• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.564-566
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• 2003

전력 계통에서 안정한 전력을 공급하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 전력 계통의 오류는 전압 및 주파수를 감시함으로써 검출 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 위상 고정 루프를 이용한 전력 계통의 주파수 측정 장치를 제안하고 이를 구현한 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 제안한 주파수 측정 장치는 위상 고정 루프의 기본요소로 구성된다. 위상분별기는 배타적 논리연산을 통해 위상오차를 검출하고 위상의 앞섬 및 뒤짐의 검출이 가능하도록 설계하였으며, 전력 계통의 주파수 동특성을 고려해서 3차의 루프 필터를 설계하였다. DCO는 출력 주파수의 분해능을 고려하여 입력 신호를 정확하게 추정할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제안한 주파수 측정 장치의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 모의실험을 통해 주파수 변동량의 측정 범위 및 정확도를 검토하였으며, FPGA와 CPU를 포함하는 하드웨어를 구현하였다. FPGA에는 Verilog HDL로 디지털 위상 고정 루프의 위상분별기와 DCO를 구현하였으며 루프필터는 소프트웨어로 구현하였다. 제안한 디지털 위상 고정 루프의 성능 검증을 위해 정밀한 함수 발생기의 출력을 인가한 후 출력 주파수를 측정한 결과 및 전력 계통에 대한 실험 결과를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1234-1244
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the ten years cancer incidence based on diagnosis years 2000-2009, and to evaluate the quality of cancer registry in Daejeon City and Chungcheongnam-Do, Korea. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in these two regions were compared, and validity of incidence data was assessed by three indicators; age unknown (Age UNK%), histological verification (HV%), and death certificate only (DCO%). Mortality/incidence ratio (M/I ratio) was used to evaluate completeness of incidence data. Incidence rate differences were assessed using Poission distribution and calculated their 95% confidence interval of ASR, and those by sex, age, and region were compared by incidence rate curve. As a result, the highest cancer site during 2000-2009 was stomach in both regions, and incidence prpportion were 18.8% in Daejeon, 21.5% in Chungnam. The overall cancer incidence was higher in males than in females, and ASR of total cancer in Daejeon increased 0.6% (from 322.1 to 323.9 per 100,000) for men and 60.3% (from 203.9 to 326.8) for women, that in Chungnam increased 14.3% (from 294.7 to 336.9) for men and 70.7% (from 156.5 to 267.1) for women. The Age UNK% during 2000-2009 were 0.0% in both regions. MV% for men was increased from 71.8% to 88.5% and that for women was increased from 78.1% to 93.2%. DCO% for men was decreased from 6.4% to 0.7% and that for women was decreased from 5.4% to 0.8%. M/I ratio was ranged from 15.3% to 62.1% and can be evaluated fairy good registration.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2000

This paper designs a digital correlator for the integrated GPS/GLONASS receiver consisting of DCO, carrier cycle counter, code generator, code phase counter, mixer, epoch counter, accumulator. It is designed using Verilog-HDL(Verilog-Hardware Description Language) and synthesized using EDA(Electronic Design Automation) tools. The performance of the designed digital correlator is verified by the functional simulation and real satellite tracking experiments.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.6
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• pp.605-614
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• 2003

In this paper we introduce a new style multiparadigm language named Argos which applies a compositional approach [20] to multiparadigm programming. Argos is a superset of the Java, and its grammar has an extension point which allows other languages to be used in Argos programs. Therefore, Argos can support object-oriented programming and multiparadigm programming by enabling each method in a class to be implemented with one of the Java, C, Prolog, Python, and XML languages. Since Argos allows the existing languages to be used, it has advantages such as easiness of learning and high reusability. The Argos compiler is implemented according to the delegating compiler object (DCO) model[28,29]. The compiler partitions a program Into several parts according to the languages used in methods and delivers the parts the languages' processors which compile the parts.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2009

Objectives : A method of estimation using 8 populationbased cancer registries databases in Korea(KRCR DB) has been introduced as another strategy for validly estimating the national cancer incidence(NCI) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of this method with using the 7 KRCR DBs, excluding Seoul covering 21% of the total population of Korea. Methods : We designed the study method(NCSE_7) as same as the estimating method with using 8 KRCR DBs (NCSE_8) in order to ensure maximal comparability. We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then we added the weighted observed cases according to gender, age and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the seven regions and the population of all areas, with excluding these seven regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, the estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by the number of the total population. The standard error(SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. Results : Compared with the results of the NCSE_8, the overall age-standardized rates(ASR) in men and women became over-estimated and under-estimated, respectively. Primary sites that showed statistically significant differences were the colo-rectum, prostate, breast and thyroid. The index of death certificate only(DCO)and microscopically verified(MV)% indicating levels of data quality were decreased, especially for the brain in DCO% and kidney in the MV%. Conclusions : The database of Seoul regional cancer registry has a key role for the method to estimate the valid nationwide cancer statistics in Korea with using the population-based cancer registries databases.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2012

