• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.254-259
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• 2004

Jeongshin-tang (JST) is a Korean herbal prescription, which has been successfully applied for the various neuronal diseases. However, it's effect remains unknown in experimental models. To investigate the biological effect of JST in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro model, we analized the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in IL-1β plus β-amyloid [25-35] fragment (A)-stimulated human astrocytoma cell line U373MG. JST alone had no effect on the cell viability. The production of IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with JST (1mg/㎖) on IL-1β plus A-stimulated U373MG cells. Maximal inhibition rate of IL-6 and IL-8 production by JST was about 41.22% (P<0.01) and 34.45% (P<0.05), respectively. The expression level of COX-2 protein was up-regulated by IL-1β plus A but the increased level of COX-2 was inhibited by pretreatment with JST (1 mg/㎖). These data indicate that JST has a regulatory effect on cytokine production and COX-2 expression, which might explain it's beneficial effect in the treatment of AD.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

Five coumarins, psoralen (1), scopoletin (2), isoimperatorin (4), (+)-marmesin (5) and xanthotoxin (6), three chromones, cimifugin (3), hamaudol (7) and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (10), one sterol, daucosterol (8) and one aliphatic alcohol, galactitol (9) were isolated from the root of Peucedanum japonicum. Their chemical structures were identified by the physicochemical and spectroscopic data by comparing literature values. Among them, compounds 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds were examined on cyclooxygenase (COX), compounds 1, 2 and 7 showed inhibitory activity on COX-1 with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.88, 0.27 and 0.30 mM, respectively. In the test for COX-2 activity, only compound 7 showed significant inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ value of 0.57 mM. The other compounds exhibited weak inhibitory or no inhibitory activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2009

Albizia julibrissin (AJ) has been used widely as a traditional medicine. In macrophages nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study we have examined the NO inhibition effect of 85% methanol extracts of AJ in mouse macrophage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to induce production of NO. Extracts of AJ (1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$) suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated ($100{\mu}g/ml$) mouse (C57BL/6) macrophages and analyzed by ELISA. In addition, it also attenuated the expression of inflammatory products like Interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NOS (iNOS) as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. These results suggest that 85% methanol extracts of AJ would be useful in inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2011

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in induction of innate immune responses. The activation of TLRs triggers inflammatory responses that are essential for host defense against invading pathogens. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) extracted from cruciferous vegetables has an effect on anti-inflammatory therapy. Dysregulated activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B (NF-${\kappa}$B), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to play important roles in the development of certain inflammatory disease. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of PEITC, NF-${\kappa}$B activation and COX-2 and iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 agonist), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C], TLR3 agonist), 2 kDa macrophageactivating lipopeptide (MALP-2, TLR2 and TLR6 agonist) or oligodeoxynucleotide 1668 (ODN1668, TLR9 agonist) were examined. PEITC inhibits the activation of NF-${\kappa}$B induced by LPS or Poly[I:C] but not by MALP-2 or ODN1668. PEITC also suppressed the iNOS expression induced by LPS or Poly[I:C]. However, PEITC did not suppress COX-2 expression induced by LPS, Poly[I:C], MALP-2, or ODN1668. These results suggest that PEITC has the specific mechanism for antiinflammatory responses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.522-531
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• 2003

Background : Hemorrhagic shock and trauma are two of the most common causes of acute lung injury. The activation of cyclooxygenase is one of the important causes of acute lung injury. This study investigated the effect of aspirin, a well-known cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on severe hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods : The hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood; 20ml/kg of B.W., through the femoral artery in 5 min. The mean arterial pressure was recorded through the femoral artery on a polygraph. Results : In the present investigation, the lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, protein contents and leukocyte counts, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased significantly 2 and 24 h after the hemorrhage induction. Although the decreased mean arterial pressure spontaneously recovered, acute lung injury occurred after severe hemorrhage. These changes were effectively prevented by a single intravenous injection of aspirin (10 mg/kg of B.W.) 30 min before the hemorrhage. Conclusion : These results suggest that severe hemorrhage-induced acute lung injury is mediated, in part, by the activation of cyclooxygenase. Furthermore, pretreatment of aspirin in acute lung injury-prone patients, or prophylactic treatment of aspirin to the patients with precipitating conditions, could be helpful in the prevention of acute lung injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2008

The fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis have been previously reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the constituents including geniposide, geniposidic acid, genipin and crocin were evaluated for their effects on prostaglandin and NO production in an attempt to establish anti-inflammatory cellular mechanisms. Among the constituents tested, only genipin significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2-mediated $PGE_2$ and inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated NO production from lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells at 10-100 ${\mu}$M. Genipin also inhibited nuclear transcription factor-${\kappa}B$ activation. Moreover, genipin showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity on ${\lambda}$-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (10.4-29.9% inhibition at 20-100 mg/kg, i.p.). All of these results suggest that genipin may contribute to anti-inflammatory activity of the fruits of G. jasminoides and an inhibitory action on prostaglandin and NO production is, at least, the part of anti-inflammatory mechanism of genipin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2008

The current work was designed to assess novel pharmacological activities of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HD), a major phenolic constituent of various natural products of plant origin, such as Gastrodia elata Blume. HD exhibited a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. HD also displayed an inhibitory effect in acetic acid-induced permeability in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HD was convinced using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HD was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. HD also diminished the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated in the LPS-activated macrophages. In brief, HD exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities possibly via down-regulating iNOS and/or COX-2, which may be partly responsible for pharmacological efficacies of various natural products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.198-198
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• 1996

Eupatilin은 급성위궤양 모델인 HCl-EtOH model에서 0.3mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며 10mg/kg에서 95% 최대효과를 나타내었고, indomethacin model에서는 0.8mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며, 10mg/kg에서 97% 최대억제효과를 나타내었다. Cyclooxygenase-1의 활성은 1.7, 5.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서 prostaglandin E$_2$와 prostacyclin의 생성을 각각 2배 촉진시켰으나, cyclooxygenase-2에 대한 활성에는 영향을 주지 않았다. FMLP로 활성화시킨 호중구에 대한 활성은 0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg에서 50% 억제하여 oxygen free radical 소거활성을 나타내었고, 반면 xanthine oxidase 및 iron-dependant lipid peroxidation 활성에 대해서는 78.8, 26.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서50% 억제를 보였다. 5-lipooxygenase 활성은 2.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 에서 염증매개인자인 leukotriene B$_4$ 생성을 50% 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 애엽추출의 항궤양 효과는 prostaglandin의 생성촉진 및 oxygen free radical 과 leukotriene B4와 같은 공격인자의 생성억제 등의 복합적인 작용에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2006

An in vitro bioassay-guide revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Populus davidiana showed considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2). Continuous phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of this plant led to the isolation of ten flavonoids; sakuranetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), 7-O-methylaromadendrin (3), naringenin (4), eriodictyol (5), aromadendrin (6), kaempferol (7), neosakuranin (8), sakuranin (9) and sakurenetin-5,4'-di-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds, 1-10, were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 7 was found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-1 and a moderate effect on COX-2, meanwhile, compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibition against COX-1 only. Moreover, compounds 5-8 exhibited suppressive effects on xanthine oxidase (XO). These results may explain, in part, the traditional uses of P. davidiana in ethnomedicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 2006

We investigated the effect of protein extract of Asterina pectinifera on the activity of 4 enzymes that may playa role in adenocarcinoma of the colon: quinone reductase (QR), glutathione Stransferase (GST), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. QR and GST activity increased in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells increased that had been exposed to 4 concentrations of the protein extract (80, 160, 200, and $240{\mu}g/mL$). Additionally, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ODC activity decreased significantly in cells exposed to the extract in concentrations of $160{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05), $200{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.005), and $240{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.005). TPA-induced COX-2 activity also decreased in cells exposed to extract concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and $60{\mu}g/mL$. COX-2 expression was also inhibited in cells exposed to this extract. These results suggest that this protein extract of A pectinifera has chemopreventive activity in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, and therefore, may have the potential to function as a chemopreventive agent in human colorectal cancer.