• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.186-191
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• 2023

Data processing techniques play a critical role in decision-making, including handling missing and outlier data, prediction, and recommendation models. This requires a clear explanation of the validity, reliability, and accuracy of all processes and results. In addition, it is necessary to solve data problems through explainable models using decision trees, inference, etc., and proceed with model lightweight by considering various types of learning. The multi-layer mining classification method that applies the sixth principle is a method that discovers multidimensional relationships between variables and attributes that occur frequently in transactions after data preprocessing. This explains how to discover significant relationships using mining on transactions and model the data through regression analysis. It develops scalable models and logistic regression models and proposes mining techniques to generate class labels through data cleansing, relevance analysis, data transformation, and data augmentation to make explanatory decisions.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

This article reviews recent advances and perspectives in neuroscience related to consciousness, cognition, and neural networks in the brain. The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes, such as perception, attention, memory, and decision-making, are explored. The article also examines how these processes give rise to our experience of consciousness. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the brain and its functions are presented, as well as potential applications of this knowledge in fields such as medicine, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Additionally, the article explores the concept of a quantum viewpoint concerning consciousness, cognition, and creativity and how incorporating DNA as a key element could reconcile classical and quantum perspectives on human behaviour, consciousness, and cognition, as explained by genomic psychological theory. Furthermore, the article explains how the human brain processes external stimuli through the sensory nervous system and how it can be simulated using an artificial neural network (ANN) consisting of one input layer, multiple hidden layers, and an output layer. The law of learning is also discussed, explaining how ANNs work and how the modification of weight values affects the output and input values. The article concludes with a discussion of future research directions in this field, highlighting the potential for further discoveries and advancements in our understanding of the brain and its functions.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.65-83
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• 2004

Keen competence in business environments induces companies to introduce Supply Chain Management (SCM), which is accelerated by emerging information technology. Consequently, supply chain integration requires interacting and information sharing among the companies participating in the supply chain. Web services, platform independent technologies, are recently used for SCM. However, web services themselves do not provide high level supply chain integration. Therefore, the ways to control and manage global processes over supply chain need to be developed. In this paper, we introduce a method of executing and managing supply chain process using Business Process Management (BPM) system. BPM system is a software system to support an efficient execution and management of complex business processes, and it is applied to supply chain processes . The supply chain processes can be regarded network of activities, each of which is served as web service and related to one of the participants. Our approach enables not only efficient managing but also effective monitoring of the process, which can be a good basis for improvement of the processes. For a speedy execution of processes, we provide a method to support decision making in course of executing process by software agents, which are also web services.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.5-35
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• 2020

This article purposes to investigate opening process of the 21st National Assembly in the middle of severe conflicts between two major-parties, and predict the changes it will bring to the operation of the National Assembly. With incumbent party's taking all leadership positions of standing committees, it broke the practice since 13th National Assembly, that is, distribution of the standing committees based on the seat-ratio. It means that our National Assembly has entered a new phase in the decision-making process. While the incumbent party, with overwhelming victory in general election, emphasizes that it should dominate legislative process to support the government, the out-party claims that they should take leverage to check over government. Two opposing trends are characteristically observed in the operation of the Korean National Assembly. First of all, due to the experience under authoritarian regimes, the National Assembly has been institutionalizing decision-making processes in the direction of enforcing cooperation between parties. On the other hand, the polarization in political parties has been stronger, making it difficult to reach consensus between parties. This article claims strongly that the 21st National Assembly need to find a balance amid such two-conflicting trends. To do so, three necessary conditions are proposed: observing decision-making procedures, securing diversity within party and National Assembly, and deliberative legislative activities.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.338-355
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• 2022

This study explored the effects of pre-service elementary teachers' inquiries into science class dilemmas. By closely examining the characteristics of the pre-service teachers' inquiry processes and changes in their educational decisions, the effectiveness of using dilemmas as part of teacher education was determined. Twenty fourth-year university pre-service teachers participated and conducted inquiries into science class dilemmas over seven weeks. Based on pre- and post-questionnaires, KWHL tables, inquiry reports, discussions, and group class presentations, the major factors that influence the pre-service teacher's decision-making changes were extracted. The pre-service teachers found the science inquiry process meaningful when exploring the science topics covered in the dilemmas, and claimed that elementary school students would be able to engage in meaningful science explorations if they learned science through inquiry. Furthermore, the pre-service teachers explored the thinking processes and background knowledge of the students in different ways. Documents such as teacher's guides and the curriculum were examined and the students' thought processes were identified through interviews with the teachers and students, which were found to reflect their educational decision-making. Moreover, it was recognized by the pre-service teachers that depending on the situation, alternative teaching methods were possible. The focus on the unstructured dilemma problems provided the pre-service teachers with problem-solving situations that triggered scientific inquiry and exploration of student thinking and revealed the complexity of science teaching and learning. Based on these results, the teacher education implications for using dilemma cases are discussed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.725-731
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• 2009

