• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.462-467
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• 2007

The radix of Pueraria thunbergiana BENTHAM (Leguminosae) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestations of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fever, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol and treating chronic alcoholism in Oriental Medicine. In the present study, we examined the effect of ethanol extract of P. thunbergiana radix (EPR) on cisplatin-mediated HEI-OC1 auditory cell death. In addition, to investingate the protection mechanism of EPR on free radicals. Treatment of EPR protected cells from cisplatin and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EPR demonstrated significant scavenging activity against various free radicals, including superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that EPR protects cisplatin-induced damages of HEI-OC1 cells through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and augmenting scavenging activities against free radials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Poria cocos Bark extracts (PCBE) and its active compound on melanogenesis. PCBE showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $19.4{\pm}2.21{\mu}g$/mL and $IC_{50}=103{\pm}3.33{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. PCBE reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 34 % at concentration of $50{\mu}g$/mL. And PCBE reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells about 51 % at concentration of $50{\mu}g$/mL without cell cytotoxicity (below $100{\mu}g$/mL). We purified one active compound from PCBE and identified its structure. It was identified as 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid, triterpene family, by $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and Mass analysis. 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid showed ROS scavenging activities in DPPH radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $4.3{\pm}0.15{\mu}g$/mL and $54{\pm}1.67{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Also, it was shown that 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 43 % at concentration of $10{\mu}g$/mL. And it inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner ($IC_{50}=3.6{\mu}g$/mL) without cell cytotoxicity (below $100{\mu}g$/mL). 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that PCBE and 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced melanin formation by the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that PCBE could be used as a useful whitening agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2020

Arthrospira platensis is the oldest marine microalgae on the planet, is said to contain most of the nutrients needed by the human body. It's components are reported to contain a large amount of various substances such as phycocyanin, chlorophyll and β-carotene, and are known to have an aging and whitening effect. In this study, UVB-induced reactive oxygen species reduction efficacy and antioxidant activity of spirulina purified water extract were investigated. effect was confirmed by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP reducing power and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity of 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 1.0 mg/mL of spirulina purified water extract. The coagulation rate, hatching rate and heart rate toxicity were measured by treating spirulina purified water extract with 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg/mL concentration using Zebrafish, an alternative experimental animal model. UVB-induced ROS measurement was treated with spirulina extract at 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg/mL concentration, and then stained with DCFH-DA to confirm the inhibitory effect of ROS. As a result of measuring antioxidant effect, DPPH, FRAP and ABTS⁺ showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effects in comparison with ascorbic acid. and measuring the coagulation rate, hatching rate, and heart rate using Zebrafish, an alternative experimental animal, it was confirmed that there was no toxicity in 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL except 0.5 mg/mL compared to the control group. The ROS scavenging activity of UVB-induced zebrafish showed higher ROS reduction than the positive control. The results of this study suggest that spirulina and purified water extracts are valuable for UV and skin protection cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.820-825
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• 2008

We investigated the antioxidant of heating pork, the physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities of Rubus coreanus Miq. extracts. The contents of moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude ash were measured. Soluble solid, acidity, pH and mineral contents were also investigated. The ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. was evaporated, and then sequentially extracted by hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The contents of total polyphenol ranged from 24.5 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE) per g to 82.5 mg in all fractions. Antioxidative effects were investigated through DPPH free radical scavenging, $ABTS{\cdot}^+$ scavenging and TBARS methods. It was found that ethanol extract ($2,000\;{\mg}/mL$) and butanol extract ($1,500\;{\mg}/mL$) had 89.93% and 89.68% of DPPH free radical scavenging activities. As for ABTS, all extracts ($1,000{\sim}2,000\;{\mg}/mL$) except hexane showed over 90% scavenging activities. The lowest TBARS values were obtained from extract of ethyl acetate and ethanol, and their antioxidative activities were higher than that of ascorbic acid. The results of this study indicate that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. may be substituted for ascorbic acid in heating pork.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2008

To clarify the antioxidation effect of the various solvent fractionation of Tetragonia tetragoniodes which has been known to superior plants for the traditional prevention and treatment of stomach-related diseases, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, vitamin E content, the elimination activity of a DPPH free radical and superoxide anion, inhibition activity of the superoxide generation, reducing power and metal chelating effects were estimated. The contents of the polyphenol compounds were highest in the DCM and EA fractionation, and the content of flavonoid was high in the order of HX and EA fractionation. The vitamin E content showed high in the order of the HX and DCM fractionation among solvent fractions. $IC_{50}$ for the elimination effect of a DPPH radical were estimated as 554.25 and $394.96{\mu}g/ml$ in the DCM and EA fractions, respectively. These values were higher than that of BHT $784.7{\mu}g/ml$ widely used in antioxidation effect. The inhibition activity of the superoxide generation using the T. tetragoniodes solvent fractions represented the effects similar to that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol known to prevent the lipoprotein oxidation, but lower consequences than that of the phenol-resins, BHT and BHA, respectively. In the antioxidation activity derived by the reducing capability, the EA fractionation in a 1.5 mg/ml concentration showed higher than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 2015

