• BMB Reports
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.794-799
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• 2009

The inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production is considered to be a promising approach to the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In this study, we examined the effects of the Agrocybe chaxingu $\beta$-glucan (polysaccharide) on lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells as well as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. The polysaccharide significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression levels in the cells. Furthermore, topical application of polysaccharide resulted in markedly inhibited (P < 0.01) TPA-induced ear edema in mice. These results suggest that this polysaccharide may be used for NO- and COX-2-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.800-808
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• 2004

Resveratrol은 포도와 같은 식물에서 각종 감염균으로부터 자신의 몸을 보호하기 위하여 생성되는 물질인 phytoalexin의 일종으로 강력한 항산화작용, 암예방 효과 및 항암 작용을 포함한 각종 약리작용을 가진 것으로 보고되어져 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 resveratrol의 항암작용 기전해석을 위하여 A549 인체폐암세포의 종식에 미치는 resverakol의 영향을 조사하였다. A549 세포의 생존율은 resveratrol의 처리시간 증가에 따라 강력하게 억제되었으며, 이는 암세포의 다양한 형태변형을 동반한 세포주기 C2/M arrest 및 염색질 응축 현상을 동반한 apoptosis 유발에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. Resveratrol 처리에 의한 apoptosis 유발은 Bcl-2의 발현변화 없이 Bcl-$X_L$의 발현 감소에 따른 상대적인 Bax의 발현 증가와 Sp-1, PCNA 및 $\beta$-catenin 등과 같은 단백질의 분해 현상과 연관성이 있었다 또한 resveratrol에 의한 A549세포 의 증식억제는 Cdk inhibitor p21의 발현 증가에 따른 Cdks 의 kinase 활성 저하 및 COX-2의 선택적 저해에 따른 PGE2 생성 저하와 관련이 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2010

Twenty six compounds (1-26) were isolated from the root barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated agai nst the generation of inflammatory chemical mediators in bone marrow-derived mast cells. Among them, compounds 10, 11, 13, 15 and 19 inhibited not only cyclooxygenase-2 dependent prostaglandin $D_2$ generation but also 5-lipoxygenase dependent leukotrien $C_4$ generation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, compounds 11, 12, 13, 15 and 19 also inhibited $\beta$-hexosaminidase release, a marker of mast cell degranulation reaction, from bone marrow-derived mast cell. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of U. davidiana might in part occur by both the inhibition of eicosanoid generations and the degranulation reaction of mast cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2013

Objectives : Danguieumja is a traditional medicinal prescription to treat skin disease. It was commonly used for the treatment of itching, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis in Korea by the addition or omission of several herbs. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Gagam-Danguieumja (GDE) water extract. Methods : We examined the effects of GDE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Results : GDE inhibited production of NO in a dose dependent manner and also decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). As a possible molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK) by LPS were blocked by GDE treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that GDE has an anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential through the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, thereby decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1387-1394
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• 2020

Clam worms (Marphysa sanguinea) are a rich source of bioactive components such as the antibacterial peptide, perinerin. In the present study, we explored the physiological activities of a novel NCWPFQGVPLGFQAPP peptide (NCW peptide), which was purified from clam worm extract through high-performance liquid chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) revealed that NCW was a new peptide with a molecular weight of 1757.86 kDa. Moreover, NCW peptide exhibited significant antioxidant effects, causing a 50% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 20 μM without showing any cytotoxicity. These were associated with a reduction in the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells. Furthermore, NCW peptide exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibition of the abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These anti-inflammatory effects of NCW peptide were associated with the inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Our results therefore suggest that this novel NCW peptide with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects could be a good therapeutic agent against inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

