• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.288-293
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gait training using functional electrical stimulation on the improvement of hemiplegic patients' functions for balance and gait velocity. The subjects of the experiment were determined to be 10 each hemiplegic patients who had been diagnosed with stroke or brain damage six months or longer earlier assigned to an experimental group and a control group respectively. The subjects were evaluated before the experiment using Tetrax and 10M gait tests, received gait training five times a week for four weeks using functional electrical stimulation and were evaluated after the experiment in the same method as used in the evaluation before the experiment. In order to examine differences between the experimental group that received gait training using functional electrical stimulation and the control group that was treated by functional electrical stimulation and received gait training thereafter, differences between before and after the experiment were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and differences in changes after the experiment between the experimental group and the control group were analyzed using independent sample t-tests in order to compare the two groups with each other. Experimental results showed significant differences in weight bearing, balance and gait velocity between before and after the experiment in the experimental group(p<.05). In the control group, whereas weight bearing and gait velocity did not show any significant difference between before and after the experiment(p>.05), balance showed significant differences(p<.05). Weight bearing, balance and gait velocity change rates showed significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In conclusion, it was indicated that gait training using functional electrical stimulation is effective for enhancing stroke patients' weight bearing rates, balance abilities and gait velocity.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1547-1552
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• 2008

The tip of these catheter with straight needles is not able to reach in the vicinity of the disc bulging, which are the cause of the low back pain and because the far indirect radio-frequency treatment results in the decompression, the nucleoplasty has the limit. Many incurable diseases has not been solved due to the unexistence of the advanced technique for the MIS human body catheter device. To increase the possibility of nucleoplasty, the needle tip should be located at the closest area of the lesion. For this reason, the best way to increase the success rate of the operation is that the needle tip should access 3-dimensionally to the operating field as soon as possible. To achieve this aim, our studies are restricted as follows: 1) the SMA catheter design to control the 3-dimensional direction, 2) the security of the immediate response by the positive control of the SMA element thermal distribution using Peltier thermoelectric elements, 3) the aquisition of the control data by monitoring the relationship between the temperature of SMA element and the displacement, and 4) the design of the controller to guarantee the accurate location.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how a manual therapy (joint mobilization and flexion-distraction technique) would affect pain and function with the chronic low back pain. Methods: Thirty patients were assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Patients in the experimental group performed joint mobilization and flexion-distraction technique. Patients in the control group performed spinal decompression therapy. Both exercises were performed for three days per week, for a period of six weeks. Pain was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional disability was measured using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). A paired t-test was used for identify differences before and after treatment, and an independent t-test was used to identify differences between treatment groups. Results: In the within group comparison, the experimental group and control group differed significantly for all variables (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in any variables between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The above results confirmed that it is necessary to confirm the various benefits of therapy with the joint mobilization and the flexion-distraction technique. The findings of the concerned study will be useful to doctors applying therapy to treat patients with the chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1972

Recently we experienced a case of the portal hypertension, extrahepatlc origin in the National Medical Center, Seoul. The case was a male aged 19 who was undergone the elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy 9 years ago and emergency ligation of the coronary vein because of recurred variceal rupture 6 years later and had recurring esophageal varices with bleeding this time.At the age of 10 he had been occasionally suffering from nasal bleeding and visited to our Pediatric department, when there was encountered for the first time the splenomegaly, esophageal varices in the lower third esophagus on the esophagogram, and stenosis and kinking of the portal vein with rich collateral circulation on the splenoportography without hepatic functional impairment.The elective splenorenal shunt with splenectomy was undergone under the diagnosis of portal hypertension due to congenital anomaly of the portal vein and postoperatlvely no troubles had been obtained until postoperative 1st attack of massive hematemesis due to esophagenl variceal rupture recurred about 6 years later which was confirmed by control esophagogram and it was resulted by stenosis of previous anastomotic site of the splenorenal shunt.Then emergency ligation of the coronary vein was only made for bleeding control and no episodes of hematemesis had been encountered thereafter until April 1972 about 3 years after the 2nd operation, when hematemesis recurred again. In this time, recurring esophageal varices were noted in the lower third esophagus on the control esophagogram and he was employed side to end mesocaval shunt as the final step of portal decompression,and following results were obtained. 1] No postoperatlve troubles as leg edema or pain: Postoperatively leg elevation and elastic bandage on the both legs were employed until discharge. 2] During operation the portal pressure was 300 mm $H_2O$ and immediately lowered to 170 mm $H_2O$ after shunt.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.378-383
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• 2007

As the Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is developed, an interventional procedure becomes the major of the spine surgery in the world. Despite of the use of the expensive medical equipments, the success chance of the nucleoplasty is about 30%. The reason is that the shape of the cannular needle is similar to that of the conventional injector and looks like the straight. Because the tip of these straight needles is not able to reach in the vicinity of the disc bulging or the protrusion, which are the cause of the low back pain and because the far indirect plasma discharge results in the decompression, the nucleoplasty has the limit. Many incurable diseases has not been solved due to the unexistence of the advanced technique for the MIS human body cannula device. If 3-D direction controllable cannular catheter (whose direction is accurately controlled after inserting into the bodies to cure the lesion) is developed, it is expected that new devised cannular catheter can cure many incurable diseases simultaneously. Therefore, the aims of this research are to develop the new devised cannular catheter of SMA direction controller for the medical situation, which has been produced through many previous trial-error procedures, and to produce the commercial medical device.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.271-274
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• 1996