This study analyzed the physiological quality of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) extract. M. crystallinum is a succulent plant found in Africa, southern Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. It has known antidiabetic, antioxidant, and activation of lipid metabolism effects. Extracts from M. crystallinum were prepared with methanol (MCM), ethanol (MCE), hot water (MCHW), and methanol after hot water (MCHM) extractions. The yields of MCM, MCE, MCHW, and MCHM were 0.37, 0.33, 0.50, and 0.07%, respectively. To determine the biological activities of the extracts, mushroom tyrosinase, pancreatic lipase, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) production, and α-glucosidase assays were conducted. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the MCHW extract was 62.9% at a concentration of 400 μg/ml, which was the highest of all the extracts. The MCM extract showed the highest inhibition activity of α-glucosidase and NO production (56.6 and 57.2%, respectively). The pancreatic lipase inhibition of the MCE extract was similar to that of the MCM extract, with significant inhibition of 90%. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition of all the extracts was very low (approximately 30%). These results suggest that extracts from M. crystallinum have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities. Thus, it may have potential as a functional food product and therapeutic potential as an antidiabetic or antiobesity agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.668-674
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• 2014

The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective and free radical scavenging effects of conventionally and organically cultivated kale juices against oxidative damage in $LLC-PK_1$ cells. The DPPH, NO, $O_2{^-}$, and ${\cdot}OH$ radical scavenging activities of organically cultivated kale were higher than those of conventionally cultivated kale juice. Oxidative damage induced by AAPH (2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), SNP (sodium nitroprusside), pyrogallol, and SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) led to loss of cell viability and increased lipid peroxidation in LLC-PK1 cells, whereas treatment with vegetable juices, especially organically cultivated kale juices, significantly increased cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). These results suggest that organically cultivated kale juices have protective roles against oxidative stress induced by free radicals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the feeding level of cracked whole barley (CWB) on fatty acid composition, free amino acid content, organic acid content, pH, HDL cholesterol, total phenol and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of finishing Hanwoo steers. The dietary treatments were consisted of five types (C: base feed + 0% CWB, T1: base feed + 10% CWB, T2: base feed + 20% CWB, T3: base feed + 30% CWB, T4: base feed + 40% CWB). A total 30 Hanwoo steers(588.6${\pm}$11.8kg) were allocated into 5 feeding groups, and a total of thirty Hanwoo steers raised from 24 to 30 months. Linoleic acid of fatty acid composition was significantly higher for cracked CWB treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 of CWB treatments was the highest than the other treatments (P<0.01). SFA, USFA, MUFA and USFA/SFA did not differ among the treatments. On the contrary, PUFA was significantly higher for CWB treatments(T1, T2, T3, and T4) than C, and T3 was the highest (P<0.05). EAA was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T3 > T4 (P<0.05). NEAA was higher in the order of T2 >T3 >T1 >C >T4, although a statistical significance was not detected. The total organic acid content was the highest for T3 (20.15 mg/100g) and the lowest for T2 (13.19mg/100g). pH and total phenol of all treatments were did not differ. HDL cholesterol was higher in the order of T1 > C > T4 > T2 > T3 (P<0.01). DPPH radical scavenging activity was in order of T1 > T2 >T4 > C > T3 (P<0.01). Based on the above results, T1 treatment compared to other treatments have been shown to improve EAA, DHL, and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2012

Lichens are a symbiosis between fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Our group recently studied the antioxidant properties of some bacterial species isolated from Arctic lichens and we confirmed that they possess high antioxidant activities. In this paper, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of 5 microorganisms newly isolated from 4 Arctic lichen species, Cladonia sp., Sterocaulon sp., Umbilicaria sp. and Cetraria sp., using various solvent extractions. We carried out 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity test and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Also total phenolic and flavonoid content assays were performed. Among the bacterial culture extracts of the tested lichen-microorganisms, ethyl acetate extracts of Burkholderia sordidicola S5-B(T) had not only a high antioxidant activity (72.9%) when compared with the ascorbic acid used as the control (51.3%) in the DPPH assay, but also a high amount of phenolic content as well as flavonoid content. As a result, these lichen-microorganisms may be potentially useful sources of natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2003

One hundred sixty species among Korean medicinal plants were tested on their antioxidative potentials. Antioxidants are useful materials which could be expected into development as food preservatives, health foods, cosmetics and drugs. Korean peninsula have many potential in antioxidant source which includes various medicinal herbs. It grounded on the fact that Korean medicinal plants have been used as folk therapy for long time and still do in oriental medicine. From the study, effective free radical scavengers compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol\;of\;13.5{\mu}g/ml\;in\;RC_{50}$ were Geranium sibiricum, Geum japonicum, Geranium nepalense subsp. thunbergii and Paulownia coreana which showed $19.3{\mu}g/ml,\;22.5{\mu}g/ml,\;23.9{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;27.2{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, Acer mono and 38 plants showed strong potential in inhibition rate on linoleic acid oxidation (above 90%). In conclusion, we expect that the selected medicinal plants must be more studied as antioxidant and then developed as many industrial materials.