• 의학교육논단
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2010

It is the most important thing at present for physicians to posses the qualification of medical professionalism. A lot of medical schools have made all-out efforts to develop leaders of medicine, who will be able to meet the needs of medical professionalism in this complex medical environment. The purpose of this study is to review the cognitive base of medical professionalism leading the curriculum development of medical professionalism. The discussion of medical professionalism started in the 20th century. During the 1960s, there were attempts to reshape the concepts and attributes of medical professionalism. The government began to intervene in the autonomy of physician and the self regulation policy of medical society in 1970s. Physician may be asked to play as a healer and professional (what?) during their medical practice. The fundamental role of healer such as care, compassion, honesty, integrity, confidentiality, ethical behaviors, and respect with patients were nothing fresh to tell even though the age was changed. The attributes of professional which are physician's autonomy, self regulation, teamwork, and responsibility to society has been changed dramatically over the past five decades. In general, medical educators agreed that professionalism is demonstrated through a foundation of clinical competence, communication skills, and ethical and legal understanding, upon which is built application of the principles of professionalism: excellence, accountability, altruism, and humanism. If physicians fail to show professionalism in society, they will confront the crisis which can be under the government control. The only way to keep their autonomy is to practice medical professionalism. So far today, medical schools have laid more stress on competence than value standards in educational systems and it was restricted for medical students to learn the value standards for medical practice. To understand and practice the medical professionalism, it is the most realistic way to solve the complicated medical problems.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2002

The study aims to investigate the process of professional socialization of oriental medical students, to analyze influencing factors on it, and to compare the results with those of western medical students. Professional socialization, in the context of this study, means the process through which a layperson becomes a profession equipped with professional identity and values. A survey using specially designed questionnaire was carried out in 1999. The data were collected from 11 oriental medical colleges for 2,656 students. A total of 2,597 cases was finally included in the statistical analysis. Analysis of factors related to professional value found that oriental medical students thought highly of human-oriented factors, followed by science and status, and this trend remained unchanged as they moved on to qualification. Among professionalism related items, those involved in professional regulation and dominance factors showed high scores, while showing low scores on items related to bio-ethics and autonomy factors. Unlike items of professional value, those of professionalism showed a notable difference in attitude statistically by schooling level. The average scores of factors for professionalism increased with increasing schooling years. This trend proved that oriental medical students acquired professional norms and attitudes through their educational period. Multiple regression analysis with the factors related to professional value and professionalism as dependent variables found that independent variables had some impact on science, status, and clinical autonomy, but no impact on human, policy autonomy, and professional regulation factors. In conclusion, with increasing schooling years, professional norms and attitudes of oriental medical students were also strengthened. And, in spite of the differences in general propensity, they have a base consciousness in common with western medical students. The difference of mind-set and attitudes related to professionalism in the two groups, however, considering the necessity of future cooperative relations, indicated that a common curriculum between both schools is needed, and the education of social medicine should be strengthened in oriental medical colleges.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.935-955
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• 2016

본 연구는 해방 이후 현재까지 우리나라 중학교 사회과교육과정의 변천 과정을 정리하고, 그에 따른 지리교육의 목표와 내용 변화를 통합구조와 수준에 초점을 맞춰 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교수요목기부터 제3차 교육과정까지 중학교 사회과교육의 지리, 역사, 일반사회는 분과적으로 운영되었으나 제4차 교육과정에서 제7차 교육과정까지 중학교 사회과교육과정의 실질적 통합 요구가 강해졌다. 2007 개정 교육과정 이후 역사가 사회과교육과정으로부터 과목 독립하고, 학년마다 배치되었던 학제적 통합 단원도 사라지는 등 통합교과로서 사회과교육의 정체성이 흔들렸다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지리와 일반 사회만으로 구성된 중학교 사회과의 기형적 통합구조는 여전히 유지되고 있다. 둘째, 사회과 통합에 대한 요구가 강할수록 각 학문영역 간 시수 확보 경쟁 또한 치열해져 학습자의 학습 부담도 증가했다. 그리고 중학교 사회과 통합구조는 지리학과 지리교육의 간극을 점차 벌렸고, 지식과 학생 경험의 괴리도 넓혔다. 이처럼 중학교 사회과 통합구조는 지리교육과정의 목표와 내용 조직의 상위 요인으로 작용하여 의미 있는 지리교육과정을 개발하는데 걸림돌로 작용했다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.195-230
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• 2000

