• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

종합건설사업관리 발주의 대형화, 복합화로 사업관리 비용산정을 위하여 보다 정확하고 신속한 기법이 요구되나, 대부분의 경우 사업비 추정을 위한 대가산정을 유사사례를 기준으로 사업관리비 산정을 추정함으로써 사업별 특성을 반영할 수 없으며, 사업관리비 산정에 대한 정확성도 떨어지고 그에 따른 정책 및 예산을 반영하기가 어려운 것이 사실이다. 따라서 종합사업관리의 사업비 추정을 위한 프로젝트 기준모델을 개발하여 프로젝트별 특성을 반영한 인자를 적용하여 사업관리 인력 및 비용 산정을 쉽게 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 종합사업관리용역 비용 산정을 위하여 기획단계에서 실시설계 입찰단계까지의 기본모델 작성에 대한 각 단계별 세부업무 패키지를 분류하고, 각 패키지의 상세 과업내용에 대한 분야별, 등급별 투입인력을 산정하여 보다 상세하고 객관적인 사업관리 비용을 산정하는 방법론에 대하여 연구하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과물은 발주자와 사업관리 용역업자 간의 분쟁을 사전에 예방할 수 있으며, 발주자 입장에서는 투명한 사업관리용역 비용산정이 가능해지고, 용역업자 입장에서는 업무성과에 대한 합리적인 대가를 지급받을 수 있는 근거를 제시할 수 있을 것이라고 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.66-88
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• 1997

There is no special law of Landscape architecture in Korea. So, examining the concept from the legal basis of LA with the viewpoint of a natural scientist not a jurist, this study was conducted to grasp the present condition of the name and the related text of the foreign laws in force which were connected with LA.. And those foreign laws were arranged in the name and the text and classified by nations of regional groups and it was considered to the mutual relation with lots of laws which are scattered with the various laws. Current domestic regulations to the various fields of LA are assembled with the many related rules. The governmental organization conducting those business is nonexistent up to now and it is generally known to except the dept. of LA from the office organization in Korea. Being at a disadvantage as mentioned above, this study was progressed under the necessity of the scientific basis for the expected organic law of LA proposed to establish it by every field of LA. Though feels inconvenience if the study for the items itself of LA had been proceeded prior to the study of laws relating to LA throughout the study, such a extensive study will be a subject to be attempted constantly hereafter by all part of landscape architects. The contents of the study are as follows ; 1. The present condition of the foreign laws connected with LA 1. The proposal & analysis of the problems and the solutions to the domestic laws connected with LA 3. The proposal of the reasonable application pklan in order to establish the organic law for LA. Among the items relating to LA such as engineer, contract, planning, design and supervision, construction, maintenance, plant and planting, open space, facilities, aesthetics and sight, park, land use and development planning, urban and regional planning, leisure space planning, environmental conservation and ecology, structural engineering of construction, administration, right and penal regulations, the laws dealing with the matter relating to LA directly or indirectly are prescribed dispersedly in the many other related laws and it is concluded to be impossible for the independent law of LA is likely to be establish with not only selecting and arranging the matter having closed connections to LA directly but also being recognized as the systematic equipment of the LA business. It was to be analyzed the present condition of the collected foreign laws relating to LA. After pointing out the problems to the domestic related laws being at issue, the remedies for it were presented through the questionnaire of the landscape specialist in which the supporting opinions to the recognition to the problems and the solutions were come to a major portion. Three types of application such as applicable, non-applicable, applicable after examination were presented to decide whether or not the foreign related laws were applied to the domestic one. The result of analysis shows that 42 statutes and 9 ordinances are applicable, 4 statutes and 7 ordinances are non-applicable, 1 constitution, 81 statutes and 48 ordinances are applicable after examination.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2003

