• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.770-787
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze science-gifted students' knowledge-generation processes by analyzing students' inquiry journal. As a result, first, science-gifted students showed various knowledge-generation processes, but they were limited to inductive thinking and abductive thinking, and their thinking processes were very simple. Second, most of the knowledge-generation processes of science gifted were simple, repetitive and diagrammatic processes because of observation and empirical situation of a limited scope. And a simple and repetitive diagram was generated by a simple variable selection and design, observation in limited scope, unbiased intervention by subjective thinking, and absence of exploration or finding errors. And they showed often a logical leap of reasoning.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.309-315
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• 2012

The dissemination of smartphones is being spread and supplementary services using smartphones are increasing and various as the Mobile network and device are developing rapidly, so smartphones that enables to provide a wide range of services is expected to receive the most attention. It makes users listen to music anytime, anywhere in real-time, use useful applications, and access to Internet to search for information. The service environment is changing on PC into Mobile due to the change of the circumstance mentioned above. these services are done by using just location information rather than other context, and users have to search services and use them. It is essential to have Context-aware technology for personalization recommendation services and the appropriate representation and definition of Context information for context-aware. Ontology is possible to represent knowledge freely and knowledge can be extended by inferring. In addition, design of the ontology model is needed according to the purposes of utilization. This paper used context-aware technologies to implement a user personalization recommendation service. It also defined the context through OWL modeling for user personalization recommendation service and used inference rules and inference engine for context reasoning.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.281-300
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• 2017

This study analyzed the difficulties of middle school students in computer simulation of the law of large numbers through eye movement analysis. Some students did not attend to the simulation results and could not make meaningful inferences. It is observed that students keep the existing concept even though they observe the simulation results which are inconsistent with the misconceptions they have. Since probabilistic intuition influence student's thinking very strongly, it is necessary to design a task that allows students to clearly recognize the difference between their erroneous intuitions and simulation results. In addition, we could confirm through eye movements analysis that students could not make meaningful observations and inferences if too much reasoning was needed even though the simulation included a rich context. It is necessary to use visual representations such as graphs to provide immediate feedback to students, to encourage students to attend to the results in a certain intentional way to discover the underlying mathematical structure rather than simply presenting experimental data. Some students focused their attention on the visually salient feature of the experimental results and have made incorrect conclusion. The simulation should be designed so that the patterns of the experimental results that the student must discover are not visually distorted and allow the students to perform a sufficient number of simulations. Based on the results of this study, we suggested that cumulative relative frequency graph showing multiple results at the same time, and the term 'generally tends to get closer' should be used in learning of the law of large numbers. In addition, it was confirmed that eye-tracking method is a useful tool for analyzing interaction in technology-based probabilistic learning.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.7
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• pp.1781-1791
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• 1996

A number of research issues such as knowledge acquisition, inferencing techniques, and knowledge refinement methodologies have been involved in the development of expert systems. Since each issue is considered very com- plicated, there has been little effort to take all the issues into account collectively at once. However, knowledge acquisition and inferencing are closely reated because the knowledge is extracted by human experts from the inferencing process for solving a specific task or problem. Knowledge refinement is also accomplished by hand-ling problems caused during the inferencing process of the system due to incompleteness and inconsistency of the knowledge base. From this perspecitive, we present a method by which software platform is established in which those issues are integrated in the development of expert systems, especially in the domain where the domain models and concepts are hard to be constructed because of inherent fuzziness of the domain. We apply a machine learning technique,technique, conceptual clustering,to build a knowledge base and rual models by which an efficient inferencing,incermental knp\owledge acquisition and refinment are possible.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.90-99
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• 2007

Arts is the expression of reasoning and conscious life of human and arouse human the concept of existence, utmost emotion and excellent thoughts. Also it makes humans life very abundant. I make it come first to get rid of the art thirst on the opposite sight of technical one for hair as on part of humans body. Next purpose is that to confirm the esthetic value of 'hair arts' by solidify the academic ground of beauty arts through creating 'hair arts' works and learning and make the direction for the beauty industry and education of the next generation. In this study I investigated the Greek myth(the background and develop)and the hair styles of ancient Greek Goddesses. On the basis of that symbols I elaborated hair formative works made of metal and studied, analyzed and displayed that. Work No.1 'Aphrodite' is the sculpture showing the win of love which animated. I formed it very active and vigorous. Next 'Birth of Venus', No.2, involves fineness and freshness. 'Fear of Medusa', the third piece, displays the very second when medusa was executed as a beautiful and active scene not a scary one. And lastly in 'Lovely Medusa' Medusa finally find the stability and it was expressed her beautiful and shining hair. So this study conducted based on the concept of practical hair and have made efforts to be close to theoretical manufacturing research needed at making hair arts works and academic one needed at organic design composition for pioneering new field, 'art hair.' I hope these 'hair arts' works make creativity of the practise hair alive. It will be very thankful to me if this study can help even though slightly for splendid beauty arts to make its status firm as a one part of arts, and there are following studies.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.521-528
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• 2017