In this paper, a digital phase-locked loop(Digital-PLL) circuit with a new phase-to-digital converter(P2D) is described. The proposed digital PLL is composed a P2D, a digital loop filter(DLF), and a digitally controlled oscillator(DCO). The P2D generates a digital code for a phase error. The proposed P2D used a binary phase frequency detector(BPFD) and a counter in place of a time-to-digital converter(TDC) for simple structure, compact area and low power consumption. The proposed circuit was designed with CMOS 0.18um process. The simulation shows the circuit operates with the 1.0 to 2.2GHz with the power consumption of 16.2mW at 1.65GHz and the circuit occupies the chip area of $0.096mm^2$.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2017

Many works have attempted to solve the scalability, the availability, and the low-latency problems of peer-to-peer (P2P) live video streaming; yet, the problems still remain. While tree-based systems are vulnerable to churn, the mesh-based systems suffer from high delay and overhead. The DHT-aided chunk-driven overlay (DCO) [1] tried to tackle these problems by using the distributed hash table (DHT), which structures into a mesh-based overlay to efficiently share the video segment. However, DCO fully depends on the capacity of the users' device which is small and unstable, i.e., the users' device may leave and join the network anytime, and the video server's bandwidth can be insufficient when the number of users joining the network suddenly increases. Therefore, cloud assist is introduced to overcome those problems. Cloud assist can be used to enhance the availability, the low-latency, and the scalability of the system. In this paper, the DHT is used to maintain the location of the streaming segments in a distributed manner, and the cloud server is used to assist other peers when the bandwidth which required for sharing the video segment is insufficient. The simulation results show that by using the threshold and cloud assist, the availability and the low-latency of the video segments, and the scalability of the network are greatly improved.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.577-583
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• 2022

Verilog-HDL-based modeling can be performed to confirm the fast operation characteristics after setting the design parameters of each block considering the stability of the system by performing linear phase-domain modeling on the phase-locked loop. This paper proposed Verilog-HDL modeling including DCO noise and DTC nonlinear characteristic. After completing the modeling, the time-domain transient simulation can be performed to check the feasibility and the functionality of the proposed PLL system, then the phase noise result from the system design based on the functional model can be verified comparing with the ideal phase noise graph. As a result of the comparison of simulation time (6 us), the Verilog-HDL-based modeling method (1.43 second) showed 484 times faster than the analog transistor level design (692 second) implemented by TSMC 0.18-㎛.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was aimed to analyze the trends of cancer incidence and evaluate the quality control of cancer registration data in Jeollabuk-do from 2001 to 2010. Methods: Incidence data of all cancers and indices of quality of cancer registration data in Jeollabuk-do for the 10-year period were obtained from the Population-based Regional Cancer Registry in the Jeonbuk Regional Cancer Center. Trends in crude incidence rate (CR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for all cancers and incidence rates for major cancer sites by gender were analyzed. Joinpoint regression tool was used to describe and quantify trends. And the completeness and validity of cancer registration data were analyzed. Results: The major cancer sites in males were the stomach (22.2%), lung (16.6%), colorectum (12.8%), liver (12.3%) and prostate (6.2%), and in females were the thyroid (17.8%), stomach (14.7%), breast (11.6%), colorectum (11.5%) and lung (7.7%). Between 2001 to 2010, ASR for all cancers increased 13.7% in men, 68% in women, and 36.5% overall. ASR for all cancers increased by 1.2% per year in males and by 6.7% per year in females from 2001 to 2010. In the quality control of the cancer registration data between 2001 and 2010, death certificate only (DCO%) for men was decreased from 5.6% to 1.3% and DCO% for women decreased from 6.1% to 1.8%. Microscopic verification (MV%) increased in both men and women. And mortality/incidence ratio (MI%) declined in both men and women. Conclusions: The cancer incidence during the 10 years (2001-2010) in Jeollabuk-do was increasing especially for the colorectum and prostate in men, and for the thyroid and breast in women. The overall quality control of the cancer registry was gradually improving.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the positional change of the uterus during radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2001, 47 patients received definitive radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the Samsung Medical Center. For each patient, two MRI scans were taken; one before and the other 3$\~$4 weeks after the radiotherapy treatment. In T2 weighted MRI images, the positional change of the uterine was quantified by measuring six quantities; the distance from the cervix os to the isthmus of the uterus (Dcx), the maximum length from the isthmus of the uterus to the uterine fundus (Dco), the maximum vertical distance of the uterine body (Dco-per), the angle between the vertical line and the cervical canal in the sagittal images (Acx), the angle of the uterine corpus from the vertical line in the sagittal plan (Aco-ap), and the relative angle of the uterine corpus from a fixed anatomical landmark in the axial images (Aco-axi). Results: The mean Dcx values, before and during the treatment, were 36.7 and 27.8 mm, respectively. The Dco deviated by more than 10 mm in 14 cases (29.8$\%$). The change in the Acx ranged from 0.1 to 67.8$^{\circ}$ (mean 13.2$^{\circ}$). The Aco-ap changed by a maximum of 84.8$^{\circ}$ (mean 16.9$^{\circ}$). The differences in the Dcx plus the Dco in the smaller (<4 cm) and larger ($geq$4 cm) tumors were 5.3 and 19.4 mm, respectively. With patients less than 60 years old, or with a tumor size larger than 4 cm, the difference in the Acx was statistically significant. Conclusion: The positional changes of the uterus, during radiation treatment, should be considered in the 3DCRT or IMRT treatment planning, particularly in patients under 60 years of age or in those with a tumor size greater than 4 cm in maximum diameter.