• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2011

By virtue of chord-length density function from the field of statistical physics, this paper introduced a quantitative approach to estimate the distribution of cement paste thickness between aggregates in concrete. Dynamics mixing method based on molecular dynamics was employed to generate one model structure, then image analysis algorithm was used to obtain the distribution of thickness of cement paste in model structure for the purpose of verification. By comparison of probability density curves and cumulative probability curves of the cement paste thickness among neighboring aggregates, it is found that the theoretical results are consistent with the simulation. Furthermore, for the model mortar and concrete mixtures with practical volume fraction of Fuller-type aggregate, this analytical formula was employed to predict the influence of aggregate volume fraction and aggregate fineness. And evolution of its mean values were also investigated with the variation of volume fraction of aggregate as well as the fineness of aggregates in model mortars and concretes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

Kullback-Leibler (KL) information is a measure of discrepancy between two probability density functions. However, several nonparametric density function estimators have been considered in estimating KL information because KL information is not well-defined on the empirical distribution function. In this paper, we consider the KL information of the equilibrium distribution function, which is well defined on the empirical distribution function (EDF), and propose an EDF-based goodness of fit test statistic. We evaluate the performance of the proposed test statistic for an exponential distribution with Monte Carlo simulation. We also extend the discussion to the censored case.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2014

Let {$X_n$, $n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with absolutely continuous cumulative distribution function(cdf) F(x) and the corresponding probability density function(pdf) f(x). In this paper, we give characterizations of Pareto and Weibull distribution by considering conditional expectations of record values.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2009

Let {$X_{n},\;n\;\geq\;1$} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with absolutely continuous cumulative distribution function (cdf) F(x) and probability density function (pdf) f(x). Suppose $X_{U(m)},\;m = 1,\;2,\;{\cdots}$ be the upper record values of {$X_{n},\;n\;\geq\;1$}. It is shown that the linearity of the conditional expectation of $X_{U(n+2)}$ given $X_{U(n)}$ characterizes the lomax, exponential and pareto distributions.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2016

Many of studies have suggested the modifications on Weibull distribution to model the non-monotone hazards. In this paper, we combine two cumulative hazard functions and propose a new modified Weibull distribution function. The newly suggested distribution will be named as a new flexible Weibull distribution. Corresponding hazard function of the proposed distribution shows flexible (monotone or non-monotone) shapes. We study the characteristics of the proposed distribution that includes ageing behavior, moment, and order statistic. We also discuss an estimation method for its parameters. The performance of the proposed distribution is compared with existing modified Weibull distributions using various types of hazard functions. We also use real data example to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed distribution.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

본 논문은 블랙박스 적용을 위한 적응형 히스토그램 스트레칭 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 알고리즘은 자동차 개인 저장장치 영상을 이용한 차량 번호판 검출을 위한 전처리 단계로 사용하였다. 제안 방식은 확률밀도함수(PDF: Probability Density Function)와 누적분포함수(CDF: Cumulative Density) 이용하여 영상의 밝기 분포도를 분석하였다. 이 두 함수는 일정한 간격을 두고 샘플링 한 영상을 사용하여 구하였다. 두 함수를 이용하여 영상의 특성을 분석하여, 특정 인자를 검출하였다. 검출된 인자를 분포도에 따라 각각 다른 스트레칭을 수행하였다. 알고리즘 검증은 촬영 된 자동차 개인 저장장치 영상을 사용하였다. 기존 알고리즘 비교는 시각적인 평가, 히스토그램 분포, 표준 및 표준 편차 값을 분석하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션 결과를 자동차 번호판 인식 알고리즘에 적용하여 번호판 인식율을 분석하였다. 기존 알고리즘보다 열화 현상이 적게 나타났고, 향상된 콘트라스트 값을 통하여, 차량 번호판 검출에서 기존 알고리즘보다 정확한 위치가 나타났다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제9A권2호
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• pp.267-270
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• 2002

비중심 $\chi^2$분포의 누적분포 함수의 계산은 $\chi^2$검정에서 검정력 계산에 요구된다. 본 논문서는 중심 $\chi^2$분포 함수를 통하여 비중심 $\chi^2$분포 함수의 계산을 구하는 알고리즘을 제시하고 있으며 기존의 접근 방법에 의한 계산 결과와 비교하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2014

일반적으로 특정한 작업에 익숙해진다는 것은 그 작업에 투입되는 노력에 비해 산출되는 성과가 보다 뚜렷해진다는 것을 의미한다. 동일한 양이나 정도의 노력을 들여 특정한 작업을 반복적으로 수행하게 되면 초기 시점보다 원하는 성과를 기대 이상으로 얻게 된다는 것을 의미한다. 이를 학습곡선효과(learning-curve effects)'라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 특정한 작업을 반복시행한 결과가 개수형인 형태로 측정되는 변수에 대해 (역)S자 형태를 가지는 통계적 모형을 적용하고자 한다. 다양한 모의실험 하에서의 모형의 성능을 평가하고 특정질환으로 인한 사망자 자료에 적합하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2009

For an inverse double Weibull distribution which is symmetric about zero, we obtain distribution and moment of ratio of independent inverse double Weibull variables, and also obtain the cumulative distribution function and moment of a skew-symmetric inverse double Weibull distribution. And we introduce a skew-symmetric inverse double Weibull generated by a double Weibull distribution.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

We propose a fuzzy neural network (FNN) theory capable of deciding the quality of a road image prior to extracting lane-related information. The accuracy of lane-related information obtained by image processing depends on the quality of the raw images, which can be classified as good or bad according to how visible the lane marks on the images are. Enhancing the accuracy of the information by an image-processing algorithm is limited due to noise corruption which makes image processing difficult. The FNN, on the other hand, decides whether road images are good or bad with respect to the degree of noise corruption. A cumulative distribution function (CDF), a function of edge histogram, is utilized to extract input parameters from the FNN according to the fact that the shape of the CDF is deeply correlated to the road image quality. A suitability analysis shows that this deep correlation exists between the parameters and the image quality. The input pattern vector of the FNN consists of nine parameters in which eight parameters are from the CDF and one is from the intensity distribution of raw images. Experimental results showed that the proposed FNN system was quite successful. We carried out simulations with real images taken in various lighting and weather conditions, and obtained successful decision-making about $99\%$ of the time.