression of mast cell-specific transcription factors including NFAT-1, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65. In vivo DRC oral adminstration also decreased the counts of WBC, eosinophils and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-13 and IgE in the serum. DRC oral adminstration elevated IL-4 level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant. DRC oral adminstration decreased total ALN cells, total skin cells, cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $^+Gr-1^+CD11b$ in the PBMCs and $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ in the dorsal skin. The mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, thickness of epidermis, inflammation immune cells and mast cells were abolished by DRC in the dorsal skin. Conclusions Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mouse were much improved by DRC oral adminstration. These results, therefore, suggest that DRC can regulate molecular mediators and immune cells that are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mouse, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

Protective effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex water extract on acute pancreatitis (백선피(白鮮皮) 물 추출물의 급성 췌장염 보호 효과)

  • Kim, Dong-Uk;Bae, Gi-Sang;Choi, Ji-Won;Kim, Dong-Gu;Kim, Myoung-Jin;Song, Ho-Joon;Park, Sung-Joo
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2019
  • Objectives : Dictamni Radicis Cortex (DRC) has been used as an important traditional medicine for inflammation and fungal diseases. However, the protective effect of DRC water extract on acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been deeply reported. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of DRC water extract on cerulein-induced AP. Methods : AP was induced via intraperitoneal injection of supramaximal concentrations of stable cholecystokinin analogue cerulein ($50{\mu}g/kg$) every hour for 6 times. DRC water extract (0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 g/kg) or saline was administrated intraperitoneally 1 h before to the first injection of cerulein. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after the final cerulein injection. Pancreas was rapidly removed for histochemical examination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to examine mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. Results : Administration of DRC water extract significantly inhibited the pancreatic weight to body weight ratio, pancreas histological damages and increase of pancreatic MPO activity during cerulein-induced AP. In addition, increased pancreatic mRNA levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 but not $TNF-{\alpha}$ were significantly inhibited by treatment of DRC water extract against cerulein-induced AP. Conclusions : In conclusion, we have revealed that pre-treatment of DRC water extract reduces the severity of cerulein-induced AP. Accordingly, our results could give a clinical basis that DRC could be used as a drug or agent to prevent AP.

Antibiotic Effect of Heat-Clearing Medicinals on Vaginal Microorganisms (청열약(淸熱藥)의 질내(膣內) 미생물(微生物)에 대(對) 항균효과(抗菌效果))

  • Cho, Jung-Hoon;Jang, Jun-Bock;Lee, Kyung-Sub;Kim, Kyung-Jik
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.175-190
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of heat-clearing medicinal on common bacterias in gynecology. Methods : The heat-clearing medicinals ( Trichosanthis Radix, Sophorae Fructus, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Buddleiae Flos, Bambusae Folium, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Celosiae Semen, Gardeniae Fructus, Prunellae Spica, Sophorae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Coptidis Rhizoma, Gentianae Scabrae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex) were used in this study. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginal pathogenic microorganisms. Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli HB101, Lactobacillus gasseri were used for normal vaginal florae. We evaluated antibiotic effect by the optical density and the colony test. Results : The optical density and colony test showed that Celosiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex of herbs among heat-clearing medicinal had antimircobial effect. Celosiae Semen and Prunellae Spica had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in MRSA. Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Gardnerella vaginalis. Conclusion : According to the above results, we could suggest that Celosiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex among heat-clearing medicinal be available to antimicrobial agent of vaginal pathogenic microbial species in vitro.

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Effects of Mix-1 on Anti-CD40 Antibody and Recombinant IL4- Induced Cytokine Production and Immunoglobulin E in Highly Purified Mouse B Cells

  • Kim Jung Hwan;Choi Sun Mi;Lee Yong Gu;Namgoong Uk;Kim Dong Hee
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.1869-1880
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    • 2004
  • In the oriental medicine, a mixture of herbs has been commonly used as important components to control allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we prepared a mixture of Dictamni Radicis Cortex(Baiksunpee), Houttuyniae Herba(Uhsungcho), and Aurantii Immaturus Fructus(Jisil) to examine its anti-allergic effects in activated mouse splenic cells and found that Mix-1 is involved in regulating levels of B cell activating factors (CD23 and CD11a), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and 1gE as well as HRF expression. It was observed that Mix-1 did not have cytotoxic effects on mLFC. Mix-1 showed inhibition of CD23 and CD11 alpaha expression in mouse B cells, and also decreased the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and 1gE. Both RT-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated that IL-6 and TNF alpha production were regulated at the gene expression level. In contrast, IL-10 mRNA and protein levels were increased in activated B cells by Mix-1 treatment. We also found that Mix-1 inhibited B cell proliferation and inhibited histamine releasing factor(HRF) expression, suggesting its inhibitory effect on histamine secretion. These data indicated that Mix-1 has an anti-allergic effect in activated macrophages and further suggest the possible application of Mix-1 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergy-related diseases.