In this paper I tried to get an overall view of the training course of German archivists, based on the curriculum of Marburger Archivschule. In Germany the short-term training courses are offered by some archives and also graduate-level course is offered by a college in Potzdam. Marburger Schule is, however, said to be a representative institute for training of archivists in Germany because the institute has a long history and its graduates have been playing a leading role in the archival science and archival administration of Germany. By examining the curriculum of the Marburger Schule, I tried to analyze the important elements which have decided the shaping of curriculum historically. I also examined the general prerequisite to be an archivist in Germany, including qualification-examination in order to see how the high standards of German archivists can be maintained. There are three kinds of training courses in Marburger Schule: course for academic archivists, course for administrative archivists, short-term course for complementary training. The former two main courses are runned in association with each state archives(staatliche Archive, Landesarchive) in the Federal Republic of Germany along the line of public regulation. These courses consist of theoretical and practical education. Marburger Schule is charged with the theoretical education, while each local government(Landesregiergung) runs the training system according to its own rules with autonomy. The education of archivists must be structured to fill the expected role in a society to which archivists belong. The image of archivist changes in the course of times and makes a greate many differences according to the conditions and tradition of a country. The whole system of formal education is also related with the style of managing of Archives in each country. Therefore an example of a country can not be taken so easily as a model. The education system of archivists must be interpreted in the relation with the historical condition of a country and its administrative system of archives.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.405-423
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• 1998

This study aims to reflect the origin and the meaning of open education and to derive pedagogical principles for open mathematics education. Open education originates from Socrates who was the founder of discovery learning and has been developed by Locke, Rousseau, Froebel, Montessori, Dewey, Piaget, and so on. Thus open education is based on Humanism and Piaget's psychology. The aim of open education consists in developing potentials of children. The characteristics of open education can be summarized as follows: open curriculum, individualized instruction, diverse group organization and various instruction models, rich educational environment, and cooperative interaction based on open human relations. After considering the aims and the characteristics of open education, this study tries to suggest the aims and the directions for open mathematics education according to the philosophy of open education. The aim of open mathematics education is to develop mathematical potentials of children and to foster their mathematical appreciative view. In order to realize the aim, this study suggests five pedagogical principles. Firstly, the mathematical knowledge of children should be integrated by structurizing. Secondly, exploration activities for all kinds of real and concrete situations should be starting points of mathematics learning for the children. Thirdly, open-ended problem approach can facilitate children's diverse ways of thinking. Fourthly, the mathematics educators should emphasize the social interaction through small-group cooperation. Finally, rich educational environment should be provided by offering concrete and diverse material. In order to make open mathematics education effective, some considerations are required in terms of open mathematics curriculum, integrated construction of textbooks, autonomy of teachers and inquiry into children's mathematical capability.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2009

An evaluation in school education systems should identify what students achieve and what they do not. Since 2010, if the health education curriculum is provided as a selective course in middle and high school settings, the national health education standards are required because these affect on students' applications of a higher stage of education. It would be better that each school follows their autonomy to evaluate each student's achievement on the health education. In addition, the national health education standards should be set to assess the effectiveness of seven categories in health education. It is hard to achieve good results through 17 hours of the health education per a semester. Therefore, the health education would be better to provide more than 50 hours per a semester, and the 3th graders instead of 5th graders are suitable for taking the health education because they are more flexible to change their lifestyle toward healthier life. There are two categories in the health education, such as "Mental Health" and "Society and Health" which are expanded from originally seven categories of the health education. Moreover, professional training programs for school nurses should be provided because these two categories are relatively a new domain for them. Finally, all elementary middle and high schools have a school nurse to decrease inequal opportunities of the health education between urban and rural area. When these suggestions are all set in school systems, our students' health behaviors will be improved as well as the effectiveness of the health education.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2023

