• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2015

Sumaeyaksuk (Artemisia Argyi H.) is one of the original mugwort spices in Namhae-gun, Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of water extracts from dried and aging Sumaeyaksuk samples during the May-July harvest season. One (SD) was dried under shade for 12 days, while the other (AD) was aged for 7 days at $60^{\circ}C$ and then roasted for 220 minutes at over $90^{\circ}C$. Glucose was solely detected as a free sugar, and its SD and AD content were $0.42{\pm}0.02{\sim}0.43{\pm}0.01g/100g$, and $0.41{\pm}0.02{\sim}0.47{\pm}0.04g/100g$, respectively. The total phenolic contents of SD were $1.85{\pm}0.09{\sim}3.45{\pm}0.14g/100g$, which were higher than those of AD ($1.29{\pm}0.08{\sim}2.90{\pm}0.08g/100g$). The antioxidant activities of the water extract powder from each Sumaeyaksuk were assessed by different in vitro methods, such as the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and decoloration prevention activity in ${\beta}$-carotene linoleic system. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of AD extract were significantly higher than those of the SD extract (p<0.05). Moreover, at the concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, $500{\mu}g/mL$, the FRAP of the SD-May extract showed $1.67{\pm}0.58{\sim}489.90{\pm}7.59{\mu}M$, while the AD-July extract showed $9.70{\pm}1.07{\sim}590.40{\pm}7.45{\mu}M$. The ${\beta}$-carotene decoloration prevention activity of the SD-May and AD-July extracts were $25.53{\pm}2.85{\sim}81.43{\pm}2.56%$, $35.98{\pm}2.22{\sim}79.00{\pm}1.42%$, respectively. Based on these results, the extracts of SD-May and AD-July were promising as a functional food source due to their high antioxidant activites.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.589-601
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• 2010

Recently it has been frequently reported arsenic contamination of geologic origin in groundwater. The iron-impregnated ranular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) was developed for effective removal of arsenic from groundwater n the study. Fe-GACs were prepared by impregnating iron compounds into a supporting medium (GAC) with 0.05 M iron nitrate solution. The materials were used in arsenic adsorption isotherm tests to know the effect of iron impregnation time, batch kinetic tests to understand the influence of pH, and column tests to evaluate for the preliminary operation of water treatment system. The results showed that the minimum twelve hours of impregnation time were required for making the Fe-GAC with sufficient iron content for arsenic removal, confirmed by a high arsenic adsorption capacity evaluated in the isotherm tests. Most of the impregnated iron compounds were iron hydroxynitrate $Fe_4(OH)_{11}NO_3{\cdot}2H_2O$ but a mall quantity of hematite was also identified in X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The batch isotherms of Fe-GAC for arsenic adsorption were well explained by Langmuir than Freundlich model and the iron contents of Fe-GAC have positive linear correlations on logarithmic plots with Freundlich distribution coefficients ($K_F$ and Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities ($Q_m$. The results of kinetic experiments suggested hat Fe-GAC had he excellent arsenic adsorption capacities regardless of all pH conditions except for pH 11 and could be used a promising adsorbents for groundwater arsenic removal considering the general groundwater pH range of 6-8. The pseudo-second order model, based on the assumption that the ate-limiting step might be chemisorption, provided the best correlation of the kinetic experimental data and explained the arsenic adsorption system f Fe-GAC. The column test was conducted to valuate the feasibility of Fe-GAC use and the operation parameters in arsenic groundwater treatment system. The parameters obtained from the column test were the retardation actor of 482.4 and the distribution coefficient of 581.1 L/mg which were similar values of 511.5-592.5 L/mg acquired from Freundlich batch isotherm model. The results of this study suggested that Fe-GAC could be used as promising adsorbent of arsenic removal in a small groundwater supply system with water treatment facility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.343-354
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of restricted feeding to pullet on growth and endocrine profile in layers(Isa brown). One thousand eighty brown-layer chicks were divided into three treatments; conventional feeding(ad libitum) and two restricted feedings(80% of conventional diet) for 70 weeks. One of restricted feeding started from seven to seventeen weeks of age, and the other started from twelve to seventeen weeks of age. Diets were formulated by NRC(1994) recommendation. Body weight and feed intake were measured every two weeks, and body composition and organ weight analyzed every week in rearing period and every eight weeks in laying period. Blood was collected at weighing body weight and was analyzed for the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰand estradiol. Body weight and feed intake decreased as restriction of feeding begins comparing to ad libitum group(P<0.05), but reached to similar body weight and feed intake at 20 wk of age regardless of restriction. There were no significant differences in development of digestive tract and attached organs among the treatment groups. During rearing period, however, they were slightly higher in restricted group which was low in body weight. In terms of body composition, fat contents of restricted group were significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of ad libitum group around 1,000 grams of body weight. High concentration of IGF-Ⅰwas observed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.529-539
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• 2019

