• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2009

Duck egg white (DEW) hydrolysates were prepared by five enzymes (papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alcalase, and flavourzyme) and their antioxidant activities investigated in this study. DEW hydrolyzed with papain (DEWHP) had the highest peptide content among the five enzymatic treatments. Besides, the peptide content of DEWHP increased when the enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S ratio) increased. It was suggested that higher E/S ratio contributed to elevate the degree of hydrolysis of DEW effectively. Similar results were also obtained by Tricine-SDS-PAGE. In addition, SDS-PAGE patterns indicated papain was the only one amongst all enzymes with the ability to hydrolyze DEW. In antioxidant properties, DEWHP showed more than 70% of inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and superoxide anion scavenging. Moreover, the $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect of DEWHP was greater than 90%, while no significant difference was observed in DPPH radical scavenging and reducing ability. The results of peptide contents, antioxidant activities and electrophoresis suggested that the higher the peptide content, the stronger the antioxidant activities in DEWHP.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the anti oxidative activities of Petasites japonicus against oxidative stress in bovine brain tissue. Petasites japonicus is found with a relatively widespread distribution, and is cultivated as a culinary vegetable in Korea. Petasites japonicus samples were dried either by freeze-drying or by hot air-convection drying ($80^{\circ}C$), then evaluated for their anti oxidative activity by measuring 1-dipheny-1,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and by measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in brain homogenates subjected to $Fe^{2+}$-mediated lipids with or without the addition of botanical extract. Hot air convection-drying resulted in a slight increase in the extraction yield as compared with freeze-drying. However, total phenol and flavonoid contents in freeze-dried Petasites japonicas were significantly higher than those of hot air convection-drying. Freeze-drying increased the free radical scavenging activity of Petasites japonicas, leaves, and stems by 52.6, 28.6, and 248.0%, as compared with hot air convection-drying. Additionally, the $IC_{50}$ values measured by TBARS in hot air convection-dried Petasites japonicas, leaves, and stems were increased by 36.0, 31.6, and 15.9%, as compared to those of freeze-drying. Although anti oxidative activity was reduced slightly by heat processing in Petasites japonicas, freeze-drying for each portion of Petasites japonicus was the most appropriate for use as a functional food and pharmaceutical material.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2010

Caesalpinia sappan L. has long been commonly used in oriental folk medicines and as dyes materials. To investigate the antioxidative activities and antiproliferation effects of brazilin from C. sappan heart wood, the MeOH soluble extract was successively fractionated by using hexane, $CHCl_{3}$, EtOAc, BuOH, MeOH, and $H_{2}O$. In these fractions, we were purified brazilin from EtOAc fraction which partitioned to 3.94% of the highest yields. The effects of brazilin and the extracts on human oral carcinoma cells (KB) by MTT assay and their antioxidant activities by DPPH, TCA assay and Fenton reaction were tested. The results showed that the brazilin could inhibits the proliferation of KB cells and obviously decreased the production of nitric oxide of the cells. When the concentration of the brazilin reached to $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, the inhibition percentage of the cell growth was about 60%. In assay on antioxidant activities, The results showed that brazilin exhibit the highest capacity of DPPH free radical scavenging effects among tested extracts. When the concentration of brazilin reached to 1 mg/ml, the lipid peroxide inhibition and radical inhibition activities were determined to be 65.0% and 85.8%, respectively. These results are suggest that brazilin have stronger antiproliferation effect on KB cell and antioxidant properties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.879-887
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• 2021

This study was carried out for elucidating bioacive properties of three domestic tomato cultivars. Total polyphenol and flavonoid of Rafito, Momotaro and Medison were 10.44±1.84, 11.14±1.95, 12.26±1.82 and 3.62±0.57, 3.24±0.35, 3.87±0.60 mg/g(dry weight) respectively. Domestic tomatoes showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. All of tomatoes had no cytotoxicity for normal liver cell, but showed remarkable growth inhibitory effect against cervical cancer cell and liver cancer cell. These results suggested that domestic tomatoes can be used as a bioactive food material.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 2011

In this studies, contents and activities of antioxidative substances in the fruits of a pear cultivar and five Korean wild pear lines were investigated. The content of total phenolic compounds was highest with Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta "Shingo" (7.68 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.) while total flavonoids was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula (5.66 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.). The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids varied according to plant species, but in general pyrifolia lines had higher total polyphenols than total flavonoids whereas in ussuriensis lines total flavonoid contents were higher than total polyphenols. The scavenging effects of DDPH radicals was highest with highest with P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis ($RC_{50}$=1.45 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and that of ABTS radicals was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula ($RC_{50}$=0.69 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). A pear cultivar "Shingo" showed highest total polyphenol content, but scavenging activity of DDPH and ABTS radicals was lowest. The fruits of P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis contained low level of phenolic compounds, but their scavenging effects on two radicals was superior. Ferrous ion chelating effect was high in P. pyrifolia var. culta (98.93%), and in P. ussuriensis var. sinensis (68.71%), but two species had low scavenging activity. The content of phenolic compounds in wild pears was not always directly proportional to the radical scavenging activity. Neither radical scavenging activity was to ferrous ion chelating activity. In conclusion the fruits of P. ussuriensis var. acidula, P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis, and P. ussuriensis var. sinensis had great potential for the development of new antioxidative functional food because their antioxidative activity is higher or at least similar to P. pyrifolia var. culta. However, due to their different levels of antioxidative effects, the development of methods of using them jointly, not singly, to obtain maximum level of antioxidants is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2009

