• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2022

A huge budget is spent on technological solutions to protect Information Systems from cyberattacks by organizations. However, it is not enough to invest alone in technology-based protection and to keep humans out of the cyber loop. Humans are considered the weakest link in cybersecurity chain and most of the time unaware that their actions and behaviors have consequences in cyber space. Therefore, humans' aspects cannot be neglected in cyber security field. In this work we carry out a systematic literature review to identify human factors in cybersecurity. A total of 27 papers were selected to be included in the review, which focuses on the human factors in cyber security. The results show that in total of 14 identified human factors, risk perception, lack of awareness, IT skills and gender are considered critical for organization as for as cyber security is concern. Our results presented a further step in understanding human factors that may cause issues for organizations in cyber space and focusing on the need of a customized and inclusive training and awareness programs.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

Because intelligent and organized cyber attack, It is difficult to respond to cyber threats with only a small number of information security experts. Accordingly, information security department compared to 2013 it increased by 17%. But there was a problem that cannot train appropriate students for companies. This research examined the Workforce Framework and Knowledge Units for improving this situation. Based on this, educational department in cyber security major was selected to be learning at the university. And it proposed a plan for a managing course to operate. And the result will be utilized as fundamental research of human resources medium- and long-term demand and supply planning in cyber security department.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2019

Cyber security evaluation is a series of processes that estimate the level of risk of assets and systems through asset analysis, threat analysis and vulnerability analysis and apply appropriate security measures. In order to prepare for increasing cyber attacks, systematic cyber security evaluation is required. Various indicators for measuring cyber security level such as CWSS and CVSS have been developed, but the quantitative method to apply appropriate security measures according to the risk priority through the standardized security evaluation result is insufficient. It is needed that an Scoring system taking into consideration the characteristics of the target assets, the applied environment, and the impact on the assets. In this paper, we propose a quantitative risk assessment model based on the analysis of existing cyber security scoring system and a method for quantification of assessment factors to apply to the established model. The level of qualitative attribute elements required for cyber security evaluation is expressed as a value through security requirement weight by AHP, threat influence, and vulnerability element applying probability. It is expected that the standardized cyber security evaluation system will be established by supplementing the limitations of the quantitative method of applying the statistical data through the proposed method.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

When a large-scale cyber attack or terrorism occurs and the country suffers enormous damage or poses a fatal threat to security, social interest in nurturing cybersecurity workforce increases. In addition, the government often suggests policies and guideline to train cybersecurity workforce. However, the system that can systematically manage trained cyber workforce after they are employed in related organizations or companies is still weak. Software workforce has a standardized qualification level model, so appropriate jobs are set and managed for each level. Cyber workforce also need a specialized qualification level model that takes into account their career, academic background, and education&training performance. By assigning a qualification level, the duties that can be performed for each level should be set, and the position and duty of the department should also be assigned in consideration of the level. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a qualification level model for cyber security workforce.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2024

In this study, we proposed security information and event management for ship as a technology to respond to maritime cybersecurity regulations and evolving cyber threats. We analyze the main technologies of network management system and security information and event management, which are representative technologies for responding to ship cyber security, and propose SIEM for ships based on this. Optimized for ships based on the International Maritime Organization's Maritime Cyber Threat Management Guidelines, IACS UR E26, 27, etc. Derive the main functions of the SIEM for ship, linkage and normalization plan for the ship's heterogeneous equipment, ship's cyber threat and ship detection policy to identify ship's cyber security threats, and ship's operating environment and operating personnel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.401-415
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• 2019

Recently, there has been a lot of studies and efforts to strengthen the stability of critical infrastructures against increasing cyber attacks to critical infrastructures. In this thesis, I defined what cyber threats are, after showing you various definitions about what cyber threats are and what the types are. After studying about significant cyber threats from China, I showed you the realities of cyber threats with the analysis about starting points, types of cyber threats, ratios of attacks and so on. At last, I defined guidelines about unnecessary oversea IP range blocking. Also, I proposed unnecessary oversea IP range blocking methodologies with per information system and per network system. Furthermore, I proposed blocking characteristics per security equipment and security operation improvement and blocking effects and service process to normal oversea users.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2020

The In the 4^th industrial revolution, cyber space will evolve into hyper-connectivity, super-convergence, and super-intelligence due to the development of advanced information and communication technologies, which will connect the nation's core infrastructure into a single network. As applying the 4^th industrial revolution technology to the cyber attack technique, it is evolving in an intelligent and sophisticate method. In order to response intelligent cyber attacks, it is difficult to guarantee self-defense in cyberspace by policy-oriented, preplanned-centric and hierarchical cyber response strategies. Therefore, this research aims to propose a situation-flexible & action-oriented cyber response mechanism that can respond flexibly by selecting the most optimal smart security solution according to changes in the cyber attack steps. The proposed cyber response mechanism operates the smart security solutions according to the action-oriented detailed strategies. In addition, artificial intelligence-based decision-making systems are used to select the smart security technology with the best responsiveness.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2016

The occurrence of cyber crime is on the rise every year, and the security control center, which should play a crucial role in monitoring and early response against the cyber attacks targeting various information systems, its importance has increased accordingly. Every endeavors to prevent cyber attacks is being attempted by information security personnel of government and financial sector's security control center, threat response Center, cyber terror response center, Cert Team, SOC(Security Operator Center) and else. The ordinary method to monitor cyber attacks consists of utilizing the security system or the network security device. It is anticipated, however, to be insufficient since this is simply one dimensional way of monitoring them based on signatures. There has been considerable improvement of the security control system and researchers also have conducted a number of studies on monitoring methods to prevent threats to security. In accordance with the environment changes from ESM to SIEM, the security control system is able to be provided with more input data as well as generate the correlation analysis which integrates the processed data, by extraction and parsing, into the potential scenarios of attack or threat. This article shows case studies how to detect the threat to security in effective ways, from the initial phase of the security control system to current SIEM circumstances. Furthermore, scenarios based security control systems rather than simple monitoring is introduced, and finally methods of producing the correlation analysis and its verification methods are presented. It is expected that this result contributes to the development of cyber attack monitoring system in other security centers.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.669-672
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of cyber attacks and major threat scenarios that could occur around intelligent building management Systems(IBS) by cyber attack security threats against cyber physics systems. Generally determined that lowering the likelihood of aggression against predictable threats would be a more realistic approach to attack response. The countermeasures against this need to be applied to multi-layered defense systems, and three alternatives were proposed: preliminary cyber safety diagnosis for protection targets and the establishment of mobile security control systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.657-673
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• 2019

As various IT and OT systems such as Electronic Chart Display and Information System and Automatic Identification System are used for ships, security elements that take into account even the ship's construction and navigation environment are required. However, cyber security research on the ship and shipbuilding ICT equipment industries is still lacking, and there is a lack of systematic methodologies through threat modeling. In this paper, the Data Flow Diagram was established in consideration of stakeholders approaching the ship system. Based on the Attack Library, which collects the security vulnerabilities and cases of ship systems, STRIDE methodologies and threat modeling using the Attack Tree are designed to identify possible threats from ships and to present ship cyber security measures.