Purpose: Sprouts of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL) were reported to have high contents of flavonoids and potent antioxidant activity. This study examined the antioxidant and antiobesity activities of OL sprouts to determine if they could be a natural health-beneficial resource preventing obesity and oxidative stress. Methods: OL sprouts were extracted with 50% ethanol, evaporated, and lyophilized (OLE). The in vitro antioxidant activity of OLE was examined using four different tests. The antiobesity activity and in vivo antioxidant activity from OLE consumption were examined using high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice. Results: The IC₅₀ for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of OLE were 26.2 ㎍/mL and 327.6 ㎍/mL, respectively. OLE exhibited the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity of 56.7 ㎍ ascorbic acid eq./mL at 100 ㎍/mL, and an increased glutathione level by 65.1% at 200 ㎍/mL compared to the control in the hUC-MSC stem cells. In an animal study, oral treatment with 50 mg or 100 mg of OLE/kg body weight for 14 weeks reduced the body weight gain, visceral fat content, fat cell size, blood leptin, and triglyceride levels, as well as the atherogenic index compared to the high fat diet control group (HFC) (p < 0.05). The blood malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the catalase and SOD-1 activities in adipose tissue were reduced significantly by the OLE treatment compared to HFC as well (p < 0.05). In epididymal adipose tissue, the OLE treatment reduced the mRNA expression of leptin, PPAR-γ and FAS significantly (p < 0.05) compared to HFC while it increased adiponectin expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OLE consumption has potent antioxidant and antiobesity activities via the suppression of oxidative stress and lipogenesis in DIO mice. Therefore, OLE could be a good candidate as a natural resource to develop functional food products that prevent obesity and oxidative stress.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of light intensity (100, 200, 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, and natural light) on the growth and the fruit quality of cucumber(Cucumis sativus cv. Hyakunari-3). The results of this experiment indicated that plant height and length of lateral shoots were decreased under low light condition, but it was not significantly different among treatments. Leaf area and root weight were lowest under low light intensity(100 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$), but no significant differences were noted between 200 and 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$. Photosynthesis rate was decreased with reduced light intensity and total chlorophyll contents, root activity and xylem sap were also decreased under low light intensity, but there was no significant difference between 200 and 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$. From the SEM observation the erosion of the guard cells and closed stomata in low light treatment were shown and the size of stoma were small also the stomatal aperture were decreased with reducing the light intensity. Chlorosis in leaves and aborted-liked fruits were appeared under low light condition and Ca and Mg uptake in leaves were decreased by shading in proportion to the decrease of light intensity. Fruit yields were decreased by 65% under 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, and by 80${\sim}$90% under 200 and 100 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, compared to those under the natural light. This low intensity of light caused the sharp decrease in the early harvested yields within two weeks and the fruit yields of lateral shoots were greatly decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.862-873
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the physiochemical properties and biological activities of Gangwon-do endemic Makjang (MJ) products (12 types). The pH levels of all samples were in the range of 4.43 to 5.69, and MJ5 showed the highest pH (5.69). The salinities of all samples ranged from 11.1% to 16.9%. Hunter color values for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) ranged from 26.2 to 36.9, 3.9 to 11.5, and 6.5 to 16.6, respectively. The amino nitrogen content of MJ2 was highest, whereas the total content of free amino acids of MJ11 (4,657.7 mg%) was highest. Total fatty acid contents of all samples ranged from 1,598.6 mg% to 2,874.4 mg%, with MJ10 showing the highest fatty acid content. The content of total polyphenolic compounds ranged from 401.48 to $746.67{\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalent/mL, with MJ11 showing the highest content. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging effects of MJ11, MJ8, and MJ4 were 51.30% and 82.5%, 41.29% and 67.0%, and 49.88% and 87.7%, respectively. MJ12 showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on lung cancer A549 cells, whereas MJ5 showed the strongest growth inhibitory effect on AGS gastric cancer cell and MCF-7 breast cancer cell. MJ7 showed greater lipid accumulation inhibitory activity in HepG2 cells than the others. ACE inhibitory activity of MJ11 was the highest among the samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 2011

This study aimed to examine the effect of the Schizandra chinensis fruit and Morus alba leaf on insulin expression in HIT-T15 cells, which is exposed by glucose. The total polyphenol contents of the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract were $20.11{\pm}0.35$ mg/g and $50.02{\pm}0.62$ mg/mL, respectively. The S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract contained $2.85{\pm}0.15$ and $8.76{\pm}0.43$ mg/g flavonoids, respectively. The antioxidant ability of the M. alba leaf hot-water extract was found to be superior to that of the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract. Compared to the HIT-T15-treated 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the $100{\mu}g/mL$ S. chinensis ethanol extract was found to have a two fold increase in insulin productivity. Moreover, the $100{\mu}g/mL$ M. alba leaf hot-water extract promoted the insulin secretion of high-glucose-damaged HIT-T15 almost ten fold. The above results showed that the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and M. alba leaf hot-water extract may improve the insulin productivity of the beta cell with glucose-induced oxidative damage. These data suggest that the S. chinensis fruit ethanol extract and the M. alba leaf hot-water extract can be used as food materials for the regulation of insulin secretion.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.741-751
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• 2010

