• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 1999

A large-scale culture of hepatitis A virus in human diploid MRC-5 cells was conducted. In a roller bottle culture, the virus was grown to a maximum titer in 3 weeks after infection. Over 95％ of the cell-associated virus was excreted after culturing the infected cells in suspension media without fetal bovine serum for 3 days. The cultured virus was inactivated with formalin, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and partially purified by ultracentrifugation in a non-ionic gradient medium of Renocal. Two separate peak fractions showing high anti-HAY ELISA titer were pooled and about 40％ of HAV antigen was recovered by this purification procedure. Of the partially purified vaccine, the protein pattern in SDS-PAGE and immunogenicity in mice were compared with a commercial HAV vaccine. In SDS-PAGE, the purified vaccine in this study and the commercial vaccine showed almost the same protein pattern. The seroconversion rate of the purified vaccine in mice was not different from that of the commercial vaccine. Therefore, we could prepare a good grade of HAV vaccine by a simple purification procedure although the purification itself was not completed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.195-199
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• 2018

Zinc is necessary for normal functions in the immune system. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of zinc on the chemotactic activity of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). A modified Boyden chamber was used to determine the directional migration distance of PMNs. Various concentrations of zinc showed no chemotactic activity to PMNs. However, culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with zinc remarkably increased the chemotactic activity of PMNs when compared with culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc. Culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc also increased the migration distance of PMNs relative to vehicle control (medium alone). Increasing effect in chemotactic activity of PMNs by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with zinc was inhibited by treatment of porcine anti-interleukin (IL)-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb). This effect was not affected by heat treatment ($4-85^{\circ}C$). This corresponded with heat stable physical characteristics of IL-8. These results suggest that zinc can upregulate the chemotaxis of PMNs, which is primary mediated by IL-8 chemotactic factor released from PBMCs treated with zinc.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.877-883
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• 2013

This paper discussed a transformer-less shunt static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with consideration of the following aspects: fast compensation of the reactive power, harmonic cancelation and reducing the unbalancing of the 3-phase source side currents. The STATCOM control algorithm is based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power (P-Q theory). A self charging technique is proposed to regulate the dc capacitor voltage at a desired level with the use of a PI controller. In order to regulate the DC link voltage, an off-line Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to tune the coefficients of the PI controller. This algorithm arranged these coefficients while considering the importance of three factors in the DC link voltage response: overshoot, settling time and rising time. For this investigation, the entire system including the STATCOM, network, harmonics and unbalancing load are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. After that, a 35KVA STATCOM laboratory setup test including two parallel converter modules is designed and the control algorithm is executed on a TMS320F2812 controller platform.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2009

The present study identified the favorable conditions for isolation, enrichment and in vitro culture of highly purified, undifferentiated pig spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) lines that proliferate for long periods of time in culture. The colonies displayed morphology similar to miceSSC and were positive for markers of SSC (PGP9.5), proliferating germ cell (PigVASA), pre-meiotic germ cell (DAZL) and pluripotency (OCT4, SSEA-1, NANOG, and SOX2) based on immuno-cytochemistry and RT-PCR. The purity of these colonies was confirmed by negative expression of markers for sertoli cell (GATA4 and SOX9), peritubular myoid cell (${\alpha}$-SMA), differentiating spermatogonial and germ cells (c-KIT). The colonies could be maintained with undifferentiated morphology for more than two months and passaged more than 8 times with doubling time between 6-7 days. Taken together, we conclude that pigSSC could be successfully isolated and cultured in vitro and they possess characteristics similar to miceSSC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.703-709
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• 2013

