• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2011

The correlation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion provides an important clue on the black hole growth and galaxy evolution. In the case of AGN, however, it is extremely difficult to measure stellar velocity dispersions in the optical since AGN continuum dilutes stellar absorption features. In contrast, stellar velocity dispersions of active galaxies can be measured in the near-IR, where AGN-to-star flux ratio is much smaller. Expecting that more stellar velocity dispersion measurements will be available using future near-IR facilities, it is crucial to test whether the stellar velocity dispersions measured from the near-IR spectra are consistent with those measured from the optical spectra. For a sample of 35 nearby galaxies, for which optical stellar velocity dispersion measurements and dynamical black hole masses are available, we obtained high quality H-band spectra, using the TripleSpec at the Palomar 5-m Telescope, in order to calibrate the stellar velocity dispersions and define the $M_{BH}-sigma_*$ relation in the near-IR. Based on the spatially resolved kinematics, we correct for the rotation component and determine the luminosity-weighted stellar velocity dispersion of the spheroid component in each galaxy. In this presentation, we will show the comparison between optical and near-IR stellar velocity dispersion measurements and define the $M_{BH}-sigma_*$ relation based on uniformly measured stellar velocity dispersion in the near-IR.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.19
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• 2020

Acute viral infection or vaccination generates highly functional memory CD8 T cells following the Ag resolution. In contrast, persistent antigenic stimulation in chronic viral infection and cancer leads to a state of T-cell dysfunction termed T-cell exhaustion. We and other have recently identified a novel subset of exhausted CD8 T cells that act as stem cells for maintaining virus-specific CD8 T cells in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. This stem cell-like CD8 T-cell subset has been also observed in both mouse and human tumor models. Most importantly, in both chronic viral infection and tumor models, the proliferative burst of Ag-specific CD8 T cells driven by PD-1-directed immunotherapy comes exclusively from this stem cell-like CD8 T-cell subset. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms how CD8 T-cell subsets are regulated during chronic viral infection and cancer is required to improve the current immunotherapies that restore the function of exhausted CD8 T cells. In this review, we discuss the differentiation of virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection, the characteristics and function of CD8 T-cell subsets, and the therapeutic intervention of PD-1-directed immunotherapy in cancer.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.353-372
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• 2008

본 연구는 우리나라 제7차 초등학교 교육과정과 NCTM(2000)의 "학교수학을 위한 원리와 규준" 에서 제시하고 있는 그래프 지도의 목표를 살펴보고, 우리나라 교과서와 MiC 교과서에서 그래프를 어떻게 교수학적으로 변환하여 다루고 있는지 비교한다. 이를 위해 그래프 단원의 내용 요소로서 그래프의 종류와 정의 방식, 그래프 비교 활동에 대한 교수학적 변환 방식을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 그래프 지도 목표에서 우리나라에 비해 NCTM(2000)에서는 학생 스스로 자료를 표현하는 방법의 개발을 허용하며, 그래픽 표현 방법에 따른 분석 결과를 비교하도록 한다. 또, 그래프를 통해 자료 전체에 주목하여 설명하도록 한다는 차이점을 확인하였다. 두 교과서에서 다루는 그래프의 종류는 우리나라에 비해 MiC 교과서에서 number-line plot과 상자 그림을 더 다루고 있었다. 그래프를 정의하는 방법은 두 나라가 외연적 정의 방법을 주로 사용하고 있으나, 우리나라 교과서는 외연적 방법과 동의적 방법을 혼합하여 사용하고, MiC 교과서는 외연적 정의 방법을 그래프의 특징과 함께 사용하는 경우가 있었다. 그래프간의 비교 활동은 우리나라 교과서가 매우 빈약한 반면에, MiC 교과서는 여러 가지 형태의 비교 활동이 이루어지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.88-102
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• 2003

