• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-71
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• 1991

The landscape systems in Korean island settlements can be recognized as results of ingabitants' ecological adptation to the isolated environment with the limited natural resources. Both the fishery dominant industry in island society and ecological nature of its environments seem to have influenced on inhabitants' environmental cognition as well as the physical landscape of island villages such as its location, spatial pattern in each village, housing form and so on. This study was done mainly by both refering to the related documents and direct observations in case study areas, and results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. In general, the landscape of an individual island seems to take more innate characteristics of island's own, corresponding to the degree of isolation from mainland. That is, while the landscape of island in neighboring waters takes both inland-like and island-innate landscape character at the same time, the one in the open sea far from land takes more innate landscape character of all island's own in the aspects of village location, land use and housing density etc. 2. The convex landform of most islands brings about more centrifugal village allocation than centripetal allocation in most inland villages. And thus most villages in each island face extremely diverse directions different from the south facing preference in most inland rural villages. 3. Most island villages tend to be located along the ecologically transitional strip between land and sea, so called 'line of life', rather than between hilly slope and flat land as being in most inland village locations. So they are located with marine ecology bounded fishing ground ahead and land ecology bounded agricultural site at the back of them. 4. The settlement pattern of the island fishing villages shows more compact spatial structure than that of inland agricultural villages, due to the absolute limits of usable land resources and the adaptation to the marine environment with severe sea winds and waves or for the easy accessability to the fishing grounds. And also the managerial patterns of public owned sea weed catching ground, which take each family as the unit of usership rather than an individual, seem to make the villagescape more compact and the size of Individual residence smaller than that of inland agricultural village. 5. The folk shrine('Dand') systems, in persrective of villagescape, represent innate environmental cognition of island inhabitants above all other cultural landscape elements in the island. Usually the kinds and the meanings of island's communal shrine and its allocative patternsin island villagescape are composed of set with binary opposition, for example 'Upper shrine(representing 'earth', 'mountain' or 'fire')' and 'Lower Shrine(representing 'sea', 'dragon' or 'water') are those. They are usually located at contrary positions in villagescape each other. That is, they are located at 'the virtical center or visual terminus(Upper shrine at hillside behind the village)' and 'the border or entrance(Lower Shrine at seashore in front of the village)'. Each of these shirines' divinity coincides with each subsystem of island's natural eco-system(earth sphere vs marine sphere) and they also contribute to ecological conservation, bonded with the 'Sacred Forest(usually with another function of windbreak)' or 'Sacred Natural Fountain' nearby them, which are representatives of island's natural resources.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Annual bluegrass(Poa annua L.) is a problem weed that is very difficult to control on golf courses. There are some reasons that make Poa annua such a difficult weed to be controled. One of these reasons is this plant's ability to reproduce its seed even under stressful conditions. Another reason is its adaptation to low mowing heights. Above all things, the greatest competitive advantage of Poa annua is its genetic diversity. Generally, Poa annua is a bunch type and annual type cool-season grass, but some types act as weak perennials and have stolons. There has been much research on controlling annual bluegrass in golf course turf with chemical and cultural techniques. This research has been conducted for more than 85 years. There has been some progress in controlling some types of Poa annua, but these methods have not been successful on every biotype. Among all of the techniques, Roundup ready creeping bentgrass has the most promise of controlling the diverse types of Poa annua. Roundup ready bentgrass is capable of tolerating the effects of Roundup(glyphosate) while it kills other plants including Poa annua. By using this new technology, we can make Poa annua free greens, tees, and fairways.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2018

Improvement in rice grain yield has been approached by means of genetic amendment, cultural management, and environmental adaptation. Subjecting the plant during the grain filling period to an appropriate environment plays a key role in achieving a high grain yield in temperate rice. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years with two planting times to assess the relations among grain filling traits, loss of leaf activity during the ripening period, and the grain yield of temperate japonica rice with wide environmental variation. Higher grain yields were attained in 2017 than in 2016 and with late planting than with early planting. The high grain yield accompanied a comparatively lesser increase in grain weight at the early filling stage but more gain in grain weight occurred during the late filling stage. Final grain weight correlated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Extended grain filling duration was associated with higher cumulative temperature and cumulative solar radiation for an effective grain filling period. The reduction in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight from heading to harvest significantly correlated with final grain dry weight in a positive manner. No significant relation was found between grain filling duration and the decrease in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight during the grain filling period. The results suggest that grain filling duration and loss of leaf activity during ripening independently contribute to environmentally induced yield improvement in temperate japonica rice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.357-369
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• 2018