Antioxidative, antimicrobial activities and Raw 264.7 cell viability as cytotoxicity of various solvent extracts from leaf of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. dried by different methods were investigated for processing as functional ingredient. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, RLE (80% EtOH extract of raw leaf) and FLE (80% EtOH extract of freeze-dried leaf) exhibited strong scavenging effect on $300{\mu}M$ DPPH radical solution (1.71 mg/mL and 2.11 mg/mL for RLE $SC_{50}$ and FLE $SC_{50}$). Also in nitric oxide scavenging activity, RLE and FLE showed strong activities (83.9% and 82.2% in 5 mg/mL sample concentration). Total phenolic compound contents of each extracts were found to be $73.7{\sim}215.4$ mg/g and RLE was showed the highest phenolic compound content. Also, total flavonoid contents were found to be $24.85{\sim}110.3$ mg/g and RLE was showed the highest flavonoid content. In antimicrobial activity, RLE was showed higher growth inhibition effect against all microbial strains. RLE, RLW (hot water extract of raw leaf), and FLW (hot water extract of freeze-dried leaf) exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against MRSA and S. aureus. In measurement of cytotoxicity by MTT assay, Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 80% EtOH extracts showed better effect than water extracts. Especially viability of RLE was found be over 100% in every tested sample concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.793-799
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the antioxidative effect and nitrite scavenging ability of extract from Acanthopanax cortex shoot. The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of extract from Acanthopanax corex shoot were $116.33{\pm}6.09mg\;GAE/g$ and $65.07{\pm}4.10mg\;RE/g$, respectively. Antioxidative activities were measured by various in vitro models such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, reducing power, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ORAC assay. This results showed that the extract of Acanthopanax cortex shoot was effective in scavenging radicals and protecting oxidation when assessed various in vitro systems. Similarly, the nitrite scavenging ability of extract was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ORAC value at a concentration of $0.1mg/m{\ell}$ was $103.4{\pm}5.6{\mu}M\;TE/g$. Considering high consumer demand beneficial health effects, Acanthopanax cortex shoot can be utilized to develop functional food health-promoting and natural antioxidant agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2011

In this study, to evaluate the antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides, we performed the free radical scavenging assay, ROS inhibition assay and TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) assay. Also, we studied physiological activity of kaempferol and its rhamnosides (${\alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitn) by structure-activity relations. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities were determined with kaempferol (62.5 ${\mu}M$) and ${\alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin (50.0 ${\mu}M$) but afzelin and kaempferitrin did not show free radical scavenging activities. Kaempferol showed a 97.5, 57.8, 47.8 % inhibition of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generated at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ${\mu}M$, compared to control (100 %). ${\alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin showed a 93.1, 59.1 and 41.4 % inhibition of ROS at the same concentration. We investigated the inhibitory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides on TARC expression. Kaempferol showed a 48.8, 5.5 and 4.4 % inhibition of TARC generated at 10, 50 and 100 ${\mu}M$, compared to control. ${\alpha}$-Rhamnoisorobin showed a 88.1, 19.0 and 1.0 % inhibition of TARC generated at the same concentration. In conclusion, these results indicate that kaempferol and ${\alpha}$-rhamnoisorobin have good antioxidative activities and anti-inflammatory effects that could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for anti-aging and anti-inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1893-1898
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• 2013

Seaweeds, laver, sea mustard, kelp, and fusiformis, were prepared and investigated for its antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. The extracts yield, color, total phenolic contents, antioxidative activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of the extract samples were measured. Hunter Lightness values of laver, sea mustard, kelp, and fusiformis extracts were 82.88, 78.53, 83.04, and 78.11, respectively. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the seaweed extracts powder, laver, sea mustard, kelp, and fusiformis were 43.23, 11.59, 10.09, and 46.59 mg/g of sample, respectively. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the fusiformis extract was shown to be the highest value compared with other seaweed extracts. 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of laver, sea mustard, kelp, and fusiformis extracts were 258.00, 219.26, 95.77, and $1186.62{\mu}mol$ trolox equivalence per gram, respectively, at the 1,000 ppm level. TBARS value of oil emulsion, samples without extracts was higher than those of the samples prepared with laver and sea mustard extracts. The inhibition rates (%) of the mushroom tyrosinase of laver, sea mustard, kelp, and fusiformis extracts powder were 25.93, 26.32, 24.76 and 20.24% at 1,000 ppm, respectively. The results indicated that laver, sea mustard, kelp and fusiformis extracts possess biological activities such as antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2018

Millettia erythrocalyx, a species of plant in the Fabaceae family, is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, such as the Indies, China, and Thailand. The antiviral activity of flavonoids from M. erythrocalyx has been reported; however, the antioxidative and anticancer activities of M. erythrocalyx remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of M. erythrocalyx (EEME) and the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. EEME exhibited significant antioxidative effects, with a concentration at 50% inhibition ($IC_{50}$) value of $2.74{\mu}g/ml$, as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay; moreover, it inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Cell cycle analyses showed that EEME induced HepG2 cell accumulation in the subG1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. EEME also induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells, with increases in apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies, as detected by Annexin V and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively. Treatment with EEME resulted in increased expression of First apoptosis signal (Fas), a death receptor, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), a proapoptotic protein, and the activation of caspase-3, 8, and 9, resulting in the cleavage of poly (Adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Collectively, these results suggest that EEME may exert an anticancer effect in HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis via both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.