The aim of this paper is to find directions for improving creativity education in a research-oriented college of engineering. As a method, we interviewed 17 professors and 7 students from a research-oriented college of engineering in Seoul, South Korea and learned about their experiences related to creativity education. As a result, we were able to identify 6 topics on which the interviewees' opinions vary. We found that most professors we interviewed did not think creativity was important in their classrooms as they thought passing on engineering knowledge was more important in foundational engineering education, and creativity is hard to define. However, their evaluation method in class showed that they valued creativity, and were trying to teach creativity with little success. Also, while the professors thought they needed more communication with the students to improve creativity education, the students thought they needed more autonomy. In consideration of our findings, we proposed 4 directions for improving creativity education in a research-oriented college of engineering. First, shift perspective on the foundational education for engineering. Second, connect basic curriculum and extracurricular activities. Third, actively connect basic curriculum with the industry. Finally, provide appropriate facilities that enable different types of interactions between professors and students.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 농어촌 소규모 중학교의 교육과정 편성·운영 개선방안을 도출하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 교사·학생 면담과 수업관찰을 통하여 교육과정 편성·운영 실태와 요구를 분석하였다. 전국을 5개 권역으로 나누어 권역별 2개교 씩 총10개 농어촌 소규모 중학교의 사례를 분석하였다. 연구결과 교육과정 측면에서 통합운영학교의 학교(급) 간 교육과정 연계 미흡, 지역사회 측면에서 농어촌 지역 내 교육 시설 및 문화 공간 부족, 교사 수급 측면에서 농어촌 소규모 중학교 교사 수급 문제에 대한 근본적인 해결책 마련 필요와 같은 쟁점을 도출 할 수 있었다. 논의된 쟁점을 중심으로 다음과 같은 교육과정 편성·운영 개선방안을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 교육과정 측면에서 내실 있는 학교(급) 간 통합운영학교 및 공동 교육과정 운영을 위해서는 농어촌 소규모 중학교의 교육과정 편성·운영의 자율권을 대폭 확대할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 지역사회 측면에서 농어촌 지역 내 교육 시설 및 문화 공간 부족에 대한 개선방안으로 교육 및 문화 중심지로서의 학교 공간 혁신과 학생 교육활동 안전 및 편의성 증진을 위한 교통 시스템 구축을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 교사 측면에서 순회교사 운영의 어려움을 개선하기 위해서는 교육청 수준에서 교·강사 인력풀의 체계적인 확대 및 운영 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-63
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• 1999

As the environmental problems are recognized as daily problems in our lives, not as issues of those who are engaged in specific professional fields, the interest in environmental education is increasing gradually. The environmental education is the one that studies the environment and its problems and seeks the solutions for them. This paper deals with how the Korean subject will include environmental education. The environmental problems are already dealt with in the Korean textbooks according to the 6th curriculum for the Korean subject. A noticeable fact is that those textbooks connect the skills for language skills with environmental education. That is, the textbooks try to improve 4 language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) with the Korean data related to environment, which can be the most practical means. This tendency will be also reflected in the 7th curriculum for the Korean subject, and the means will be taken by which environmental education will be able to be implemented more effectively through a variety of learning activities. In case of speaking and listening, learning activities such as speaking of, listening to, or discussing the contents concerning environmental problems can be recommended. In case of reading and literature, learning activities such as reading articles or works concerning environmental problems. Through these learning activities the Korean education will be able to achieve the goal in the fields of knowledge, information, and autonomy or attitudes which are the goals of environmental education. If the contents of the Korean curriculum are described in detail, it can be known that the Korean subject have someting to do with knowledge, skills, and recognition more deeply. In the methods In obtain information and knowledge, it will be desirable to recognize knowledge and information indirectly through various reading data rather than to recognize knowledge and information directly. Or it will be desirable to increase the sensitivity about environmental problems through literary works. For this environmental education in the above, we need to utilize discussion or presentation-oriented leaching and learning in the Korean education. Also we need to approach environmental problems by using various teaching media. We need to emphasize the education in the affective domain, especially through expression of emotions. guidance of reactions, internalization, personification, and so on.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2018

최근 들어 대학들은 학사구조의 다변화를 추구하고 있으며, 다전공 과정(연계전공, 융합전공, 자율전공, 자기설계전공 등) 도입으로 전공 및 학과 간 상호연계를 기반으로 융합인재양성에 노력을 기울이고 있다. 본 연구는 충청권 4개 대학이 연합으로 추진한 '글로벌 창의융합전공'의 설계 운영과정의 단계별 주요요소를 도출하고, 주요특징을 바탕으로 운영모델과 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 융합전공 운영모델은 대학 간 특화영역 연계를 통한 교육체계(인재상, 교육목표, 역량요소, 교육과정)의 구성하고, 역량요소(창의역량, 융합역량, 문제해결역량, 글로벌역량)를 기반으로 교과 및 비교과프로그램의 연계를 설계하였다. 융합전공 운영모델은 과정 및 단계에 따라 주요활동을 체계화함으로써 운영되고 있으며, 프로젝트 기반의 성과중심 지원프로세스를 구축함으로써 국내외 대회 참가, 국제발명대회 참가, 글로벌 역량강화를 지원하여 창의융합 인재양성에 기여하고 있다.