The Inhibitory Effects of Poria cocos Bark Extract on Melanogenesis

복령피 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과

  • 이응지 (정산생명공학(주) 중앙연구소) ;
  • 배성윤 (정산생명공학(주) 중앙연구소) ;
  • 손락호 (정산생명공학(주) 중앙연구소) ;
  • 이용화 (정산생명공학(주) 중앙연구소)
  • Published : 2009.09.30

Abstract

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Poria cocos Bark extracts (PCBE) and its active compound on melanogenesis. PCBE showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $19.4{\pm}2.21{\mu}g$/mL and $IC_{50}=103{\pm}3.33{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. PCBE reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 34 % at concentration of $50{\mu}g$/mL. And PCBE reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells about 51 % at concentration of $50{\mu}g$/mL without cell cytotoxicity (below $100{\mu}g$/mL). We purified one active compound from PCBE and identified its structure. It was identified as 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid, triterpene family, by $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and Mass analysis. 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid showed ROS scavenging activities in DPPH radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $4.3{\pm}0.15{\mu}g$/mL and $54{\pm}1.67{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Also, it was shown that 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 43 % at concentration of $10{\mu}g$/mL. And it inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner ($IC_{50}=3.6{\mu}g$/mL) without cell cytotoxicity (below $100{\mu}g$/mL). 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that PCBE and 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid reduced melanin formation by the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that PCBE could be used as a useful whitening agent.

천연 미백 소재 개발을 위하여 복령피 추출물과 복령피 추출물에서 분리한 활성 물질의 멜라닌 생성에 연관된 생리 활성을 분석하였다. 복령피 추출물은 $100{\mu}g$/mL 이하에서 세포 독성이 없는 것으로 확인 되었으며 free radical 소거능(DPPH)과 superoxide radicals 소거능 결과는 각각 $IC_{50}=19.4{\pm}2.21{\mu}g$/mL, $IC_{50}=103{\pm}3.33{\mu}g$/mL을 나타내었다. $50{\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 B16 melanoma 세포 내 tyrosinase의 활성을 34 % 저해 하였으며, 세포 내 멜라닌 생합성 저해 효과는 $50{\mu}g$/mL 농도의 복령피 추출물을 72 h 동안 처리한 세포에서 51 % 억제율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 복령피 추출물의 활성 물질을 분리하여 $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, Mass analysis 등의 기기 분석을 실시한 결과 triterpene류의 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid로 동정되었고 $100{\mu}g$/mL 이하에서 세포 독성이 없는 것으로 확인 되었다. 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid의 free radical 소거능과 superoxide radicals 소거능 결과는 각각 $IC_{50}=4.3{\pm}0.15{\mu}g$/mL, $IC_{50}=54{\pm}1.67{\mu}g$/mL을 나타내었다. $10{\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 세포내 tyrosinase의 활성을 43 % 저해 하였으며, 멜라닌 저해 효과를 확인한 결과 $IC_{50}=3.6{\mu}g$/mL으로 나타났다. Western blot을 이용하여 tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2 단백질의 발현 감소를 확인하였다. 복령피 추출물과 3-$\beta$-hydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-4-oic acid는 우수한 미백 효능을 갖는 화장품 소재로의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. R. Cui, H. R. Widlund, E. Feige, J. Y. Lin, D. L. Wilensky, V. E. Igras, J. D'Orazio, C. Y. Fung, C. F. Schanbacher, S. R. Granter, and D. E. Fisher, Central role of p53 in the suntan response and pathologic hyperpigmentation, Cell, 128, 853 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.045
  2. K. Cheng, F. Hsu, S. Chen, P. Hsieh, H. Huang, C. Lee, and M. Lee, New constituent from Podocarpus macrophyllus var. macrophyllus shows anti tyrosinase effect and regulates tyrosinase-related proteins and mRNA in human epidermal melanocytes, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 55(5), 757 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.757
  3. T. Kobayashi, K. Urabe, A. Winder, C. Jimenez- Cervantes, G. Imokawa, T. Brewington, F. Solano, J. C. Garcia-Borron, and V. J. Hearing, Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin buiosynthesis, EMBO J., 13, 5818 (1994)
  4. S. Briganti, E. Camera, and M. Picardo, Chemical and instrumental approaches to treat hyperpigmentation, Pigment Cell Res., 16, 101 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00029.x
  5. Y. J. Kim and H. Uyama, Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future, Cell Mol. Life Sci., 62, 1707 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5054-y
  6. F. Solano, S. Briganti, M. Picardo, and G. Ghanem, Hypopigmenting agents: an updated review on biological, chemical and clinical aspects, Pigment Cell Res., 19, 550 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00334.x
  7. H. Z. Hill, W. Li, P. Xin, and D. L. Michell, Melanin: a two edged sword, Pigment Cell Res., 10, 158 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00478.x
  8. A. J. Kanwar, S. Dhar, and S. Kaur, Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids, Dermatology, 188, 170 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1159/000247129
  9. M. S. Blois, Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical, Nature, 181, 1199 (1958) https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  10. H. W. Kim, S. J. Cho, B. Y. Kim, S. I. Cho, and Y. K. Kim, Pogostemon cablin as ROS scavenger in oxidant-induced cell death of human neuroglioma cells, Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med., 1(7), 1/9 (2008)
  11. T. Noro, O. Yasushi, M. Toshio, U. Akira, and S. Fukushima, Inhibition of xanthine oxidase from the flowers and buds of Daphne genkwa, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 3984 (1983)
  12. T. Mosmann, Rapid colorimetric assay for the cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assay, J. Immun. Methods., 65 (1983)
  13. O. Yasunobu, K. Tomoko, O. Yuri, M. Hitoshi, K. Yoshiko, F. Yoko, I. Masamitsu, Y. Ytaka, K. Yoshitane, and S. Hiromu, Development of a novel zinc complex as whitening agent in a new concept, ASCS., 6, 69 (2003)
  14. J. Pawelk, Melanoma cells in culture, Methods Enzymol., 58, 564 (1978) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(79)58172-5
  15. S. H. Pomerantz, Separation, purification and properties of two tyrosinases from hamster melanoma, J. Biol. Chem., 238, 2351 (1963)
  16. T. A. Akahori and T. Shingu, Triterpenes of Poria cocos, Phytochemistry, 2, 1239 (1993)