Among many microalgae cultivation types, heterotrophic culture with low cost carbon sources and energy saving culture method is crucial. A result of estimating the effects of pH on wastewater treatment using heterotrophic growing microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana shows that there was no difference in microalgae growth amount and nitrogen, phosphorus removal rate by wide range of pH(5 ~ 9). From pH 5 to 9, total nitrogen, phosphorous and glucose removal rates were 10.5 mg-N/L/d, 2 mg-P/L/d, 800 ~ 1000 mg/L respectively. This study reveals that C. sorokiniana cannot metabolite glycerol heterotrophically, however, glucose and acetate were proper carbon sources for growth and T-N, T-P and TOC removal. This research highlights the potential of heterotrophic microalgal growth with wastewater treatment plant with wide range of pH and carbon sources.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to present direction in outdoors space planning and design after direction through user characteristic analysis through spectacle component establishment of culture art center outdoors space through on-the-site analysis and literature investigation to culture art center of Seoul city and capital region 17 places in this research. The data was collected from classification and bisection kind, subdivision kind, and great classification composed to 17 items. User satisfaction side and Variable that is looked below satisfaction than average appeared to bench, pergola, sculpture facilities, pavement facilities, border facilities. And these facilities were analyzed dissatisfaction. When see satisfaction model, when make up culture art center or similar facilities in local government hereafter because parking facilities and rest area cause big effect in satisfaction, is judged that is item to consider most preferentially. In most case, parking lot security from outdoors space, resting place security, security of field performance facilities etc. taking a serious view because tendency that users see performance or use most vehicles except neighborhood walking area for a rest, a walk etc.. is trend. But, is judged that physical side so that can feel satisfaction as space security of quantitative side is important but users utilize substantially and side that is the program are more important in hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

In recent years, many municipal governments have planned and developed welfare programs for their communities. Many of these plans have included youth facilities. However, many of these facilities have had problems keeping up with the rapidly changing needs of young people. Therefore this study aims to analyze the present State of youth facilities, their operating programmes and changing aspect of the space composition. This has significance in suggesting basic materials for planning youth facilities with the spacial characteristics corresponding to their purpose and function as exclusive space for the youth. In our case study, we limited the subjects to the local youth facilities within the daily life area of Jeju, 3 youth facilities and 15 youth culture centers. The results from the case study are as follow. Firstly, in the case of youth culture center, most of the lots are small-sized and they don't show proper space allocation according to activity. Secondly, in the recently-built youth facilities, the cultural space has been expanded rather than the space for public use. Thirdly, it is necessary to formulate the conception of youth culture center and the value in its function and role.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

Traditional culture technology of medicinal plants mainly depends on the field culture, which has many problems. With progress of modern culture technology, it has become possible to produce valuable secondary metabolites from medicinal plants. In this paper, we discuss about the pigment and saikosaponin production from too medicinal plants, Carthamus tinctorius and Bupleurum falcatum, through bioreactor culture system. A two-stage bioreactor culture system was established for the production of yellow and red pigments and saikosaponins by cell suspension cultures of Carthamus tinctorius and Bupleurum falcatum. In Carthamus tinctorius, balloon type airlift bioreactors and column type airlift bioreactors were employed for the tell culture and for the pigment production, respectively. The greatest pigment production was obtained on White medium supplemented with 4 mg/L kinetin, high levels of sucrose concentration and photosynthetic photon flux. In Bupleurum falcatum, adventitious roots were cultured in balloon type airlift bioreactors and the root growth was greatest on SH medium containing 5 mg/L IBA and 0.2 mg/L kinetin. HPLC analysis showed that the contents of main active saikosaponins a, c, and d in adventitious roots were almost the same as those in field cultured root.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.393-398
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• 2005

Codium fragile is commercially farmed in Korea by natural blooming zygote attachment. Experiments found optimum conditions for artificial seed production and nursery culture of C. fragile by asexual reproduction. Isolated utricles and medullary filaments were regenerated to erect thalli using both indoor and outdoor culture experiments. Under the indoor culture conditions, irradiance was an important factor to control the development of erect thalli. Formation of erect thallus from the isolated medullary filaments in the indoor culture was induced after 30 days under $20^{\circ}C$ and $60{\mu}mol/m^2/sec$. The detachment of isolated utricles and medullary filaments from the substrates of seed strings was reduced by exposure to the air during 2 hrs before the indoor culture of seed strings. The maximum growth and development of erect thalli in the nursery culture was induced at a water depth of 0.5 m. Depending on the substrates of the seed strings the growth of erect thalli was not significantly different (p>0.05).

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between organizational culture and workplace bullying of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using three different data sets on workplace bullying of hospital nurses. This analysis focused on the relationship between organizational culture and workplace bullying of 240 ICU nurses. The original data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires and were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results: ICU nurses were aware of their organizational culture as being rank-oriented, relationship-oriented, innovation-oriented, and task-oriented in that order. The results showed that 15.0% of the ICU nurses reported being victims of workplace bullying, mostly work-related bullying. The perception of a relationshiporiented culture explained a variance of 29% in the workplace bullying of ICU nurses. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ICU nurses who are strongly aware of a relationship-oriented culture would experience less workplace bullying. Further research is needed to develop interventions that can foster a relationship-oriented culture in ICUs.