In our culture, the term, "be like", is frequently used. There are expressions such as "feminine-looking dress" and "manly style" relating to this term when we describe the styles of clothing. This study addresses the question on which type of garment would be selected under the description of the term, "be-like", in relation to gender. This term reveals the preconception of gender as being feminine or masculine according to the styles and colors of clothes. A group of 362 college students from Seoul and Gyeonggi area was surveyed fur the study The statistical analysis of SPSS 10.0 was applied f3r analyzing the data, and the significant variances were reviewed by the basic statistics, multi-variate and T-test. The results are as follows: First, the details of clothes imply the preconceived idea of gender. As a result, women's blouses and skirts were selected as the most feminine upper and bottom garments. The Y-shirt and T-shirt were selected as the most masculine upper garments. However, in contrast to the . skirts being the most feminine bottom wear, the pants were not significantly recognized as the most masculine ,clothes. Second, the variances of the survey show that the female students are more conscious of the sexual identity expressed in clothes than the male students. Third, the styles of clothes reflect the general understanding of what is considered to be "feminine or not feminine" and "masculine or not masculine" In conclusion, this study has discovered that the certain characteristics of gender are predominantly implicated in the styles length, and color of clothes. Both men and women responded differently in defining their idea of "femininity" and "masculinity". Nevertheless, there still exists strong preconception of what is considered to be feminine or masculine, and it affects the choices people make in selecting clothes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1220-1228
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• 2009

시맨틱 웹의 핵심인 온톨로지는 주로 특정 도메인에 한정되거나 휴리스틱에 의존해 의미와 관계를 정의하여 생성하고 있다. 하지만 온톨로지의 생성은 매우 어려울 뿐만 아니라 많은 시간이 소요되는 작업이다. 특정 분야에서 사용되는 온톨로지와 달리 웹에서 사용되는 온톨로지는 지식 및 정보 표현의 범위가 한정적이지 않기 때문에 기존의 온톨로지 생성 방식으로는 정보를 표현하기가 어렵다. 따라서 온톨로지의 자동 생성은 시맨틱 웹의 구현에 있어서 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 웹 온톨로지를 자동으로 생성하기 위해서 형태소 분석을 이용하여 검색엔진에서 사용자들이 입력하는 검색 키워드로부터 색인어를 추출하고, 이와 관련된 키워드를 확장시켜 온톨로지를 생성하고 갱신하는 방법에 대하여 제안한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.833-850
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• 2004

사회 각 부문의 이분법적인 분화가 근대성의 특징이었다면, 탈근대성 혹은 포스트모더니즘에서는 경계가 소멸되고 다양화되는 탈분화가 진행된다. 최근의 박물관들은 단순히 유물을 보관하는 근대적 공간에서 벗어나 여러 가지 사회문화적 요구를 수용하는 기능적 공간으로 탈근대화 되고 있다. 근대적 공간으로 탄생한 한국의 박물관이 문화 경관으로서 탈근대화 되는 양상을 알기 위해서는 역사적 형성 과정을 살펴보는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 박물관의 역사적 변천에서 나타나는 근대성과 탈근대성을 분화와 탈분화의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 이를 위해서 설립 주체의 유형별 변화를 토대로 한국 박물관의 역사적 변천과정을 근대적 박물관의 설립기(1945$\sim$1974), 탈근대적 박물관의 설립기(1975$\sim$1989), 탈근대적 박물관의 확산기(1990$\sim$2003)의 세 시기로 구분하여 분화와 탈분화의 양상을 살펴보았다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2002

단일 도달주시로서 최대에너지 도달주시는 카르히호프 구조보정을 위한 가장 적합한 연산자로 알려져 있다. 단순구조모델의 경우에 초동주시나 최대에너지 도달주시는 모두 정확한 카르히호프 구조보정 연산자로 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 구조가 복잡하고 속도대비가 큰 모델에 대해서 초동주시를 이용한 구조보정은 정확한 심도단면도를 얻을 수 없다. 즉 카르히호프 구조보정에서 요구되는 주시는 최대에너지 도달주시이지만 이 주시는 초동주시에 비해 상당히 많은 계산시간을 요한다. 본 논문에서는 일방향 파동방정식을 이용하여 최대에너지 도달주시에 근사한 주시를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 일방향 파동 방정식을 이용해 초동주시를 계산할 때 사용되는 WAS(Wrap Around Suppression, 두루마리현상억제)계수를 수평방향의 격자간격과 깊이에 대한 함수로 정의하고 음원 파형의 지연시간을 고려하여 최대 에너지 도달 시간에 근사한 주시를 구하였다. 이 주시의 타당성을 검증하고자 계산된 주시를 단순구조 및 복잡한 구조의 구조보정에 적용하고 그 심도단면도를 초동주시를 이용해 구한 심도단면도와 비교하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.28-40
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• 2002

