• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.438-451
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• 1996

This study was performed to provide basic data for design of maternity brassiere. In order to find out transformation of breast size, shape and volume properties during the period of pregnancy, direct measurements of 306 subjects using Martin's anthropometer and indirect measurements using photography were conducted. And also breast surface area, volume and assumed weight using the molding of adhisive sheet are calculated. The results are as follows; 1) Size (breast widths, depths, girths and lengths) of the breast of pregnant woman are gradually increased during pregnancy. But underbust girth is decreased after delivery. 2) Front view of the breast is gradully dropped and widened. 3) Surface area, volume were measured for each stage of pregnancy, and weights of breasts were estimated. The surface area of breast of latter stage of prgnancy was increased 1.7 times comparing with the early stage. 4) Changes of bust girth, breast depth, underbust girth, volume and estimated breast weight during pregnancy should be considered for cup size, cup shape, width and strain of strap, and width of the wings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.2 s.38
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• pp.189-198
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• 1991

The object of this study is to perceive the discomforts of the brassiere consumers according to their age groups & weight groups. The study procedures consisted of a status quo study, a rating on fit and performance according to brassiere types. 1. The result of the status quo study are as follows. (1) The study showed that with getting age bust circumference and bust size become larger with a bigger tendency to droop. Thus older age, bigger bust circumference and size require a technically improved version of brassieres. (2) Slightly tight fit brassieres were favored over more ample ones. The hobbling areas were center front, under armpits, and shoulder strapareas in that order. 2. The results of fit rating on different brassiere types are as follows. (1) The areas affected by brassiere performance were length from side neck point to bust point (bust length), width between bust points and bust height. (2) Compared among brassiere types, the wire type proved most effective. The bigger cup size group had higher satisfactory rate and low discomfort on wearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.887-895
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• 2014

The study provides baseline data on developing ready-to-wear clothes for adult females in their twenties who have finished shaping their bodies and have realized an ideal shape. We analyzed the data from females aged from 20 to 29 in "The $5^{th}$ Size Korea Survey" and "The $6^{th}$ Size Korea Survey", and sorted body shapes into several types according to drop values before analyzing and comparing the characteristics among groups. We also referred to the change by year in the size of upper inner wear. To classify body shapes, three drop values were assigned for bust girth - waist girth, hip girth - waist girth, hip girth - bust girth; through cluster analysis all data were classified into three body types. Type 1 is more like normal body shapes with small drop values at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build lower body. Type 2 is X-shaped body shaped like a fiddle with big drop values at all parts. Type 3 is Y-shaped body with a big drop value at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build upper body. Type 2, X-shaped body, has the majority of distribution in every year, which proved to be the most idealistic body shape. There was a change in the brassiere cup size. Korean ladies in their twenties have larger breasts. The body shapes of Korean females in their twenties are increasingly like those of westerners. Bust girth is a very critical element to set measurements and design patterns for upper wear; consequently, a change in the size of breasts should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.5-18
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest size specifications for the development of mastectomy bras and breast prostheses. To collect anthropometric data, 250 middle aged women's body measurement were taken and the data were analyzed by statistical methods such as ANOVA, correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results of the analysis of measurement data showed that lengths. breadths, depths, circumferences are increased significantly when getting older. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was no direct linear relationship between chest circumference and cup size. From 29 measurements, 4 factors were selected as key factors by the tractor analysis and the breast type were classified into 2 groups by cluster analysis. To set up sizing systems for the mastectomy brassiere, chest circumference and cup size were selected and the loss function was used to decide Intervals of each of them. 6 sizes from chest circumference and 4 sizes from cup sizes were picked, Breast breadth, breast length and breast height were chosen to establish sizing systems for the breast prosthesis. To decide intervals of each of them, the loss function was used and 8 sizes from composition of the 3 factors were picked.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-35
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop brassiere pattern designed to fit the breast shapes based on ESMOD pattern. It has three quarters cup round shape and also consists of three parts; upper cup, lower cup, and wings. Breast types are classified into five shapes; ideal breast, flat breast, upper developed breast, lower developed breast, and projecting breast. Two subjects for each breast type wore the brassiere, and they evaluated the appearance and wearing twice. Type I for research pattern designed to fit into the breast shape reflecting details of breast size were assessed as superior to the divided commercial type. However, wings' tightness of Type I for research pattern brassiere was high. Thus, to improve wearing satisfaction, extra was added to wing. Based on the results of wearing experiments of Type I for research, we adjusted and modified Type II for research pattern. Subsequently, its appearance and wearing were evaluated, in order to be improved. For upper developed breast pattern, we extended the length of lower part to balance upper and lower part, as the upper part was somewhat long. The lower developed breast has the closest feature to the ideal breast, suggestive that implies it does not require much improvement Projecting breast pattern has minimal space in the lower part, so we added the support to lift them to be similar to the ideal breasts. For all the breast shapes, we reduced the wings' tightness from 8% to 7% so that we could extend the length of the wings.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.419-432
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate preferences and satisfaction levels in maternity and nursing brassiere. A questionnaire was conducted on 302 women from their 20s to 40s who had breastfeeding experience. The questionnaire included questions on participant demographics, purchase behavior, and design preference and satisfaction levels. The majority(98.0%) of the participants had had experience using maternity/nursing brassieres. More than 90% of the participants agreed with the need for maternity/nursing brassieres distinct from regular ones. Shopping online was the most common means of purchasing them. The most and second-most owned fastener types were the detachable shoulder belt type and inside-cup type, respectively. The most selected reason for purchasing or wearing a maternity/nursing brassiere was the convenience of donning and doffing the brassiere during breastfeeding. Participants had lower satisfaction levels with how well maternity/nursing brassieres support and center the breasts, and with the variety of designs available on the market. Respondents indicated that fasteners for breastfeeding should be developed to provide comfort and convenience for breastfeeding. Wearing comfort was reported as the most important factor in purchasing selection, both during the pregnancy and breastfeeding periods. No-wire, back closure, full-cup, U-shape wing, and skin color were the most preferred design styles.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.447-457
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• 2003

