• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 2010

Contarinia maculipennis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)는 동남아시아가 원산인 해충으로 일본, 미국, 하와이에 분포하는 종이며 최근 일본, 미국, 네델란드에서는 태국으로부터 수입된 양란에서 발생이 보고되고 있다. 우리니라에서는 발생시 채소 및 관상식물 등에 피해를 유발할 것으로 예상되어 현재 식물방역법상 관리해충으로 지정되어 있다. 국내에서는 2000년 중반을 전후하여 비공식적으로 양란에서 유사증세가 발생한다는 보고가 있어 왔고 2007년에서야 공식적으로 C. maculipennis의 발생에 의한 피해로 확인되어 양란혹파리로 명명하였다. 이후 덴파레 농가를 중심으로 양란혹파리 발생 피해가 주기적으로 확인되었는데, 이번 조사는 2008~2009년 동안 덴파레를 중심으로 한 양란재배 농가를 대상으로 양란혹파리의 발생과 피해를 집중적으로 조사하였고 위 결과를 근거로 향후 합리적인 방제 대책 수립을 위한 기초를 확립하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2012

Mercury is a toxic and non-essential metal in the human body. Mercury is ubiquitously distributed in the environment, present in natural products, and exists extensively in items encountered in daily life. There are three forms of mercury, i.e., elemental (or metallic) mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds. This review examines the toxicity of elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds. Inorganic mercury compounds are water soluble with a bioavailability of 7% to 15% after ingestion; they are also irritants and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Upon entering the body, inorganic mercury compounds are accumulated mainly in the kidneys and produce kidney damage. In contrast, human exposure to elemental mercury is mainly by inhalation, followed by rapid absorption and distribution in all major organs. Elemental mercury from ingestion is poorly absorbed with a bioavailability of less than 0.01%. The primary target organs of elemental mercury are the brain and kidney. Elemental mercury is lipid soluble and can cross the blood-brain barrier, while inorganic mercury compounds are not lipid soluble, rendering them unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Elemental mercury may also enter the brain from the nasal cavity through the olfactory pathway. The blood mercury is a useful biomarker after short-term and high-level exposure, whereas the urine mercury is the ideal biomarker for long-term exposure to both elemental and inorganic mercury, and also as a good indicator of body burden. This review discusses the common sources of mercury exposure, skin lightening products containing mercury and mercury release from dental amalgam filling, two issues that happen in daily life, bear significant public health importance, and yet undergo extensive debate on their safety.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2013

Purpose: Number of arthroscopic surgery is gradually increasing with development of its equipment and technique. Arthroscopic ankle surgery performed with the traction device has various complications and need more time for preparation. We investigated whether the complication rate increased when surgery was performed without the traction device, and compared the complication rate of arthroscopic surgery with the traction device. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to June 2012, arthroscopic ankle surgery was performed without the traction device in four hundred eleven cases. There were two hundred sixty-one males and one hundred fifty females. The average age at operation was 35 years (range, 17-56), and the average follow up period was 28 months (range, 12-41). Postoperative symptoms and complications were checked. Results: There were difficulties performing arthroscopic surgery without the traction device in five cases with severe traumatic osteoarthritis. However, after burring and shaving, we had enough space to work on. Superficial peroneal nerve symptom was found in two cases, grooving of talus was found in 11, and saphenous vein injury was found in five. Since preparing for the traction device was unnecessary, we were able to save time with the mean duration of surgery of 50 minutes (range, 30-120). Conclusion: With only manual traction, we could explore the entire ankle joint without damage on cartilage. Yet, skilled arthroscopic technique will be necessary for arthroscopic surgery without the traction device.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

This study utilized Corpus-based Analysis process to compare the Cold Pathogen chapter in the 'English version of "Donguibogam"' to the 'English version of the "Shanghanlun"' translated by 罗希文 (Luo xi wen). Results of the linguistic analysis indicate that TTR, a ratio of number of types to number of tokens in the English version of "Shanghanlun" was 5.92% while TTR in the Cold pathogen chapter of English version of "Donguibogam" was 6.01%. It was also noted that the types of words frequently appearing in the two publications were the scientific name of medicinal herbs; the method of producing the herbal prescription (including terminology representing weights and measures); and Chinese descriptions of concepts considered important in both Korean and Chinese medicinal practices. Finally, it was possible to find points of comparison in naming of symptoms, diagnosis, prescriptions, and respective names of six meridians. Though the language difference is minimal, the vocabulary found in the Cold Pathogen chapter of "Donguibogam" was more diverse than Luo's translation of "Sanghanlun". In general, literal translation in keeping with the sense of original text was better performed in Luo's translation of the "Sanghanlun" whereas the English version of the Cold Pathogen chapter in the "Donguibogam" was more of a "free" translation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

$Na^+/H^+$ exchangers (NHEs) have been shown to be involved in regulating cell volume and maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Pooled evidences have suggested that loss of $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) impairs intestinal mucosa. Whether NHE8 participates in the pathology of infectious colitis is still unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that somatostatin (SST) could stimulate the expression of intestinal NHE8 so as to facilitate $Na^+$ absorption under normal condition. This study further explored whether NHE8 participates in the pathological processes of infectious colitis and the effects of SST on intestinal NHE8 expression in the setting of infectious colitis. Our data showed that NHE8 expression was reduced in Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infected mice. Up-regulation of NHE8 improved diarrhea symptom and mucosal damage induced by CR. In vitro, a similar observation was also seen in Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infected Caco-2 cells. Seglitide, a SST receptor (SSTR) 2 agonist, partly reversed the inhibiting action of EPEC on NHE8 expression, but SSTR5 agonist (L-817,818) had no effect on the expression of NHE8. Moreover, SST blocked the phosphorylation of p38 in EPEC-infected Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that enhancement of intestinal NHE8 expression by SST could ameliorate the symptoms of mice with infectious colitis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권3호통권134호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2003

