• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2017

Background: In Korea, the problem of physician workforce imbalances has been a debated issue for a long time. This study aimed to draw key lessons and policy implications to Korea by analyzing projection models of physician demand/supply among five countries. Methods: We adopted theoretical framework and analyzed detail indicators used in projection models of demand/supply comparatively among countries. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with key search terms and it was complimented with hand searching of grey literature in Korean or English. Results: As a results, Korea has been used a supply-based traditional approach without taking various variables or environmental factors influencing on demand/supply into consideration. The projection models of USA and Netherlands which considered the diversity of variables and political issues is the most closest integrated approach. Based on the consensus of stakeholder, the evolved integrated forecasting approach which best suits our nation is needed to minimize a wasteful debate related to physician demand/supply. Also it is necessary to establish the national level statistics indices and database about physician workforce. In addition, physician workforce planning will be discussed periodically. Conclusion: We expect that this study will pave the way to seek reasonable and developmental strategies of physician workforce planning.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.959-972
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• 2018

Purpose: This study developed a simulation model that incorporates the uncertainty of demand and yield to obtain optimized results for supply chain coordination within environmental constraints. The objective of this study is to examine whether yield management for perishable products can achieve the goal of supply chain coordination between a single buyer and a single supplier under a variety of environmental conditions. Methods: We investigated the efficiency of a revenue-sharing contract and a wholesale price contract by considering demand and yield uncertainty, profit maximizing ratio, and success ratio. The implications for environmental variation were derived through a comparative analysis between the wholesale price contract and the revenue-sharing contract. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to give us the results of an optimized supply chain within the environments defined by the experimental factors and parameters. Results: We found that a revised revenue-sharing contracting model was more efficient than the wholesale price contract model and allowed all members of the supply chain to achieve higher profits. First, as the demand variation (${\sigma}$) increased, the profit of the total supply chain increased. Second, as the revenue-sharing ratio (${\Phi}$) increased, the profits of the manufacturer gradually decreased, while the profits of the retailer gradually increased, and this change was linear. Third, as the quality of yield increased, the profits of suppliers appear to increased. At last, success rate was expressed as the profit increased in the revenue-sharing contract compared to the profit increase in the wholesale price contract. Conclusion: The managerial implications of the simulation findings are: (1) a strategic approach to demand and yield uncertainty helps in efficient resource utilization and improved supply chain performance, (2) a revenue-sharing contract amplifies the effect of yield uncertainty, and (3) revised revenue-sharing contracts fetch more profits for both buyers and suppliers in the supply chain.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

This paper introduces an approach to identify the total energy consumption with subsequent $CO_2$ emissions, for both industrial and non-industrial sectors. Statistical data for 2005 were compiled in a national account system to construct an energy input-output table for investigating the influence between energy demand and supply activities. The methodological approach was applied to South Korea. Twelve types of energy and fifteen industrial and non-industrial sectors are formed as the compartments of the input-output table. The results provided quantitative details of the energy consumption and identified the significant contributions from each sector. An impact analysis on the $CO_2$ emissions for the demand side was also conducted for comparison with the supply side.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.679-690
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• 2022

As the supply and demand of pork has become a significant concern in Korea, controlling it has become a critical challenge for the industry. However, compared to the demand for pork, which has relatively stable consumption, it is not easy to maintain a stable supply. As the preparation of measures for a supply-demand crisis response and supply control in the pig industry has emerged as an important task, it has become necessary to establish a stable supply model and create an appropriate manual. In this study, a pork supply prediction model is constructed using reported data from the pig traceability system. Based on the derived results, a method for determining the supply-demand crisis stage using a statistical approach was proposed. From the results of the analysis, working days, African swine fever, heat wave, and Covid-19 were shown to affect the number of pigs graded in the market. A test of the performance of the model showed that both in-sample error rate and out-sample error rate were between 0.3 - 7.6%, indicating a high level of predictive power. Applying the forecast, the distribution of the confidence interval of the predicted value was established, and the supply crisis stage was identified, evaluating supply-demand conditions.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-134
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• 2013