Effects of Herbal Complex, YJ-1, on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Model (NC/Nga 마우스에서 생약 복합 조성물 YJ-1의 아토피성 피부염 치료 효능)

  • Lee, Geum-Seon;Lee, Ki-Man;Shim, Hong;Kim, Jin-Hong;Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Kang, Tae-Jin
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.2
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to determine if YJ-1, a novel herbal complex from a mixture of six oriental herbs (Hydnocarpi Semen, Sesami Semen, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Momordicae Semen, Xanthii Fructus, and Sophorae Radix), has therapeutic properties for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Using AD like symptom-induced NC/Nga mice by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), the effectiveness of YJ-1 on AD was evaluated. Elidel cream$^{(R)}$ (1% pimecrolimus) was used as a control. Dermal application of YJ-1 reduced major clinical signs of AD such as erythema, pruritus, lichenification, edema/escoriations, and dryness. Interestingly, YJ-1 more improved AD-related symptoms including decrease of spleen weight, IL-4, and IgE level in the serum as well as reduction of scratching counts and clinical skin severity in the NC/Nga AD mouse model. Especially, treatment of YJ-1 at 20% in NC/Nga mice more effected than Elidel cream. These results suggest that the ointment of YJ-1 may enhance the process of AD healing by alleviating allergic reaction and has potential for therapeutic reagent for the treatment of AD.

The Anti-allergic Effects of Dictamni Radicis Cortex(白鮮皮) on the PMA plus A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 Cells (PBL-2H3 세포에서 백선피의 항알레르기 효과)

  • Kang, Ho-Gun;Lyu, Ji-Hyo;Lyu, Sun-Ae;Kang, Kyung-Hwa;Yoon, Hwa-Jung;Kim, Young-Hee;Kim, Gi-Young;Lee, Seung-Yeon;Ko, Woo-Shin
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.20 no.1 s.32
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    • pp.201-208
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    • 2007
  • RBL-2H3 cell line을 이용하여 백선피의 항알레르기 효과를 알아보기 위하여 PMA와 A23187로 자극한 후 RBL-2H3 내의 과립에 Histamine와 같이 존재하는 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 유출량의 억제 정도 및 합성된 후 분비되는 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4의 합성조절 정도를 살펴본 결과, 백선피는 세포생존율에는 영향을 미치지 않고 백선피의 농도가 증가함에 따라 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 세포 위로의 유출을 억제하였으며, 또한 알레르기 반응과 밀접한 관련이 있는 사이토 카인 중에 하나인 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4의 mRNA 수준에서의 발현의 조절을 통한 합성도 감소하였다. 이 결과로 보아 백선피는 알레르기와 관련된 질환에 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

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Review of Clinical Studies of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum (전염성 연속종의 한약 치료에 대한 임상 연구 동향 - 2000년대 이후 발표된 임상 연구 논문을 중심으로 -)

  • Doh, Tae Yun;Park, Sul Gi;Lee, Sun Haeng;Lee, Jin Yong
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2019
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine in molluscum contagiosum in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for molluscum contagiosum in Korea. Methods We searched the clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) by key words '傳染性軟?', '治療', '中?治療', '中藥' from January 2001 to August 2018. We analyzed the literature in regards to the treatment methods and results. Results Among the 103 searched studies, 9 randomized controlled trials, 2 controlled clinical trials, and 16 case studies were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of herbal medicine on molluscum contagiosum was significantly high. The most commonly used herbs for oral administration were Isatidis Radix (板藍根), Coicis Semen (薏苡仁), Cyperi Rhizoma (香附子), Equiseti Herba (木賊), Poria (茯?), Lithospermi Radix (紫草), Isatidis Folium (大靑葉) and Lonicerae Flos (金銀花). The most commonly used herbs for external applications were Isatidis Radix (板藍根), Lonicerae Flos (金銀花), Cyperi Rhizoma (香附子), Equiseti Herba (木賊), Dictamni Radicis Cortex (白鮮皮), Isatidis Folium (大靑葉) and Brucea javanica (鴉膽子). Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies from China, the use of Korean medicine for treatment of molluscum contagiosum has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms. Based on the result of this study, it will be possible to widen the scope of Korean medicine on infectious disease, such as molluscum contagiosum. Additional clinical studies and experimental studies need to be performed to solidify these findings.