The shape of womens breast is the most important part of body silhouette. For the high-fitted clothes, in particular, more refined brassiere effective enough to show the beautiful line of female breast is asked. This study focuses on comparing the difference of the two different textiles of brassiere as to their effectiveness as a brassiere. The Stockman Lingerie Mannequin made by England is used for the draping method for the brassiere pattern. Two different brassieres of stretchable and unstretchable(cotton) textiles respectively were made out of this pattern, and the difference of effectiveness wearing the two brassieres was compared. 30 females ranging in the ages of 19 through 24, and whose size is 75A were selected as the test group who are to wear them. The result of each measurement proves that the cotton brassiere is more effective than the stretchable brassiere as a whole considering center concentration of breast, projection of breast, and bust up function. The result of the test on satisfaction of wearing brassiere was also in favor of cotton brassiere as to projection effect, bust up effect, making a good shape of bust. For the cup, in particular, unstretchable textile is more effective for making a breast look better.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop designs and patterns of a functional brassiere. For this purpose, women who have protruding and drooping breasts with 75B for their brassiere size were sampled. The fitting test for the fitness and function of test brassiere and control brassiere were carried out twice and compared the results from the both in terms of front, rear and side looks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The results from measuring the level of sag and spread, and volume and protrusion of breasts shows that there are some distinctive differences in the measurements before and after wearing the test brassiere and the test brassiere is proved to be very effective in correcting breasts' shapes. 2. Front look: Since the two front cutting lines of the test brassiere served to have the curved main part pressing against the breasts, it could support breasts to more than satisfactory level. In addition, upperline panel and side panels of the test brassiere were found to have the upperline of the upper cup pressed against the breasts and at the same time it pressed and gathered the flab around upper part of the breasts and armpits that helped to rearrange the shape of the breasts. It is also proved that the two-pieced test brassier was found to be more functional in supporting the lower cup of the breasts. 3. Rear look: The test brassier was made up of two wide U-shaped wings with 2.5cm tape on its lower sides. Each wing has 4 lines and 3 hems (5.5cm). For this reason, the test brassiere was tighter and better fitted on its back. 4. Side look and entire look: The wings of the test brassiere might look wider than that of the control brassier which has conventional straight-shaped wings, but it was analyzed that the test brassiere held the upper and lower sides of the wings more effectively to be more pressed against the breast. Therefore, the test brassiere scored higher in terms of adjusting to body movements, while the control brassiere looked better in overall terms. 5. The functional brassier fur protruding and drooping breasts developed from the experiments of this study is a full side stretch brassiere which covers the entire breasts satisfactorily. The pattern drafting methods are suggested in to .

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.943-954
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the breast growth variation trends and characteristics of Korean adolescent girls based on 3D body measurements. Subjects were 174 girls aged between 13 and 18. 3D body scanning data were collected and the data were measured by Geomagic Design X program. The total of 18 anthropometric measurements and 4 index items were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) Overall, the breast growth of adolescent girls got out of children's body shapes at the age of 14 and the adult's body shapes appeared remarkably at the age of 18. Before the age of 15, the adolescent girls' breast enlarged. 2) The surface lengths of upper body, which means the breast volume, showed significant growth above B cup groups rather than under A cup groups. The demand of B cup size (32.2%) was higher than A cup size (25.9%). And 35.6% of subjects' brassiere band size was 70. 3) The thorax grew evenly in the circumference, depth and breadth. The thoracic development related to the breast volume as well as the whole upper body's development. These results reveal that it is necessary to develop adolescent girls' brassiere reflecting on adolescent girls' breast growth variation trends and characteristics by age, breast size and thoracic development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.4 s.163
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• pp.633-645
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop brassiere patterns which are both fitting and functional for women aged 19 to 24(the 1924 generation). We suggested a 'size chart for body measurements' for constructing basic brassiere patterns with six sizes of '70, 75', 'AA, A, B cups', which are used most frequently by the 1924 generation consumers. The scope of research was in reference to the statistical analysis results of the Size Korea(2004) body measurements and the results of the data from the preceding research. The 'drafting method for constructing basic brassiere patterns for the 1924 generation consumers' was completed by selecting a total of 18 subjects, 3 for each six sizes in the scope of research, and three wearing tests were carried out with the subjects. We compiled one brassiere pattern in six sizes obtained with the drafting method of constructing a basic brassiere pattern on another by block pattern in order to observe the phase of change in dimensions and shapes of paper pattern. The result was converted into the variations of a x-axis and a y-axis, and we suggested 'Size Grading Rule' and 'Cup Grading Rule' for the basic brassiere patterns. As the results of the wearing evaluation of the basic brassieres and measuring the variation in body dimensions by wearing brassieres, the dimensions and shapes of the basic brassieres suggested in this research proved to be fitting and to have a wearing effect that brings together and supports the breasts.