For modern man and woman, footwear is considered a fashion for expressing oneself, and not merely a protective tool for the feet. The purpose of this research is to increase the effect of sales promotional activities by emphasizing product image and by enhancing sales environment. Towards this end, this research focuses on the study of environment at footwear stores that meet the challenges incurred by the changing lifestyles of consumers and the ensuing dynamics of the society in general. Research is based on an in-depth, thorough study of the previous research works and entails examining theoretical background and the concept of Visual Merchandising Display (VMD). Research will focus on the analysis of current situation at footwear stores located in department store based on material research on footwear stores and theoretical examination. Research on the current situation of footwear stores at department store will be conducted from the VMD perspective. In the end, this research paper will make suggestions on the VMD measures for footwear stores with the aim of increasing sales by satisfying consumers' sensibility and purchasing desire. Suggestions will be made based on the results of the research. -Study of current VMD status per fixture centered on 18 brands at department store -Suggestions for VMD at footwear stores based on the survey results of customer purchasing behavior This research intends to develop structured VMD methodology for footwear stores based on the research centered on VMD research of footwear stores at department store. Significance of this research lies in its aim to contribute to the sales increase, no matter how trivial it might be. Going a step further, this research work could be considered one of the foundations for defining the role of VMD methodology at footwear stores. Suggested results are as follows. (1) Need to cast away from simple, one-dimensional type of display method at footwear stores and transform into product image oriented VMD (2) Need to highlight product image by fully leveraging props and by developing footwear display methods that are suitable for different types of fixtures (3) Need to stabilize VMD by developing footwear manual that enables efficient management by store operator.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.251-270
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• 2010

The subject of the paper is to discern the validity of the translation theory put forward by the ESIT(Ecole Sup?rieur d'Interpr?tes et de Tranducteurs, Universit? Paris III) and how it differentiates from the other translation theories. First, the paper will analyze the theoretical aspects put forward by examining the equivalence that may be discerned between the french and korean translation in relation to the original english text that is being translated. Employing the equivalence in translation may shed new insights into the unterminable discussions we witness today between the literal translation and the free translation. Contrary to the formal equivalence the dynamic equivalence by Nida suggests that the messages retain the same meanings whether it be the original or a translated text to the/for the reader. In short, the object of the dynamic equivalence is to identify the closest equivalence to the suggested source language. The concept of correspondence and equivalence defined by theoriticians of translation falls to the domain of dynamic equivalence suggested by Nida. In translation theory the domain of usage of language and the that of discourse is denoted separately. by usage one denotes the translation through symbols that make up language itself. In contrast to this, the discourse is suggestive of defining the newly created expressions which may be denoted as being a creative equivalence which embodies the original message for the singular situation at hand. The translator will however find oneself incorporating the two opposing theories in translating. Translation falls under the criteria of text and not of language, thus one cannot regulate or foresee any special circumstances that may arise in translation of discourse, the translation to reflect this condition should always be delimited. All other translation should be subject to translation by equivalence. The interpretation theory in translation (of ESIT) in effect is relative to both the empirical and philosophical approach and is suggestive of new perspective in translation. In conclusion, the above suggested translation theory is different from the skopos theory and the polysystem theory in that it only takes in to account the elements that are in close relation to the original text, and also that it was developed for educational purposes opening new perspectives in the domain of translation theories.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.425-432
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• 2020

In order to improve the sustainability and smart construction, it is discussed arguably that developing and applying consistent "standard model" to plan business, design, construct and operate a building is considered to be one of the effective and efficient approach. The scope of this article is to examine, from the international developer's perspective, the "standard model" approach of a hotel brand to building projects in the UK, and also to explore potential role of project team to mitigate any local difference at the project level. These projects are developed by the same developer adopting the same business plan, design and operation to each project. In order to clarify the actual and likely difference in construction results, reference is also made to those building projects located in other geographical markets including Japan, Germany and USA, and focus is given on the analysis of its programme and cost. Principle findings are that there exists geographical difference especially in environmental and planning system, and that major local difference is found at least in the programme at the design stage. In contrast, the difference in the building cost itself may not be necessarily considered major if currency exchange rate being taken into account appropriately. It is also observed that there were cases where any difference in the programme was mitigated by taking different approach to procuring and defining roles of management and professional team at the project level. In conclusion, from the international developer's perspective, the geographical difference of the "construction system" surrounding building projects can typically lead to major prolongation of programme, however, these different construction results could be mitigated at least to a certain extent by introducing appropriate changes to the role of project team.