• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.128-147
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• 1991

We propose a dynamic incidence matrix (DIM) for reflecting states and time conditions of a timed Petri net (TPN) explicitly. Since a DIM consists of a conventional incidence matrix, two time-related vectors and two state-related vectors, we can get the advantages inherent in the conventional incidence matrix of describing a static structure of a system as well as another advantage of expressing time dependent state transitions. We introduce an algorithm providing the DIM with a state transition mechanism. Because the algorithm is, in fact, an algorithmic model for discrete event simulation of TPN models, we provide a theoretical basis of model transformation of a TPN model into a DEVS(Discrete Event system Specification) model. By executing the algorithm we can carry out performance analysis of computer communication protocols which are represented TPN models.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

The Lie algebra analogue of Schur's result which is proved by Moneyhun in 1994, states that if L is a Lie algebra such that dimL/Z(L) = n, then $dimL_{(2)}={\frac{1}{2}}n(n-1)-s$ for some non-negative integer s. In the present paper, we determine the structure of central factor (for s = 0) and the factor Lie algebra $L/Z_2(L)$ (for all $s{\geq}0$) of a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra L, with n-dimensional central factor. Furthermore, by using the concept of n-isoclinism, we discuss an upper bound for the dimension of $L/Z_n(L)$ in terms of $dimL_{(n+1)}$, when the factor Lie algebra $L/Z_n(L)$ is finitely generated and $n{\geq}1$.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2000

Let X be an integral Gorenstein projective curve with g:=pa(X) $\geq$ 3. Call $G^r_d$ (X,**) the set of all pairs (L,V) with L$\epsilon$Pic(X), deg(L) = d, V $\subseteq$ H^0$(X,L), dim(V) =r+1 and V spanning L. Assume the existence of integers d, r with 1 $\leq$ r$\leq$ d $\leq$ g-1 such that there exists an irreducible component, , of $G^r_d$(X,**) with dim($\Gamma$) $\geq$ d - 2r and such that the general L$\geq$$\Gamma$ is spanned at every point of Sing(X). Here we prove that dim( ) = d-2r and X is hyperelliptic.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, a be an ideal of R and M be an R-module. It is shown that if $Ext^i_R(R/a,M)$ is minimax for all $i{\leq}{\dim}\;M$, then the R-module $Ext^i_R(N,M)$ is minimax for all $i{\geq}0$ and for any finitely generated R-module N with $Supp_R(N){\subseteq}V(a)$ and dim $N{\leq}1$. As a consequence of this result we obtain that for any a-torsion R-module M that $Ext^i_R(R/a,M)$ is minimax for all $i{\leq}dim$ M, all Bass numbers and all Betti numbers of M are finite. This generalizes [8, Corollary 2.7]. Also, some equivalent conditions for the cominimaxness of local cohomology modules with respect to ideals of dimension at most one are given.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.1071-1083
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• 2023

The main motivation of this paper is to introduce and study the notions of strong Dedekind rings and semi-regular injective modules. Specifically, a ring R is called strong Dedekind if every semi-regular ideal is Q₀-invertible, and an R-module E is called a semi-regular injective module provided Ext¹_R(T, E) = 0 for every 𝓠-torsion module T. In this paper, we first characterize rings over which all semi-regular injective modules are injective, and then study the semi-regular injective envelopes of R-modules. Moreover, we introduce and study the semi-regular global dimensions sr-gl.dim(R) of commutative rings R. Finally, we obtain that a ring R is a DQ-ring if and only if sr-gl.dim(R) = 0, and a ring R is a strong Dedekind ring if and only if sr-gl.dim(R) ≤ 1, if and only if any semi-regular ideal is projective. Besides, we show that the semi-regular dimensions of strong Dedekind rings are at most one.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Let I be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian semi-local ring R and M be an R-module. It is shown that if dim M ≤ 2 and Supp_R M ⊆ V (I), then M is I-weakly cofinite if (and only if) the R-modules Hom_R(R/I, M) and Ext¹_R(R/I, M) are weakly Laskerian. As a consequence of this result, it is shown that the category of all I-weakly cofinite modules X with dim X ≤ 2, forms an Abelian subcategory of the category of all R-modules. Finally, it is shown that if dim R/I ≤ 2, then for each pair of finitely generated R-modules M and N and each pair of the integers i, j ≥ 0, the R-modules Tor^R_i(N, H^j_I(M)) and Extⁱ_R(N, H^j_I(M)) are I-weakly cofinite.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