Electrical construction business has public and professional characters. It may require appropriate interventions of the government because these business activities stand for not only profit-seeking competition, but also supplies of one of the key functions in our society. In other words, public benefit and private benefit are still in existence. The government therefore considers such an aspect of public importance of the business sector and needs to plan to adjust technical and engineering manpower of this market. This study focuses on the imbalance for labor supply and demand of technical engineer in electrical construction business. A system dynamics analysis is applied to understand and simulate the imbalance as a soft approach. It has the merit of causal loop diagram to alleviate the limitation of data lack problem. We find that excess demand is expected from 2010 to 2011, and excess supply is predicted from 2012 to 2021 about the manpower of technical engineer. It shows considerable disagreement between the supply and demand of human resource. So we suggest that it is strong necessity to construct statistics infrastructure for a manpower supply and demand plan.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2B
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• pp.228-239
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• 2004

Information Security industry in Korea is growing rapidly but is confronted with many challenges in business environment. One of the worst hardships is the mismatch in the demand and supply of manpower. Thus the government is developing a manpower policy to relieve the situation. To suggest policy implications, this study analyzes the demand and supply of Information Security manpower in the systematic and behavioral point of views. Using System Dynamics approach, we formulate a model to analyze the demand and supply of Information Security manpower. Finally we simulate the model and interpret the results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.642-653
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• 2004

Information Security industry in Korea is growing rapidly but is confronted with many challenges in business environment. One of the worst hardships is the mismatch in the demand and supply of manpower. Thus the government is developing a manpower policy to relieve the situation. To suggest policy implications, this study analyzes the demand and supply of Information Security manpower in the systematic and behavioral point of views. Using System Dynamics approach we formulate a model to analyze the demand and supply of Information Security manpower. Finally we simulate the model and interpret the results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

Water supply capacity and operational capability in agricultural reservoirs are expressed differently in the limited storage due to seasonal and local variation of precipitation. Since agricultural water supply and demand basically assumes the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, it is necessary to improve probabilistic approach for potential risk assessment of water supply capacity in reservoir for enhanced operational storage management. Here, it was introduced the irrigation vulnerability characteristic curves to represent the water supply capacity corresponding to probability distribution of the water demand from the paddy field and water supply in agricultural reservoir. Irrigation vulnerability probability was formulated using reliability analysis method based on water supply and demand probability distribution. The lower duration of irrigation vulnerability probability defined as the time period requiring intensive water management, and it will be considered to assessment tools as a risk mitigated water supply planning in decision making with a limited reservoir storage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

For optimal reservoir operation and management, there are essential elements including water supply in agricultural reservoir and demand in irrigation district. To estimate agricultural water demand and supply, many factors such as weather, crops, soil, growing conditions cultivation method and the watershed/irrigation area should be considered, however, there are occurred water supply impossible duration under the influence of the variability and uncertainty of meteorological and hydrological phenomenon. Focusing on agricultural reservoir, amount and tendency of agricultural water supply and demand shows seasonally/regionally different patterns. Through the analysis of deviation and changes in the timing of the two elements, duration in excess of water supply can be identified quantitatively. Here, we introduce an approach to assessment of irrigation vulnerable duration for effective management of agricultural reservoir using time dependent change analysis of residual water supply and irrigation water requirements. Irrigation vulnerable duration has been determined through the comparison of water supply in agricultural reservoir and demand in irrigation district based on the water budget analysis, therefore can be used as an improved and basis data for the effective and intensive water management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4B
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• pp.233-242
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• 2012

In the past, the domestic water supply benefit of dam has been estimated by replacement dam cost approach. But it is logically inappropriate that we use the second priority dam as a replaced facility. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the estimation method of the domestic water supply benefit by using demand function, which is deduced from Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) of consumers. For this purpose, a survey concerning the marginal WTP is carried out according to the change of water use amount used, targeted 1,000 households in metropolitan area. And by using the marginal WPT, we estimated the demand function of a family. Finally, the monthly benefit equation is derived. The approach is demonstrated and discussed for an example, the Song-Li-Won dam project which is now renamed Young-Ju dam. From the example study, the total benefit for the durable years (50 years), was about 90 billion won. The method proposed herein is expected to be practical and useful in the economic analysis of the domestic water supply project including dam construction, as well as in further studies.