• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2003

To verify importance of the intervening sequence between the ribosome binding site (RBS) and the initiation codon for expression of Bacillus thuringiensis $\delta$-endotoxin, the pProMu, containing SphI and NcoIsites between RBS and the initiation codon of the cry1Ac gene, and the deletion derivatives of pProMu were constructed and transformed into the B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki $Cry^{-B}$ strain. The pProMu-ΔSphIhad identical six bases of intervening sequence to pProAc though the arrangement of sequence was different. Other mutants containing pProMu had 1 or 10 or 14 bases between RBS and the initiation codon. Among deletion mutants, only ProMu-ΔSphI/CB only produced 130 kDa typical bipyramidal crystals like those seen for ProAc/CB. However, ProMu/CB, $ProMu-{\Delta}NcoI$, and ProMu-ΔSphI＋NcoIdid not produce Cry1Ac crystals. In conclusion, the results suggest that 6-base intervening sequence was important for expression of cry1-type class gene. Furthermore, spacing effect of the intervening sequences may play an important role in expression of individual crystal proteins in B. thuringiensis without doubt.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.40 no.3_4
• /
• pp.657-668
• /
• 2022

In the present paper we introduce and study Euler sequence spaces of fractional difference and backward difference operators. We make an effort to prove that these spaces are BK-spaces and linearly isomorphic. Further, Schauder basis for Euler fractional difference sequence spaces $e^{\varsigma}_{0,p}({\Delta}^{(\tilde{\beta})},\;{\nabla}^m)$ and $e^{\varsigma}_{c,p}({\Delta}^{(\tilde{\beta})},\;{\nabla}^m)$ are also elaborate. In addition to this, we determine the 𝛼-, 𝛽- and 𝛾- duals of these spaces.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.89-91
• /
• 2000

In this investigation we report our search for the presence of Leucine Rich Repeats (LRRs) in various Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sub species. Leucine rich repeats are short sequence motifs present in some proteins. The consensus sequence corresponding to the LRR was present in Crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis sub species. This LRR sequence has been predicted to be involved in proteinprotein interactions or receptor binding functions, hence the importance of this study.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.831-839
• /
• 2006

By relaxing the requirements for a sequence of functions to be a delta sequence, a space of Boehmians on the torus ${\beta}(T^d)$ is constructed and studied. The space ${\beta}(T^d)$ contains the space of distributions as well as the space of hyperfunctions on the torus. The Fourier transform is a continuous mapping from ${\beta}(T^d)$ onto a subspace of Schwartz distributions. The range of the Fourier transform is characterized. A necessary and sufficient condition for a sequence of Boehmians to converge is that the corresponding sequence of Fourier transforms converges in $D'({\mathbb{R}}^d)$.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.183-202
• /
• 2018

${\Delta}-moves$ are closely related with a Vassiliev invariant of degree 2. For classical knots, M. Okada showed that the second coefficients of the Conway polynomials of two knots differ by 1 if the two knots are related by a single ${\Delta}-move$. The first author extended the Okada's result for virtual knots by using a Vassiliev invariant of virtual knots of type 2 which is induced from the Kauffman polynomial of a virtual knot. The arrow polynomial is a generalization of the Kauffman polynomial. We will generalize this result by using Vassiliev invariants of type 2 induced from the arrow polynomial of a virtual knot and give a lower bound for the number of ${\Delta}-moves$ transforming $K_1$ to $K_2$ if two virtual knots $K_1$ and $K_2$ are related by a finite sequence of ${\Delta}-moves$.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.841-849
• /
• 2009

Let {$X_n$, n ${\ge}$ 1} be a negatively associated sequence of identically distributed random variables with mean zeros and positive finite variances. Set $S_n$ = ${\Sigma}^n_{i=1}\;X_i$. Suppose that 0 < ${\sigma}^2=EX^2_1+2{\Sigma}^{\infty}_{i=2}\;Cov(X_1,\;X_i)$ < ${\infty}$. We prove that, if $EX^2_1(log^+{\mid}X_1{\mid})^{\delta}$ < ${\infty}$ for any 0< ${\delta}{\le}1$, then $\lim_{{\epsilon}\downarrow0}{\epsilon}^{2{\delta}}\sum_{{n=2}}^{\infty}\frac{(logn)^{\delta-1}}{n^2}ES^2_nI({\mid}S_n{\mid}\geq{\epsilon}{\sigma}\sqrt{nlogn}=\frac{E{\mid}N{\mid}^{2\delta+2}}{\delta}$, where N is the standard normal random variable. We also prove that if $S_n$ is replaced by $M_n=max_{1{\le}k{\le}n}{\mid}S_k{\mid}$ then the precise rate still holds. Some results in Fu and Zhang (2007) are improved to the complete moment case.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.659-666
• /
• 2014

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the class of analytic functions f in the open unit disk $\mathbb{U}$={z : ${\mid}z{\mid}$ < 1} with the normalization conditions $f(0)=f^{\prime}(0)-1=0$. If $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_nz^n$ and ${\delta}$ > 0 are given, then the $T_{\delta}$-neighborhood of the function f is defined as $$TN_{\delta}(f)\{g(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}b_nz^n{\in}\mathcal{A}:\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}T_n{\mid}a_n-b_n{\mid}{\leq}{\delta}\}$$, where $T=\{T_n\}_{n=2}^{\infty}$ is a sequence of positive numbers. In the present paper we investigate some problems concerning $T_{\delta}$-neighborhoods of function in various classes of analytic functions with $T=\{2^{-n}/n^2\}_{n=2}^{\infty}$. We also find bounds for $^{\delta}^*_T(A,B)$ defined by $$^{\delta}^*_T(A,B)=jnf\{{\delta}&gt;0:B{\subset}TN_{\delta}(f)\;for\;all\;f{\in}A\}$$ where A, B are given subsets of $\mathcal{A}$.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.349-361
• /
• 2023

In this article, we construct lacunary ∆^m-statistical convergence for triple sequences within the context of intuitionistic fuzzy n-normed spaces (IFnNS). For lacunary ∆^m-statistical convergence of triple sequence in IFnNS, we demonstrate numerous results. For this innovative notion of convergence, we further built lacunary ∆^m-statistical Cauchy sequences and offered the Cauchy convergence criterion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 2001

Delta-integration vectors were constructed for the purpose of achieving homologous integration of the hirudin expression cassette into the chromosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A double $\delta$ system truncated with the unnecessary bacterial genes, and consequently having a reduced insert size for integration, showed a four-fold increase in transformation efficiency at given DNA concentrations, and as a result, the constructed recombinant yeast strain had a 1.3-fold enhancement in hirudin expression level compared with a single $\delta$ system.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2012.07a
• /
• pp.154-155
• /
• 2012

The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is an effective protection device for wind turbine generator based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) operated under the unbalanced voltage dip conditions. The compensating voltages of DVR depend on the voltage dips and on the influence of the zero sequence components. If the $Y_0/{\Delta}$ step-up transformers are used, there are no zero sequence components on the DFIG side. However, if the $Y_0/Y_0$ step-up transformers are used, the zero sequence components will appear during faults. The zero sequence components result in the high insulation costs and the asymmetric of the terminal voltages. This paper proposes a method for controlling zero sequence components in DVR to protect DFIG under unbalanced voltage dips. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.