A Literature Study of Dermatosurgical Diseases in the ImJeungJiNamUiAn (臨證指南醫案에 나타난 피부외과 질환에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • Cho, Jae-Hun;Chae, Byung-Yoon;Kim, Yoon-Bum
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.271-288
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    • 2002
  • Authors investigated the pathogenesis and treatment of dennatosurgical diseases in the ImJeungJiNamUiAn(臨證指南醫案). 1. The symptoms and diseases of dermatosurgery were as follows; 1) BanSaJinRa(반사진라) : eczema, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, hives, dermographism, angioedema, cholinergic urticaria, urticaria pigmentosa, acne, milium, syringoma, keratosis pilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, hypersensitivity vasculitis, drug eruption, polymorphic light eruption, rheumatic fever, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(Still's disease), acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis(Sweet's syndrome), Paget's disease, folliculitis, viral exanthems, molluscum contagiosum, tinea, tinea versicolor, lymphoma, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, granuloma annulare, cherry angioma 2) ChangYang(瘡瘍) : acute stage eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, stasis ulcer, intertrigo, xerosis, psoriasis, lichen planus, ichthyosis, pityriasis rosea, rosacea, acne, keratosis pilaris, dyshidrosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, herpes gestationis, bullae in diabetics, pemphigus, lupus erythematosus, fixed drug eruption, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, scarlet fever, folliculitis, impetigo, pyoderma gangrenosum, tinea, candidiasis, scabies, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chicken pox, Kawasaki syndrome, lipoma, goiter, thyroid nodule, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, benign breast disorder, breast carcinoma, hepatic abscess, appendicitis, hemorrhoid 3) Yeok(疫) : scarlet fever, chicken pox, measles, rubella, exanthem subitum, erythema infectiosum, Epstein-Barr virus infection, cytomegalovirus infection, hand-foot-mouth disease, Kawasaki disease 4) Han(汗) : hyperhidrosis 2. The pathogenesis and treatment of dermatosurgery were as follows; 1) When the pathogenesis of BalSa(발사), BalJin(發疹), BalLa(발라) and HangJong(項腫) are wind-warm(風溫), exogenous cold with endogenous heat(外寒內熱), wind-damp(風濕), the treatment of evaporation(解表) with Menthae Herba(薄荷), Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹) Mori Cortex(桑白皮), Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus(貝母), Armeniaoae Amarum Semen(杏仁), Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Cinnamomi Ramulus(桂枝), Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(薑黃), etc can be applied. 2) When the pathogenesis of BuYang(부양), ChangI(瘡痍) and ChangJilGaeSeon(瘡疾疥癬) are wind-heat(風熱), blood fever with wind transformation(血熱風動), wind-damp(風濕), the treatment of wind-dispelling(疏風) with Arctii Fructus(牛蒡子), Schizonepetae Herba(荊芥), Ledebouriellae Radix(防風), Dictamni Radicis Cortex(白鮮皮), Bombyx Batrytioatus(白??), etc can be applied. 3) When the pathogenesis of SaHuHaeSu(사후해수), SaJin(사진), BalJin(發疹), EunJin(은진) and BuYang(부양) are wind-heat(風熱), exogenous cold with endogenous heat(外寒內熱), exogenous warm pathogen with endogenous damp-heat(溫邪外感 濕熱內蘊), warm pathogen's penetration(溫邪內陷), insidious heat's penetration of pericardium(伏熱入包絡), the treatment of Ki-cooling(淸氣) with TongSeongHwan(通聖丸), Praeparatum(豆?), Phyllostachys Folium(竹葉), Mori Cortex(桑白皮), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), etc can be applied. 4) When the pathogenesis of JeokBan(적반), BalLa(발라), GuChang(久瘡), GyeolHaek(結核), DamHaek(痰核), Yeong(?), YuJu(流注), Breast Diseases(乳房疾患) and DoHan(盜汗) are stagnancy's injury of Ki and blood(鬱傷氣血), gallbladder fire with stomach damp(膽火胃濕), deficiency of Yin in stomach with Kwolum's check (胃陰虛 厥陰乘), heat's penetration of blood collaterals with disharmony of liver and stomach(熱入血絡 肝胃不和), insidious pathogen in Kwolum(邪伏厥陰), the treatment of mediation(和解) with Prunellae Spica(夏枯草), Chrysanthemi Flos(菊花), Mori Folium (桑葉), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Gardeniae Fructus(梔子), Cyperi Rhizoma(香附子), Toosendan Fructus(川?子), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Paeoniae Radix Rubra(赤芍藥), Unoariae Ramulus Et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Cinnamorni Ramulus(桂枝), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Polygoni Multiflori Radix (何首烏), Cannabis Fructus (胡麻子), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen(酸棗仁), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), Poria(백복령). etc can be applied. 5) When the pathogenesis of BanJin(반진), BalLa(발라), ChangI(瘡痍), NamgChang(膿瘡). ChangJilGaeSeon(瘡疾疥癬), ChangYang(瘡瘍), SeoYang(署瘍), NongYang(膿瘍) and GweYang(潰瘍) are wind-damp(風濕), summer heat-damp(暑濕), damp-warm(濕溫), downward flow of damp-heat(濕熱下垂), damp-heat with phlegm transformation(濕熱化痰), gallbladder fire with stomach damp(膽火胃濕), overdose of cold herbs(寒凉之樂 過服), the treatment of damp-resolving(化濕) with Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏), armeniacae Amarum Semen(杏仁), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Poria(백복령), Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Talcum(滑石), Glauberitum(寒水石), Dioscoreae Tokoro Rhizoma(??), Alismatis Rhizoma(澤瀉), Phellodendri Cortex(黃柏), Phaseoli Radiati Semen(?豆皮), Bombycis Excrementum(?沙), Bombyx Batryticatus(白??), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix(防己), etc can be applied. 6) When the pathogenesis of ChangPo(瘡泡), hepatic abscess(肝癰) and appendicitis(腸癰) are food poisoning(食物中毒), Ki obstruction & blood stasis in the interior(기비혈어재과), damp-heat stagnation with six Bu organs suspension(濕熱結聚 六腑不通), the treatment of purgation(通下) with DaeHwangMokDanPiTang(大黃牧丹皮湯), Manitis Squama(穿山甲), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Curcumae Longae Rhizoma(薑黃), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), etc can be applied. 7) When the pathogenesis of JeokBan(적반), BanJin(반진), EunJin(은진). BuYang(부양), ChangI(瘡痍), ChangPo(瘡泡), GuChang(久瘡), NongYang(膿瘍), GweYang(潰瘍), Jeong(정), Jeol(癤), YeokRyeo(疫?) and YeokRyeolpDan(疫?入?) are wind-heat stagnation(風熱久未解), blood fever in Yangmyong(陽明血熱), blood fever with transformation(血熱風動), heat's penetration of blood collaterals(熱入血絡). fever in blood(血分有熱), insidious heat in triple energizer(三焦伏熱), pathogen's penetration of pericardium(心包受邪), deficiency of Yong(營虛), epidemic pathogen(感受穢濁), the treatment of Yong & blood-cooling(淸營凉血) with SeoGakJiHwangTang(犀角地黃湯), Scrophulariae Radix(玄參), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(丹參), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Polygoni Multiflori Radix(何首烏), Cannabis Fructus(胡麻子), Biotae Semen(柏子仁), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Phaseoli Semen(赤豆皮), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), SaJin(사진), YangDok(瘍毒) and YeokRyeoIpDan(역려입단) are insidious heat's penetration of pericardium(伏熱入包絡), damp-warm's penetration of blood collaterals(濕溫入血絡), epidemic pathogen's penetration of pericardium(심포감수역려), the treatment of resuscitation(開竅) with JiBoDan(至寶丹), UHwangHwan(牛黃丸), Forsythiae Fructus(連翹), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Tetrapanacis Medulla(通草), Acori Graminei Rhizoma(石菖蒲), etc can be applied. 9) When the pathogenesis of SaHuSinTong(사후신통), SaHuYeolBuJi(사후열부지), ChangI(瘡痍), YangSon(瘍損) and DoHan(盜汗) are deficiency of Yin in Yangmyong stomach(陽明胃陰虛), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), the treatment of Yin-replenishing(滋陰) with MaekMunDongTang(麥門冬湯), GyeongOkGo(瓊玉膏), Schizandrae Fructus(五味子), Adenophorae Radix(沙參), Lycii Radicis Cortex (地骨皮), Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(玉竹), Dindrobii Herba(石斛), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (女貞子), etc can be applied. 10) When the pathogenesis of RuYang(漏瘍) is endogenous wind in Yang collaterals(陽絡內風), the treatment of endogenous wind-calming(息風) with Mume Fructus(烏梅), Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥), etc be applied. 11) When the pathogenesis of GuChang(久瘡), GweYang(潰瘍), RuYang(漏瘍), ChiChang(痔瘡), JaHan(自汗) and OSimHan(五心汗) are consumption of stomach(胃損), consumption of Ki & blood(氣血耗盡), overexertion of heart vitality(勞傷心神), deficiency of Yong(營虛), deficiency of Wi(衛虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), the treatment of Yang-restoring & exhaustion-arresting(回陽固脫) with RijungTang(理中湯), jinMuTang(眞武湯), SaengMaekSaGunjaTang(生脈四君子湯), Astragali Radix (황기), Ledebouriellae Radix(防風), Cinnamomi Ramulus(桂枝), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Ostreae Concha(牡蠣), Zanthoxyli Fructus(川椒), Cuscutae Semen(兎絲子), etc can be applied.

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