Research on AI is essential to build a system with collective intelligence that allows a large number of UAVs to maintain their flight while carrying out various missions. A typical approach of AI includes 'top-down' approach, which is a rule-based logic reasoning method including expert system, and 'bottom-up approach' in which overall behavior is determined through partial interaction between simple objects such as artificial neural network and Flocking Algorithm. In the same study as the existing Flocking Algorithm, individuals can not perform individual tasks. In addition, studies such as UAV formation flight can not flexibly cope with problems caused by partial flight defects. In this paper, we propose organic integration between top - down approach and bottom - up approach through multi - agent system, and suggest a flight flight algorithm which can perform flexible mission through it.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.6 s.109
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• pp.691-700
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• 2006

To support context-aware services in ubiquitous computing environments, there are required dynamic context managing, context reasoning and context modeling technologies. In previous researches, context services are designed using context ontology used in context aware middleware. So, context service cannot change the context ontology in execution time. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical ontology-based context management model and design a context-aware middleware based on this model for supporting active application adaptability and reflecting users' requirements dynamically in contextual changes. It also provides efficient support for inferencing, interpreting, acquiring and discovering various contexts to build context-aware services and presents a resolution method for context conflict which is occurred in execution of service. As the middleware is implemented on the OSGi framework, it can cause interoperability among devices such as computers, PDAs, home appliances and sensors. It can also support the development and operation of context aware services, which are required in the ubiquitous computing environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.279-287
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• 2001

In this paper, we have defined and designed the structure of standardized XML content for supplying efficient e-Learning contents. We have also implemented the prototype of XML contents generator to create the educational contents easily. In addition, we have suggested the contents searching method using Case Base Reasoning and Bayesian belief network to supply XML contents suitable to learners request. The existing e-Learning system based on HTML could not customize and standardize, but XML contents can be reused and made an intelligent learning by supplying an adaptive content according to learners level. For evaluating the efficiency of designed XML content, we make the standard XML content for learning JAVA program in e-Learning system as well as discussing about the integrity and expanding the educational content. Finally, we have shown the architecture and effectiveness of the knowledge-based XML contents retrieval manager.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.647-655
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• 2004

PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) 2003, the second cycle of PISA, collected data with respect to students' cross-disciplinary problem solving capabilities. Problem solving is defined as the ability to use cognitive processes to solve real cross-disciplinary problems. For the purpose of PISA 2003 assessment, three problem types were chosen: Decision Making, System Analysis and Design, and Trouble Shooting. For this paper a preliminary analysis on Korean students' responses to the PISA 2003 problem-solving items was conducted. The quantitative analysis mainly focused on the difficulties of the PISA 2003 items, while the quantitative analysis dealt with students' responses to open-ended items, which helped understand Korean students' cognitive style and reasoning processes. According to the item analysis result, Korean students had difficulty in representing their answers with pictures or graphs, and interpreting long and complex text. They also showed low achievement with relatively unfamiliar topics or tasks. The paper concluded with several suggestions on improve the quality of science education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Due to its intrinsic characteristic, exterior bus advertising is exposed to an unspecified number of the general public. Thus it influences on the urban publicness of the city, simply beyond leaving it as a personal marketing activity toward the industry's profit. Seoul city's campaign to improve exterior bus advertising has been to effective in removing advertisements of alcohols, tobaccos, and lascivious contents, however, there still are several advertisements that should be examined from the view point of publicness. For the case of UK, where exterior bus advertising is also actively utilizing owing to its high exposure and effectiveness, they are administrating it by setting up guidelines and regarding the importance of publicness. I also identified the meaning of publicness of exterior bus advertising from the aspects of 'publicness of territories', 'publicness of subjects', 'publicness of reasoning', and 'publicness of procedures'. Through this, I suggested that both commercial right of exterior bus advertising in the private sector and citizen's right of publicness can be harmoniously developed by properly controlling and administrating the exterior bus advertising. Furthermore, artistic approach to the exterior bus advertising from the viewpoint of city environment is expected to elevate the aesthetic possession and the level of design sense of citizens.