• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.868-877
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• 1996

This study was done to analyze research trends and to suggest future perspectives for nursing research on fatigue. The author reviewed 31 Korean and foreign research papers which have been published in the literature since 1970. An analysis of the study focused on the type of research subjects, type of study design. measurement instrument, and its correlated parameters. The results of the study are summarized as follows : First, within all of the studies analayzed, 14 studies were publised in Korea and 17 were published abroad. The number of studies done abroad have been increasing rapidly since 1991. Second, an analysis of the research design of the studies showed, eight studies each, Korean and foreign used survey design. Two Korean studies and seven foreign studies used a correlational design. Four comparative studies were done in Korea, but only two experimetal studies were performed abroad. Therefore, it was found that the trend of the study design used is survey design and there are more correlational studies done abroad than in Korea. Third, the type of the study subjects ; 11 Korean and three foreign studies dealt with healthy people. In addition, three Korean and 14 foreign studies investigated patients with various illnesses. It was found that patients with various illnesses were studied more frequently in foreign studies than in Korean studies. Fourth, the measurement tool used in the Korean studies ; 13 studies used a testible tool to assess patients' subjective symtoms or complaints of fatigue. The most commonly used tool used in 10 studies, was the Fatigue Self-Perception Scale, which was designed by the Labor and Health Institute of Japan. The Visual Analogue Scale was used in two studies, and Piper Fatigue Scale, addtional with physiologic parameters, was used in one study. In the foreign studies, subjective measurement tools were used in 16 studies. A combination of a subjective measurement tool with objective parameters was used in ten studies. For the subjective measurement tool used in the foreign studies, a specific measurement tool developed by the researcher which was used in seven studies. Either Rhoten Fatigue Scale or the Visual Analog Scale were used in three studies. Additionally, in order to identify the relationship between fatigue and psychological factors, The Profile of Mood State was used in three studies. Beck Depression Inventory was used in two studies. The Self Rated Depression Scale, developed by Zung, was used in one study and other measurement tools were used to measure various psychological parameters. Rhoten fatigue Checklist was also used to observe behavior patterns. Lastly, nine studies identified correlations between fatigue and other parameters. A significant correlation was found between fatigue and psychological factors such as depression, and pain. As a result of the above findings, it can be said that research trends on fatigue are increasing internationally. The selected study designs are survey studies both in Korea and abroad. There are more correlational studies abroad than in Korea. In addition, subjective measurement tools and objective parameters are used variously and combined with each other. had, there is a significant correlation between fatigue and psychological factors such as depression, and pain. More survey and correlational studies need to be done to identify the relationship of fatigue in patients with various condition or diagnoses and to suggest a scientific basis for nursing interventions with fatigue. Also, a tool to assess patient's subjective, objective, and behavioral aspects on fatigue needs to be developed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

In order to note some points necessary for developing the cornerstone design course concentrating on conceptual design through that students acknowledge that engineering design is not to make things but to produce knowledge not only meet requirements of clients, users, and stake holders but also to solve problems, this paper describes the contents for the course that covers conceptual design as well as embodiment design, explains some ways and tools both for guiding students and for asking for study of lecture materials, and discuss things to be considered when faculty designs the course.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.241-252
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• 2004

In this time, CAD is most important tool in Product Design Process. Traditional design methods were hardly used in Concurrent Engineering Process. But, CAD tools based on Reverse Engineering method have a lot of serious problem in using designer's works. Especially, in the early stage in design process, adopting CAD tool is impossible, cause of a property of design - intuition. A late studies about CAD system have approaching its quantitative factors in not only software but also hardware. In this paper, I researched about the problems of traditional 3d CAD tools and the new interface approach methods in recent CAD studies. Then, I proposed the guidelines and two alternatives about to developing 3D3T in ubiquitous engineering environment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to share the experience of online education with departments related to the servic industry, such as distribution and logistics, in the New Normal Age of COVID-19 pandemics. The graduation presentation project, which is the capstone design subject and the most urgent subject for face-to-face classes, was selected as the online education subject of this study. The results of this study are as follows : First, several online class tools, such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet, have also been shown to be applicable to capstone design subjects such as graduation presentation projects. Second, it is essential to reorganize the curriculum to enhance students' ability to practice and utilize online contents. Third, continuous education and training are needed to make easy use of the aforementioned online teaching tools. Meanwhile, fourth, further research is needed to solve the learning effects caused by online learning, and difficulties in communication.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.94-100
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• 2012

The needs for enhancing creativity in engineering design education continue to increase. Recent studies about a learning environment and learning support tools provide some new possibilities. The education of creative thinking however must begin from the change of attitude of students to creativity. The experimental results and some lessons for modification of systematic engineering design methodology to creative were reported from the course 'engineering design'.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.880-883
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• 2006

The reduction of tool vibration has been a serious issue for both employers and workers because of the risks of vibration transmitted to the workers. In this study a hand-arm vibration measurement and evaluation system was developed based on ISO 5349:2001 and used for analyzing relation of vibration level and components of tools. This system consists of a notebook PC installed a LabVIEW program and the data acquisition system including two 3-axial accelerometers and a NI-DAQ card. Vibration measurement tests were conducted for eight angle grinders and four impact wrenches where 3 subjects were used for each of the tools. The relation between different components of each tool and its vibration total value made it possible to set-up a guideline of tool design. In the past engineers developed tools by using their experience and intuition, but by using this system it became possible to design tool components so as to minimize the risks of hand-transmitted vibration.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