We evaluated the nutritional value of a Monascus pilosus mycelial ethanolic extract (MEM) and culture filtrate (CFM) by determining the contents of monacolin K and citrinin, and by measuring antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The yields of freeze-dried MEM and CFM powder were 4.02% and 3.35% of wet weight, respectively. Pigment content ($OD_{500}$ value) of MEM (0.79) and CFM (0.63) were lower than those of commercial rice beni-koji ethanolic extracts (EERB) (0.87), but were in good agreement with the L*, a*, and b* values and the hue angles of the products. The total monacolin K content of MEM (24.91 mg%) was higher than those of CFM (1.27 mg%) and EERB (14.65 mg%). However, the active monacolin K content of EERB (5.48 mg%) was higher than those of MEM (3.35 mg%) and CFM (0.4 mg%). Citrinin was not detected in any sample. The total polyphenol content of MEM (4.68%, w/w) was similar to that of CFM (4.29%, w/w), thus 13.75.20.94% higher than that of EERB. The total flavonoid content of EERB was 6.8.7.0-fold higher than those of MEM (0.64%, w/w) and CFM (0.66%, w/w). The total antioxidant capacity of CFM (3.51%, w/w) was 1.62.2.08-fold higher than those of MEM (2.74%, w/w) and EERB (1.69%, w/w). The electron-donating capacities of 1% (w/v) solutions of CFM, MEM, BHT, and EERB were 86.20%, 77.25%, 77.25%, and 44.82%, respectively, and the corresponding reducing powers ($OD_{700}$ values) were 2.1, 2.4, 1.1, and 1.6, respectively. SOD(superoxide dismutase)-like activities were in the order MEM (39.85%) > BHT (37.68%) > EERB (26.70%) > CFM (21.5%). Although the TBARS (% value) of MEM was a little lower than that of BHT, it was higher than those of CFM and EERB. The antibacterial activities of CFM acting on Bacillus brevis and Escherichia coli were somewhat higher than those of MEM, whereas the activities of MEM on Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella enteritidis were higher than those of CFM. However, the antibacterial activities of MEM and CFM were less than those of EERB and BHT. In conclusion, although further studies are needed, we offer experimental evidence that the by-products of M. pilosus MEM and CFM contain significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that may be useful in the development of healthy foods.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2011

This study was conducted to recommend nitrogen (N) top dressing based on soil nitrate content for leaf perilla under forcing culture in Gumsan-gun and Milyang-si. Experimental design was the randomized complete block design for five N fertilization levels and conventional fertilization. Dry weight, nitrogen uptake, and the node number of leaf perilla were measured and soil nitrate contents were analyzed monthly. The amount of nitrogen uptake for growth of a node with two leaves was $2.2kg\;10a^{-1}$ for Gumsan site and $3.5kg\;10a^{-1}$ for Milyang site. Lower level of soil nitrate N concentration for standard N fertilization was determined as $10mg\;kg^{-1}$ for both sites. Soil depth, bulk density, utilization rate of soil nitrate N, and the amount of N uptake for growth of a node with two leaves were considered for calculation of upper level of soil nitrate N concentration. The upper levels of soil nitrate N concentration for no N fertilization were determined as $30mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Gumsan site and as $40mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Milyang site. Consequently the recommendation equations for the N top dressing were Y=-0.157X+4.71 for Gumsan site and Y=-0.1667X+6.6667 for Milyang site.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.141-160
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to devise a specific plan for activating sports to promote health in old age against the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Through literature review, it also analyzed the association between health status and COVID-19 in old age, suggested health promotion policies and projects for elderly people, and presented a plan for activating sport to promote health in old age against COVID-19 era. First, it is necessary to revise the relevant laws, including the Sport Promotion Act and the Elderly Welfare Act, partially or entirely, make developmental and convergent legislations for elderly health and sports, and establish an institutional device as needed. Second, it is necessary to build an integrated digital platform for the elderly and make a supporting system that links facilities, programs, information, and job creation as part of a New Deal program in the field of sports on the basis of the Korean New Deal. Third, it is necessary to train elderly welfare professionals. Efforts should be made to establish more departments related to elderly sports in universities and make it compulsory to place elderly sports instructors at elderly leisure and welfare facilities. Fourth, it is necessary to develop contents related to health in old age. This means performing diverse movements by manipulating them through a virtual reality (VR) simulation. Fifth, it is necessary to make a greater investment in research and development related to elderly sports and relevant fields. This means the need to conduct constant research on healthy and active aging in a systematic and practical way through multidisciplinary cooperation. Sixth, it is necessary to establish and operate an elderly management agency (elderly health agency) under the influence of the Office of the Prime Minister. This means the need to secure independence in implementing the functions related to health promotion in old age and make comprehensive operation, which involves all the issues of health promotion in old age, daily function maintenance and rehabilitation, social adjustment, and long-term care, by establishing an elderly management agency in an effort to give lifelong health management to the elderly and cope with the untact, New Normal age.