Distribution of fish products from Tongyoung Marine ranching can be classified by three routes such as street-stall, live fish transportation vehicles, and wholesale markets neighboring unloading ports. These methods of distribution, however, have been restricted by limited distribution right, difficulties to differentiate fish prices from other surfaces, simple marketing channels. The ratio of cultured live fish circulated in market is increasing while naturally caught live fish is decreasing and the fresh fish shows a little of increasing rate. Consumers purchasing routes mainly depend on the live fish transportation merchants. For fresh fish traditional market plays an important role in trade. Convenience for consumers and quality of products are main factors in making decision of purchases. Bargaining power, however, belongs to the live fish transportation merchants. The demand of special markets for live fish was very strong, and the convenience and quality are relatively important required factors. Catch from Tongyoung Marine ranching has very good reputation as the possibility of being a good brand. Expecting possibility of quality differentiation was higher than price differentiation specially. The possible conclusion of a contract of a supply was suspicious however. Preliminary quality evaluation revealed that the catch is better than the cultured but worse than naturally grown fish. A merchandising is to be in a better position in the formation of prices by giving $\ulcorner$brand image$\lrcorner$ to potential consumers. The target markets are retail stores such as restaurants for raw fish and final consumers. The staple markets are retail stores. Possible items of products are live fish, fresh fish for cook, and fresh fish for raw fish. It is necessary for the catch to be informed as new functional products that have been improved in safety and quality, since the product positioning is similar but not well known to consumers. To secure a brand it is required to register a trademark, eco-label product design or packing, use real name in tranction, introduce recall system, and put label. Price higher than naturally grown live fish should be targeted. Establishing broad distribution channel, wholesale market, franchise are required. To secure enough catch and control shipment of products facilities of containing live fish are necessary. Instead of dealing with live fish only, it would be better to. sell fresh fish and live fish simultaneous. Strategically promotion focuses on advertisement of Marin ranching at first and then focuses on the catch from the marine ranching.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2023

연구목적: 본 연구는 서울시 철도터널 건설공사의 공사계측비 분석 및 개선방안을 도출하여 건설계측의 신뢰향상으로 계측기술 발전에 기여한다. 연구방법:공사계측비의 설계 및 계약 현황, 공사계측비의 적용 현황 및 분석, 안전관리비와 품질관리비 분석, 이를 개선하기 위해 계측관리용역에 대한 대가 산정기준 적용 확대와 발주처에서 직접 발주하는 방안을 제시한다. 연구결과: 그동안 건설공사에 포함하여 발주하던 계측관리용역을 입찰참가자격 사전심사를 통하여 발주처에서 계측업체를 직접 선정하여 계측을 수행하면 계측 품질을 높이고 정확한 계측데이터 확보가 가능하다. 결론:계측관리용역에 대한 대가 산정기준은 시공사에서 하도급으로 수행하게 되는 순공사비 내에 포함하는 방식이 아닌 발주처 직접 발주로 엔지니어링진흥법에 따른 실비정액가산방식과 지반조사 표준품셈의 계측관리비 산출기준의 적용을 확대해야 한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

블록체인은 물류, 핀테크, 의료, 공공 등 다양한 분야에서 연구되고 있다. 공공정보 소프트웨어 사업에서 개발 산출물과 프로젝트 관리 방법론에서 요청하는 산출물이 일치하지 않아 산출물이 누락되는 경우가 발생하고 대금을 지급하기 위해 별도의 프로세스가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이더리움 블록체인을 사용하여 분산 환경을 구성하고 모든 산출물이 승인되었을 경우 자동으로 대금이 지급되게 공공정보 소프트웨어 사업산출물 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 통해 시스템 장애가 발생해도 정상 서비스를 제공하고, 산출물 관리의 투명성과 추적성을 제공하며, 자동화된 대금 지급으로 발주사와 수행사 간 갈등을 줄이고자 한다. 본 시스템에서 산출물의 정보는 블록체인에 저장하고, 산출물은 버전 정보와 이전 산출물 파일의 해시값까지 활용하여 계산된 해시값을 파일명으로 SFTP 서버에 저장한다. 실험을 통해 수행사에서 등록한 산출물의 해시값이 정확한지 확인하고, SFTP 서버에 저장된 산출물의 파일명이 이더리움 블록체인에 등록된 해시값과 같은지 확인하였으며, 모든 산출물이 승인되었을 때 수행사의 이더리움 주소로 대금이 자동 송금되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2021