Objectives : Deer antler Herbal-Acupuncture (DHA) solution represents one of the most commonly used medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis. But, mechanisms of its antiarthritic activities are still poorly understood. Identification of common DHA aqua-acupuncture capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. Results : We determined if DHA could prevent the binding of $IL-1{\beta}$ to its cellular receptors. DHA addition to rat chondrocytes treated with $IL-1{\beta}$ or with reactive oxygen species(ROS) prevents the activation of proteoglycan synthesis. After treatment with $IL-1{\beta}$, DHA increased the expression of mRNA encoding the type II $IL-1{\beta}$ receptor. These results emphasize the potential role of two regulating proteins of the $IL-1{\beta}$ signaling pathway that could account for the beneficial effect of DHA in osteRArthritis. The present study also identifies a novel mechanism of DHA-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion : It is shown that DHA inhibits both $IL-1{\beta}-$ and $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ NO production in normal human articular chondrocytes. The observed suppression of IL-1-induced NO production is associated with inhibition of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) mRNA and protein expression. In addition, DHA also suppresses the production of IL-1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6. The constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase-1, however, was not affected by the sugar. These results demonstrate that DHA expresses a unique range of activities and identifies a novel mechanism for the inhibition of inflammatory processes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Soy, high dietary intake for the oriental population, is a main source of isoflavonoids. Sophoricoside (SOP) an isoflavone glycoside was isolated from immature fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae family) and its inhibitory effect on chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response was investigated in this study. SOP inhibited the interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1 $\mu$M whereas it had no effects on IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-a bioactivities. SOP was identified as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 $\mu$ M, but did not show inhibitory effect on the synthesis of COX-2. However, SOP had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anions and nitric oxide. These results revealed that in vitro anti-inflammatory action of SOP is significantly different from that of genistein known as a phytoestrogen of soy products. This experimental study has documented an importance of dietary soy isoflavonoids as multifunctional agents beneficial to human health, and will help to clarify protective mechanisms of SOP against inflammatory conditions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2007