Epidural hematoma during anticoagulant therapy is a rare complication of central neural blockade, but it may result in serious neurologic sequelae. A 61-year-old male receiving warfarin due to heart failure was referred to the pain clinic for control of severe herpetic neuralgia. Epidural catheterization was done at $T_{8-9}$ interspace. At that time, PT and aPTT were extremely prolonged. The next morning, severe back pain, motor paralysis and urinary difficulty developed. On spine MRI, epidural hematoma was detected at $T_{8-9}$ interspace. Four days later, he died due to underlying diseases. Central neural blockade in patient with anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated in most cases. If is undertaken, close observation of patients's neurologic functions and monitoring of coagulation profiles(PT, aPTT, etc) are necessary. If epidural hematoma develops, early surgical decompression is mandatory.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.633-639
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• 2022

Accurate diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the starting point for optimal treatment. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is currently regarded as one of the first-line treatment options for medically refractory TN. GKRS is a less invasive treatment with a low risk of complications than other surgical procedures that provides a favorable pain control Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) I-IIIb rate of >75% at short-term follow-up. Drawbacks of GKRS include the latency period before pain relief and higher recurrence rate compared with microvascular decompression. Therefore, repeat treatment is necessary if the initial GKRS was effective but followed by recurrence. The concept of dose rate and the biologically effective dose of radiation has been actively studied in radiation oncology and is also applied in GKRS for TN to achieve high safety and efficacy by prescribing the optimal dose. Recent progress in functional imaging, such as diffusion tensor imaging, enables us to understand the pathophysiology of TN and predict the clinical outcome after GKRS. Here, we review TN, GKRS, and recent updates, especially in the concepts of radiation dose, diffusion tensor imaging studies, and repeat treatment in GKRS for TN.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 1975

In order to determine the influence of low atmospheric pressure on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLDH) activities of rats, blood samples were collected from laboratory-conditioned male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain which were randomly grouped into control and the experimental subjected to a series of one hour-exposure a day to low atmospheric pressure of 500 and 380mmHg up to the the time of 15 day. Results obtained indicated that decompression caused marked alterations in SGOT and SLDH levels when compared to that of the control. The trend of increases or decreases in these enzyme levels were similar in both 500 and 380mmHg exposed rats although the changes were greater in the latter group. Thus, generally all the experimental rats showed temporary steady state to low atmospheric pressure. Changes in enzymatic contents depended on the intensity and extent of the environmental stress under study. The lower the atmospheric pressure the greater is the effect on these serum enzyme levels.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of meridian acupressure for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia. This study used a qusai experimental, nonequivalent control group post test only design. This subject were 44 patients, 22 for the experimental and 22 for the control group, who were admitted at KyungHee University hospital, neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation who having microvascular decompression and laminectomy. Date were collected from May 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001 by auscultation, self report and by using 7 point face scale. The recovery of bowel sound were measured every 4 hours until gas out for 1 minute auscultation on lower abdomen after 4 hours having surgery. The time of gas out were measured by self report, the severity of nausea were measured every 4 hours for 7 point face scale and also the degree of satisfaction of nursing care were measured after 2 days having surgery with same scale. Data were analyzed with $X^2$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time the recovery of bowel sound after having surgery than control group(t=-5.112, p=.0001). 2. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time of gas after having surgery than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001) 3. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed decreased level of nausea score according to time interval than control group(F=21.995, p=.0001). 4. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed higher the degree of satisfaction of nursing care than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001). These finding indicate that a meridian acupressure could be a effective nursing intervention for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

In this study, L. plantarum, when reacting with the culture media of potential pathogenic bacteria, exhibited an increase in growth rate and antimicrobial activity. In order to examine the characteristics and the nature of the reaction with the bacteria, this study carried out experiments involving culturing the test bacteria in M9 minimal media. Subsequently, the supernatant was incrassated by the decompression-drying method. Through colony forming unit assay, it was confirmed that L. plantarum had the function of growth inhibition to various bacteria. After culturing L. plantarum with bacterial media, the growth rate of L. plantarum was measured by absorbance (OD₆₀₀), the results showed that the growth rate (E. coli treatment group: OD₆₀₀ = 0.848, S. typhimurium treatment group: OD₆₀₀ = 0.848) increased, as compared with the non-treated control group (OD₆₀₀ = 0.48). In contrast, the concentrate itself did not induce the growth of L. plantarum. These results were observed as a universal phenomenon of the Lactobacillus species. Moreover, the increase in antimicrobial activity was observed in L. plantarum, which reacted with the culture media of E. coli and S. typhimurium, through a disc diffusion assay, and the result of growth inhibition against various bacteria was induced. Finally, based on the analysis results of the characteristics of bacteria culture media, which increased the growth rate of L. plantarum and antibacterial activity, the bacterial media had a tolerance for catabolic enzymes, pH 2−8 and heat. Therefore, this substance can be said to be a small molecule which is highly stable under various conditions.