국내 공공공사에서는 계약금액 조정에 대한 계약당사자 간 이견으로 분쟁발생이 증가하고 있다. 특히 공사기간 연장에 따른 간접비의 실비정산 제도는 행정적인 단계에서 합의되지 못하고, 대부분 사법적인 판단을 구하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 추가 간접비 산출과 관련한 분쟁을 최소화하기 위해, 분쟁 발생전 합의를 도출할 수 있는 '충분히 만족할 만한' 대안을 제안하였다. 이를 위해, 추가 간접비 산출을 위한 요율방식 기반의 3가지의 구체적인 방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 추가 간접비 산출 시 실비산정 방식이 아닌, 순공사비 중 직접노무비 요율로 산출한다. 둘째, 산출된 간접노무비에 일반관리비, 이윤 등 승률비용을 법정 최고한도까지 보상한다. 셋째, 설계변경으로 증감된 간접비를 반영한다. 제안한 3가지 방안에 대한 전문가 의견 수렴 및 실제 사례 적용에 따른 리스크를 분석하였다. 이에 대한 검증을 위해 이해관계자별 합의가능 수준을 조사한 결과, 기업의 규모에 관계없이 수급자와 발주처 모두 동의가능한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 간접비산출 방식은 실제 실무에서 합의 가능한 대안으로써, 계약당사자 간의 합의의 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2021

기성콘크리트 부재를 현장 생산하는 경우 공장생산보다 약 14.5-39.4%의 원가가 절감되는 것으로 이전 연구에서 확인되었다. 특히, PC공장 관계자의 인터뷰를 통해, 실제 공장주는 생산원가의 20% 이상의 이윤을 얻지 못하면 공장관리 간접비를 cover하지 못해 계약을 하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 동등한 조건에서 기성콘크리트 부재를 현장에서 생산한다면 공장생산 대비 동등 이상의 품질이 확보된다. 이 연구들에 따르면 원가와 품질 측면에 유리하므로 기성콘크리트 부재는 현장에서 생산하여야 한다. 그러나 주어진 공기뿐 아니라 현장생산을 위한 여러 가지 제약조건으로 모든 물량을 현장생산하기 어렵다. 그 이유는 현장생산은 프로젝트 관리 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 리스크로 인하여 기피하기 때문이다. 그러나 기성콘크리트 부재의 현장생산 수행 전 리스크 요인을 분석하고 그에 대응한다면 현장생산 기회를 높일 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기성콘크리트 부재의 현장생산 리스크 평가를 위한 체크리스트를 개발한다. 체크리스트를 1개의 사례현장에 적용하여 리스크 요인을 쉽고 빠르게 평가할 수 있다는 것을 검증하였다. 그 결과 건폐율이 높은 현장의 경우 생산 및 야적을 위한 가용면적을 확보하기 어려워 리스크가 큰 현장으로 분류되는 것으로 분석되었다. 개발된 리스크 평가 체크리스트는 현장생산의 리스크요인을 효율적으로 평가하며, 프로젝트 수행 시 수시로 변경되는 리스크요인을 쉽고 빠르게 판단하여 상황에 따라 대처가 가능하다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2019

Purpose - The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of franchisor's (economic and philanthropic) CSR in inspiring franchisee's loyalty for the franchisor. Another aim of this investigation also was to clarify the mediating role of economic and social satisfaction in the relationship between franchisor's CSR and franchisee's loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study explores the structural relationship between franchisor's CSR and franchisee's loyalty and in these relationships, the mediating role of relationship satisfaction. Data were gathered from employees(above manager) in food-service franchisee companies in Seoul, Korea. The questionnaires were distributed to managers of the franchise stores. A total of 251 questionnaires were collected. Data management and analysis were performed using SPSS 21.O and SmartPLS 3.0. Evaluation of measurement model and structural model was carried out using confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis. Result - The results of this study show as follows. First, economic CSR had positive effects on economic satisfaction and social satisfaction. Second, philanthropic CSR had positive effects on social satisfaction. Third, economic satisfaction and social satisfaction had positive effects on franchisee's loyalty to the franchisor. Conclusions - The important implications of this study have as follows. First, this study has found that economic CSR can create a high economic satisfaction and social satisfaction of franchisee. Second, this findings suggest that the philanthropic CSR can improve the social satisfaction of franchisee. Third, this results demonstrate, for the first time, that the economic satisfaction and social satisfaction of franchisees can play a crucial role to improve their loyalty for the franchisor and pursue mutual development by maintaining the stable business relationship with a franchisor. In this investigation there are at least three limitations. First, Because the research sample is limited to the foodservice franchisee in Seoul, it is not possible to be representativeness of the national franchisee. Second, CSR activities are mostly focused on large franchise companies. Therefore, there is a limit to the research approach. Finally, this study examined the effect of economic CSR and philanthropic CSR on the loyalty of franchisors, but in the future study, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between CSR and loyalty of franchise companies by collecting specific quantitative data such as re-contract rate and management performance of franchisees.