최근 들어, 웹 서비스와 연동을 통해 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 연구가 시도되고 있다. 의료정보전송 표준인 ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD에서는 ISO/IEEE 11073 에이전트와 ISO/IEEE 11073 매니저간의 생체정보 교환을 위해 비 IP (No-Internet Protocol) 기반의 최적화된 교환 프로토콜인 ISO/IEEE 11073-20601을 정의하고 있다. 이러한 ISO/IEEE 11073-20601을 이용한 비IP 기반의 시스템 구조는 사물인터넷 기반의 원격 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하는 데 적합하지 않다. 왜냐하면, 사물인터넷 기반 U-헬스케어 서비스에서 원격지의 IP가 탑재된 생체정보 측정 장치들을 관리 및 제어할 수 있는 기능을 지원하기 어렵기 때문이다. 게다가, ISO/IEEE 11073-20601에서 정의하고 있는 ACSE와 CMDISE는 구조적인 복잡도로 인해 구현하기 어렵고 복잡하기 때문에 사물인터넷 기반의 U-헬스케어 서비스를 제공하는데 적합하지 않다. 이러한 기존의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 기반의 생체정보 모니터링 서비스를 제공하기 위한 사물인터넷의 ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST 기반 생체정보 모니터링 구조를 제안한다. 이를 위해 사물인터넷 기반 생체정보 모니터링 시스템 구조를 설계하였고, ISO/IEEE 11073 에이전트와 ISO/IEEE 11073 매니저간의 ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST 기반의 메시지 교환 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 제안된 시스템 구조의 실현 가능성을 검증하기 위해 서비스 프로토타입을 구현하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

디지털 영상의 배포에서, 위 변조자에 의해 영상이 변조되는 심각한 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 영상의 픽셀값 경사도에 따른 특징벡터를 이용한 미디언 필터링 영상 포렌식 판정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘에서, 원영상의 픽셀값 경사도로부터 자기회귀 계수를 1~6차까지의 6 Dim.을 계산한다. 그리고 경사도를 Poisson 방정식의 해에 의한 재구성 영상과 원영상과의 차영상으로 부터, 4 Dim. (평균값, 최대값 그리고 최대값의 좌표 i,j)의 특징벡터를 추출한다. 2 종류의 특징벡터는 10 Dim.으로 조합되어 변조된 영상의 미디언 필터링 (Median Filtering: MF) 검출기의 SVM (Support Vector Machine) 분류를 위한 학습에 사용된다. 제안된 미디언 필터링 검출 알고리즘은 동일 10 Dim. 특징벡터의 MFR (Median Filter Residual) 스킴과 비교하여 원영상, 평균필터링 ($3{\times}3$) 영상 그리고 JPEG (QF=90) 영상에서는 성능이 우수하며, Gaussian 필터링 ($3{\times}3$) 영상에서는 성능이 다소 낮지만, 성능평가 전체항목에서 민감도 (Sensitivity; TP: True Positive rate)와 1-특이도 (1-Specificity; FP: False Positive rate)의 AUC (Area Under Curve)가 모두 1에 수렴하여 'Excellent (A)' 등급임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of daily milk yield, somatic cell count(SCC), days in milk(DIM), and parity on the compositions of milk and blood in high or low producing dairy cows. To divide the high or low producing group, there were some restrictions in this study. 235 Holstein dairy cows had a average daily milk yield of 23.2 $\pm$ 6.8 kg were grouped into two classes with low producing(average daily milk 17kg) or high producing(average daily milk 29 kg). The other restrictions were two parities(first and second parity), two SCC groups(under $l{\times}10^5$cells/ml, and $l{\times}10^5$ to $7{\times}10^5$ celis/ml), and three DIM groups(under 80, 81 to 180, and 181 to 305DIM). The blood urea nitrogen(BUN), milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and glucose between two group with high and low somatic cell count were not affected by parity, DIM and SCC. But there were significantly different on BUN and glucose between high and low milk producing(p< 0.01), also was different on glucose between parities(p < 0.05). White blood cell(WBC) and lymphocyte were affected(p< 0.05) by SCC level, protein percent was also affected by DIM(p< 0.01). The least square means of protein in second parity was a 1.3 times higher than that in first parity(p < 0.05), and it showed a higher level in the low producing group than the high producing group(p < 0.0l). WBC and lymphocyte were lower in the $1{\sim}7{\times}10^5$ celis/ml than those under $1{\times}10^5$ celis/ml(p< 0.05). Neutrophil was a higher level in first parity than that in second parity(p < 0.05). Only protein and total solid were affected by parity, the other compositions were not affected by parity, DIM, SCC and milk yields. The results suggested that significant differences were in the blood components such as glucose, WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil between high and low producing cows. The results also show that more studies are required to clarify the factors and markers related to milk yield, quality and mastitis.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1995

Let H and G be finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebras and let A and B be left H and G-module algebras respectively. We use smash product algebras to show that 1) if A is right Artinian then $A^H$ is right Artinian, 2) $Soc\;V_A{\subset}Soc\;V_{A^H}$ and rad $V_A{\supset}\;radV_{A^H}$, 3) $K\;dim\;_BV_A=K\;dim\;_{B^G}V_{A^H}$.