한국인이 상용하는 식물성 식품 30종의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 $sPLA_{2}$, COX-1, COX-2, 12-LOX 의 활성 억제 효과를 측정하여 식물 추출물이 염증 효소계에 미치는 영향을 포괄적으로 평가하였다. 그 결과 모든 식물 추출물은 적어도 한 개 이상의 염증 관련 효소의 활성을 저해하였다. 몇 가지 두류와 숙주나물, 일부 잎채소는 염증반응의 상위 단계 효소인 $sPLA_{2}$의 활성을 저해하였으며, 12-LOX 활성은 발아나물인 콩나물과 숙주나물에 의해서만 특이적으로 저해되었다. 대부분의 식품들은 COX-1과 COX-2 활성을 동시에 저해하였고, 미나리와 비름만이 COX-1 활성 저해 없이 COX-2만을 선택적으로 저해하였다. 모든 두류 유래식품과 식물 뿌리류는 COX-2에만 선택적이지는 않았으나, COX-1보다 더 낮은 농도에서 COX-2 활성을 억제하였다. 여러 식품들 중 염증반응의 상위단계 효소인 $sPLA_{2}$ 활성을 억제하는 일부 두류와 잎채소류 및 숙주나물은 염증 초기에 작용하여 염증 반응의 발전을 차단하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히, 녹두는 비교적 낮은 $IC_{50}$ 값을 보이며 $sPLA_{2}$와 COX-2를 효과적으로 저해하는 것으로 나타나 염증반응의 여러 단계에서 항염 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 유용한 식품으로 판단된다. 또한 각각의 염증 관련 효소에 대한 억제 능력이 크지는 않았지만, 염증 반응의 초기 및 후기 단계의 모든 효소를 저해 하였던 숙주나물과 12-LOX 및 COX-2를 동시에 저해한 콩나물도 여러 염증 효소를 복합적으로 억제시킴으로써 항염능을 나타낼 수 있다는 점에 주목 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구 결과 식물성 식품에 의한 염증 완화 및 예방 효과는 각기 다른 염증 효소의 활성을 다양한 정도로 저해함으로써 발현됨을 알 수 있다. 밝혀졌으며 제2형 당뇨모델인 $KK-A^{y}$ 마우스를 이용한 동물실험에서도 뚜렷한 혈당강하효과를 나타내어 인슐린 민감성 제재로 개발 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다.균은 $0.9{\sim}2.6%$이었으며, 8종류 약제에 저항성인 균도 1.7%있었다. 이상의 결과로 국내에서 분리된 M. pneumoniae 균주는 적게는 1-4 종류의 항생제에, 많게는 5-8 종류의 항생제에 저항성인 균주가 있으므로 마이코플라스마폐렴 환자를 치료할때는 macrolide계나 quinolone계의 항생제 선택에 신중을 기하여야 하며, 가급적이면 항생제 감수성 검사를 실시하여 적절한 항생제를 선택함으로써 저항성균의 출현율을 줄일 수 있고 효율적인 치료도 할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.이어트에도 도움이 되리라 생각한다. 56.3%, 엽산 81.3% 등으로 높게 나타나 근로자들의 영양 문제가 심각함을 알 수 있다.혁신지방분권위원회에서 제시한 자치경찰제도(안)을 중심으로 자치경찰제도 운용의 목적 충족과 실질적인 효과의 측면에서 분석하고 바람직한 자치경찰제도의 운용에 대해 살펴본다.rc}C$ 이내에서 높을수록, 염분은 20-35 psu 이내에서 높을수록 잠입률이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 교수학습모형에 관련된 지식을 묻는 내용으로 주로 출제되었다. 이에 구체적인 개선방안으로 특정 교수학습모형의 이론적 토대가 되고 전체적인 교수설계를 하기 위한 기본 바탕이 될 수 있는 교수학습이론에 관한 내용, 또한 현재가정과교육에 있어서 유용한 교수학습법이라고 입증되고 있는 실천적 추론 가정과 수업에 관한 내용으로의 확대를 제안하였다. 가정과교육평가 문항의 출제는 대다수의 문항이 수행평가에 관한 문항내용으로 출제되었다. 이에 구체적인 개선방안으로 문항의 변별도 여부의 판단, 평가문항의 내용 타당도 분석, 평가결과를 해석하는 능력, 평가자의 철학적 관점과 같은 내용으로의 확대를 제안하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2006

In order to establish the anti-inflammatory cellular mechanism of the paeony root(Paeonia lactiflora, Pall, Paeoniaceae), the constituents including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, (+)-catechin, paeonol, benzoic acid and methyl gallate were evaluated for their effects on arachidonate and NO metabolism. Among the compounds tested, only paeonol weakly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2-mediated $PGE_2$ production from LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. (+)-Catechin and methyl gallate weakly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated NO production from the same cell line. In particular, methyl gallate significantly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase from RBL-l cells with an $IC_{50}$ of 8.4 ${\mu}M$. These results suggest that the inhibition of these components on arachidonate and NO metabolism may contribute at least in part to anti-inflammatory mechanism of the paeony root.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

The COX-2/$PGE_2$ pathway has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The underlying mechanisms facilitating the production of COX-2 and its mediator, $PGE_2$, in cancer survival remain unknown. Herein, we investigated $PGE_2$-induced COX-2 expression and signaling in HL-60 cells following menadione treatment. Treatment with $PGE_2$ activated anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while reducing pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby enhancing cell survival. $PGE_2$ not only induced COX-2 expression, but also prevented casapse-3, PARP, and lamin B cleavage. Silencing and inhibition of COX-2 with siRNA transfection or treatment with indomethacin led to a pronounced reduction of the extracellular levels of $PGE_2$, and restored the menadione- induced cell death. In addition, pretreatment of cells with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated the $PGE_2$-induced expression of COX-2, suggesting involvement of the MAPK and PKA pathways. These results demonstrate that $PGE_2$ signaling acts in an autocrine manner, and specific inhibition of $PGE_2$ will provide a novel approach for the treatment of leukemia.