Construction documents are recognized as an essential component for making a decision and supporting on construction processes. In construction, the management of project document is a complex process due to different factors such as document types, stakeholder involvement, document flow, and document flow processes. Therefore, inappropriate management of project documents can cause several impacts on construction work processes such as delay or poor quality of work. Several information and communication technologies (ICT) were proposed to overcome problems concerning document management practice in construction projects. However, the adoption of ICT may have some limitation on the compatibility of specific document workflow. Lack of understanding on designing document system may cause many problems during the use and implementation phase. Thus, this paper proposes the framework that integrates Soft System Methodology (SSM) concept and Integrated Definition Modeling Technique (IDEF) for analyzing document management system in construction project. Research methodology is classified as the case study. Five main construction building projects are selected as case studies. The qualitative data related to problems and processes are collected by interviewing construction project participants such as main contractors, owners, consultants, and designers. The findings from case study show the benefits of using SSM and IDEF. The use of SSM can help identify the problems in managing construction document in rich picture view whereas IDEF can illustrate the document flow in construction project in details. In addition, the idea of integrating these two concepts can be used to identify the root causes of process problems at the information level. As the results, this idea can be applied to analyze and design web-based document management system in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

Recently, a combination of Business Process Management (BPM) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is being recommended as the best approach for automating large business systems. And the need to create meaningful information from daily operational data is increased today. In this paper, we propose a methodology for automating business processes based on the BPM-SOA convergence trend and verify the methodology by implementing the project management business process. BPM-SOA convergence provides higher extensibility and productivity due to the loosely coupled system construction and maintenance. The system has good properties for frequent process changes and reuse of duplicate processes. We then analyze extensibility of the system as new business processes are added to the existing system. We finally analyze the data generated by BPM by using SAP business intelligence to support management's decision making and strategy. Business intelligence provides not only useful data for business decisions but also chance to optimize the business processes.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out primary policies for reducing PM(particulate matter) as well as for improving the quality of life. Serious particulate matters cause to diverse healthcare and economy problems including business transactions. Unfortunately, until recently there are very few researches regarding the decision-making process for particulate matter policies. This study has applied the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to develop cooperative policy making processes. The upper layer of this hierarchy analysis consists of four parts, i.e., transportation, production facility, living environment, and urban planning management. And each upper layer parts has their own three policies. 25 experts including policy-makers, academic researchers and industrial specialists have decided the primary policies and directions. The most significant PM policy is the mandatory reduction of air pollution and suspension of factory operation in the production industry. The results of this study can lead to guidelines for making environmental policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.357-367
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• 1997

The success of apparel goods mainly depends on the purchase behavior of end use consumers. The decision making processes of apparel merchandise are very complicated according to the many information cues available to the consumers. The country-of-origin is one of the extrinsic cues to affect the consumers 'decision. To study the effect of country -of-origin, the Polo style knit shirts were chosen as stimuli to the male and the female subjects (total 527) aged from 18 to 35. The identical nine shirts (3 countries$\times$3 levels of price) were carefully manipulated for the treatments. The three countries labelled are Italy as industrialized country, China as less developed one, and Korea. In addition to the country-of -origin, the prices of the shirts were exposed to the respondents. The price levels were 14,000 won for the low, 39,000 won for the moderate, and 64,000 won for the high price level. The findings were as follows: 1) As price was increased, the perceived value and purchase intention were decresed. Price was not statistically significant to perceived quality, but it was significant to perceived value and willingness to buy. 2) The merchandise of "Made in Italy" was evaluated higher than those of "Made in Korea" and "Made in China" The country-of-origin had statistically significant influences on the perceived quality, perceived value and also willingness to buy. 3) The interaction between the two factors, country-of-origin and price, was not observed.n and price, was not observed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2014

Purpose - This study primarily aims to represent the current trend of research on CPFR as a promising supply chain collaboration program and proposes a new framework for analyzing any collaboration programs in terms of three key collaborative features. Research design, data, and methodology - This study employs a literature review of selected studies that conduct research on CPFR. CPFR is analyzed based on the proposed framework that characterizes collaboration programs in terms of three key collaborative features. Results - The analysis based on the proposed framework reveals that the current form of CPFR continues to have some collaborative features that are not fully utilized to create an advanced collaboration program. The literature review indicates that most past studies ignore critical issues including the dynamic nature of the multiple-stage supply chain system and negotiation process for collaborative agreement in CPFR implementation. Conclusions - Results indicate that CPFR can become a better supply chain collaboration program by incorporating coordinative cost payment and joint decision making processes. Based on observations on the existing literature of CPFR, this study indicates several important issues to be addressed by future studies.