The effects of chelidonine, a benzophenanthridine isoquinoline alkaloid, on L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. The treatment of PC12 cells with chelidonine $(1-4\;{\mu}M)$ decreased dopamine content in a dose-dependent manner (30.2% inhibition at $4\;{\mu}M)$. Chelidonine was not cytotoxic up to $4\;{\mu}M)$. However, chelidonine at concentrations higher than $5\;{\mu}M$ caused a cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. L-DOPA at concentrations higher than $50\;{\mu}M$ led to cell damage by oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Chelidonine at non-cytotoxic concentration ranges of $1-4{\mu}M$ aggravated L- DOPA $(20-50\;{\mu}M)$-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The L-DOPA-induced cytotocxicity was synergistically stimulated by chelidonine at concentrations grader than $5\;{\mu}M$. These data demonstrate that chelidonine exacerbates L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is proposed that the long-term L-DOPA therapeutic patients with chelidonine may need to be checked for the adverse symptoms.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN) is exceedingly rare nerve anomaly that is associated with developmentally aberrant subclavian artery. The presence of NRLN is associated with an increased risk of vocal cord palsy in thyroid surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate its prevalence, associated vascular anomaly and necessity of recognizing its possibility for prevention of intraoperative nerve damage. Materials and Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2006, 583 thyroidectomy were performed at our hospital. Of these cases, 529 cases(90.7%) were checked preoperative neck CT. Results: Patients with preopreative neck CT, 6 cases show the retroesophageal abberant right subclavian artery that arising directly form the aortic arch. 5 cases of these 6 cases(5/6, 83.3%) and of 583 patients(5/583, 0.8%) performed thyroid surgery were identified NRLN per-operatively. All of them are identified on the right side. There were 4 women and 1 man. In all cases, there were no clinical symptoms. I case was performed only left hemithyroidectomy, so we cannot identified NRLN. No vocal cord palsy was observed. Conclusion: It is possible to predict NRLN from preoperative neck CT. When NRLN is suspected, careful, complete dissection of the nerve is always advocated. These process can reduce the operative morbidity.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

배나무잎검은점병에 대한 종합방제 대책을 수립하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 배 생산단지로부터 무독모수를 선발하기 위해서 본 병에 대한 감염 여부를 검정한 결과, 배나무잎검은점병이 발생하지 않는 6주를 확인하였다. 본 바이러스는 $40/32^{\circ}C$에서 3주간, $37/30^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 변온처리에 의해서 무독화가 가능하였으나 신초의 활착률이 매우 낮았다. 본 바이러스를 접종하여 병징이 발현하는 품종은 신고 등 7품종이었고, 발현하지 않는 품종은 수황배등 11종이었다. 품질이 우수한 저항성 품종인 수황배를 배나무잎검은점병이 발생하고 있는 신고 배나무에 고접한 결과 배나무잎검은점병이 전혀 발생하지 않았다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.165-179
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• 2014

Objectives To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Hyangsayangwi-tang (HY), a Korean traditional medicinal prescription in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods Four groups(each of 10 mouse per group) were used in this study. The neuroprotective effect of HY was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mouse treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. Slow behavioral responses and memory disorder is the major clinical symptoms of PD. In order to investigate the effect of HY on recovery of behavioral deficits and memory, we examined the motor function and memory by using Morris water maze and Forced swimming test. Ischemic mouse brain stained with TTC(2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease to find out ischemia and tissue damage in mouse. The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of neurotransmitters in MPTP-HY group. To measure the amount of dopamine in mice brain, striatum-substantia nigra, was examined by Bradford assay. Immunohistochemistry was examined in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Hyangsayangwi-tang on hippocampal lesion, ST and SNpc. Results and Conclusions Hyangsayangwi-tang (HY) prevents MPTP-induced loss of serotonin, hippocampus and TH-ir cell.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

Postoperative ileus (POI), a symptom that occurs after abdominal surgery, reduces gastrointestinal motility. Although its mechanism is unclear, POI symptoms are known to be caused by inflammation 6 to 72 h after surgery. As proton pump inhibitors exhibit protective effect against acute inflammation, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ilaprazole on a POI rat model. POI was induced in rats by abdominal surgery. Rats were divided into six groups: control: normal rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, vehicle: POI rat + 0.5% CMC-Na, mosapride: POI rat + mosapride 2 mg/kg, ilaprazole 1 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 1 mg/kg, ilaprazole 3 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 3 mg/kg, and ilaprazole 10 mg/kg: POI rat + ilaprazole 10 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal motility was confirmed by measuring gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT). In the small intestine, inflammation was confirmed by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β; oxidative stress was confirmed by SOD, GSH, and MDA levels; and histological changes were observed by H&E staining. Based on the findings, GE and GIT were decreased in the vehicle group and improved in the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group. In the ilaprazole 10 mg/kg group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were decreased, SOD and GSH levels were increased, and MDA levels were decreased. Histological damage was also reduced in the ilaprazole-treated groups. These findings suggest that ilaprazole prevents the decrease in gastrointestinal motility, a major symptom of postoperative ileus, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.