The research on the FPGA CAD tools in academia has been lacking practicality due to the underlying FPGA fabric architecture which is too simple and inefficient to be applied for commercial FPGAs. Recently, the database of placement positions and routing graphs on commercial FPGA architectures has been built, and provided for enabling the academic development of placement and routing tools. To extend the limit of academic CAD tools even further, we have developed the evaluation toolkit for the K-FPGA architecture which is under development. By providing interface for exchanging data with a commercial FPGA toolkit at every step of mapping, packing, placement and routing in the tool chain, the toolkit enables individual tools to be developed without waiting for the results of the preceding step, and with no dependency on the quality of the results, and compared in detail with commercial tools at any step. Also, the fabric primitive library is developed by extracting the prototype from a reporting file of a commercial FPGA, restructuring it, and modeling the behavior of basic gates. This library can be used as the benchmarking target, and a reference design for new FPGA architectures. Since the architecture is described in a standard HDL which is familiar with hardware designers, and read in the tools rather than hard coded, the tools are "data-driven", and tolerable with the architectural changes due to the design space exploration. The experiments confirm that the developed library is correct, and the functional correctness of applications implemented on the FPGA fabric can be validated by simulation. The placement and routing tools are under development. The completion of the toolkit will enable the development of practical FPGA architectures which, in return, will synergically animate the research on optimization CAD tools.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.101-144
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• 2012

Students mostly precede their learning without any direct support of instructor in e-learning and mobile educational environment. Many useful strategies and tools to facilitate self-regulated learning behaviors in e-learning environment have been introduced, yet, the limit has been reached by only suggesting self-regulated strategies with visual information in the most researches. Accordingly, this research is intent to propose the sound design strategies that facilitate learner's self-regulated learning behaviors in mobile learning environment. To achieve the objective of the research, two research questions are presented. First, what are the sound design strategies that facilitate the self -regulated learning behaviors in mobile learning environment?. Second, what are the results of evaluating the developed sound design strategies in terms of facilitating self-regulated learning behaviors?. To solve these research questions, the literature reviews on characteristics of mobile learning, concepts and features of self-regulated learning and sound were done to establish the sound design strategies. Through formative research method targeting instructional designers, sound design strategies were modified and supplemented. The research to validate these was performed and to verify the effect of the derived sound design strategies, the usability test aimed at instructional designer and learners was conducted. The final sound design strategies through this research process were six general design strategies and the sixteen detailed strategies. This research is meaningful because this offers the basic research on sound information design which has been lacking and help upgrade the upper limit of instructional design which mainly focused on visual information in mobile learning environment that shows information in a small screen.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

Purpose: Of late, the focus of service design is moving toward emphasizing customer satisfaction and taking users' experience more seriously. In addition to the change in perspective in service design, scholars in this area are paying more attention to service design methodology and process, as well as its theory and real-world case studies. In the case of medical space, there have been few studies in attempting to apply service design methods useful for deriving user-focused results. The author of this paper believes, however, case study-oriented approaches are more needed in this area rather than ones focusing on theoretical aspects. The author hopes thereby to expand the horizon to practical application of spatial design beyond service design methodology. Methods: In order to incorporate the strengths of service design methodology that can reflect a variety of user opinions, this study will introduce diverse tools in the framework of double diamond process. In addition, it will present field cases that successfully brought about best results in medical space design. It will end with summarizing the ideal process of medical space design which is reasonable and comprehensive. Results: Medical service encompasses preventive medicine as well as treatment of existing medical conditions. A study in establishing the platform of medical service design consists of a wide range of trend research, followed by the summary of two-matrix design classification based on results of the trend research. The draft of design process is divided into five stages composed of basic tools for establishing spatial flow lines created by matching service design tools with each stage of space design processes. In all this, most important elements to consider are communication and empathy. When service design is actually applied to space design, one can see that output has reflected the users' needs very well. The service design process for user-oriented medical space can thus be established by interactions on the final outcome and feedback on the results. Implications: One can see that the service design with the hospital at its center produces the result that encompasses the user's needs best. If the user-focused service design process for medical space can be extended to other space designs, the author believes that it would enhance the level of satisfaction for users and minimize trials and errors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

An eco-CMF design process is vital to the sustainable development of fashion products concerning both emotional and physical quality factors, thus extending the use phase of the product life cycle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used in other fields to evaluate environmental impact; However, the method is rarely adopted in fashion. While cooperating with design, technology, and the users, reflecting the CMF design process is an excellent approach to the sustainable development of fashion products. Moreover, it is likely to evoke favorable reactions in users toward products. Therefore, this study aimed to review the sustainable design strategies associated with CMF in the fashion industry. Using a systematic review, 135 papers that met the inclusion criteria were examined from peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1990 and 2022. They contained specific design processes or tools relevant to eco-CMF design. The search used the Web of Science database. After a rigorous search, the final six peer-reviewed journal articles were selected and underwent thorough content reviews. Then, the CMF design tools and frameworks for eco-design featured in the articles were carefully reviewed and analyzed. Finally, we proposed practical guidelines for the sustainable development of eco-CMF design in the fashion industry. The study outcomes revealed the need for concrete eco-CMF design processes, particularly for fashion products. Furthermore, more active research involving eco-CMF design processes for the sustainable environmental impact of fashion products is required.