This study is to determine health related to Quality of Life(QOL) of married immigrant women in multicultural families, factors of predictors, and influence of these factors to develop and verify the structural model for development of an effective nursing mediation strategy for improved QOL. The participants were 254 women who immigrated to Korea for marriage. The hypothetical model is based on the health improvement model by Pender. Immigrant women's perceived barriers, perceived benefits, self-esteem, and perceived health had an impact on their health promotion behavior(HPB). These variables explained 55.2% of the QOL regarding health, and perceived health conditions, self-efficacy, self-worth, and level of cultural adaptation explained 29.3% of acts towards improving health. The results of this study suggest that development of efficient policy considering factors affecting health related to QOL of married immigrant women in multicultural families.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.76-87
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• 2012

This study examined Korean and the U.S.A..'s television anti-smoking advertisements that were coined to discourage adults and teens smoking. A content analysis of 71 television advertisements listed in the "Smoking Guidance Program" operated by Korea Health Promotion Foundation. This study evaluated to detect whether the advertising content reflected core health communication theories such as health belief model, theory of reasoned action, and social cognitive theory used in the designing of anti-smoking ad message to change behavior and attitudes toward smoking unfavorably. The results showed that Korean anti-smoking ads mostly relied on social norm messages, followed by smoking attitude. The message of modeling and self-efficacy was least used; while, the U.S.A. ads focused more on modeling and self efficacy. This difference comes from the cultural difference. Namely, Korea focused more on collectivism rather than individualism. The anti-smoking ads of Korea and the U.S.A. most frequently adopted horror and humor rather than sadness, no appeal, and angry. The ads targeted more on adults rather than teens. The research identifies the types of advertisements that are most likely to utilized and underutilize in the Korea and U.S.A. anti-smoking ads and contribute to further understandings of anti-smoking ads theoretically.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.223-240
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• 2003

The present study is to identify personal factors of defecting North Korean residents that obstruct their settlement in South Korean communities. It will provide information about what perception, attitude and behaviors of defecting North Korean residents should be changed and what social skills should be improved in order to successfully adjust to South Korea. Personal obstacles were measured by police officers who are providing special protection for defecting North Korean residents, who are in a good position to observe behaviors of defecting North Korean residents because they are spending a great deal of time with them. They can even identify the personal obstacles not perceived by defecting North Korean residents themselves. Twenty-item scale was developed to measure the personal obstacles and was found to comprise 4 obstructing factors: self-supporting ability related factor, life style related factor, social and cultural adaptation related factor, and attitude toward police officer's support related factor. Among them, self-supporting ability related factor had the highest negative score. The study further revealed that self-support ability and life style related factors had a significant effect on the job burden of police officers. The findings suggested the necessity of ethical and moral education for the defecting North Korean residents.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.713-737
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• 2016

This study is to review research issues on North Korea and unified territory in terms of topics and approach method in Korean human geography. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. Before 1980's, topics on political geography, such as geopolitics or unified land, were the main stream in research. In 1990's with the end of the cold war and the access to material which was published in North Korea, scope of research was widened especially in geography education. After 2000's with the expansion of cooperation between South and North Korea, the scope of topics were more expanded in all field of human geography, for example, critical geopolitic in political geography, Gaeseong Industrial Complex, Najin-Seonbong region in economic geography, place names, Geumgangsan, North Korean defectors in social and cultural geography. The approach method of toward North Korea is fall into two categories. One is regional geography and the other is the unified land. In the latter approach, topics on the regional structure after reunification or on the life adaptation of defectors in South Korea etc. were studied. After unification of land, new Korean Studiea will be established and human geographers should make ready for this. Before unification, research on the land in north Korea should be proceeded in terms of historical geography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.203-224
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• 1999

As androgny presented by feminism still appear in contemporary fashion since mid 1980's feminism as a social phenomenon can be considered to habe influenced fashion history. This paper surveys the sex images of androgynous look that appeared in contemporary fashion into bisexual image and neutral images based on the feminist aspects of changes in contemporary fashion. As stated above bisexual images and neutral images of androgynous look shown in clothing are an attempt to reach one single integrated complete being by overacoming 'femininity' or 'masculinity' and combining the element of the two sexes. Consequently androgynous look creates new attraction by harmoniously coordinating characteristics of the two sexes instead of totally differentiating between masculinity and femininity that are represented in the form of clothing that has conceptual visual characteristics. Following are the conclusions of the reseach of this paper. First 'androgynous' as a feminist sex concept reflects the spirit of the times. Since the sex roles are divided and diversified and the concept of femininity is changing the concept of androgyny requiring both masculine and feminine characteristics in an essential sex concept for sucessful conduct of roles in a complex modern society. Second the integrated human image of androgynous look has led to a new culture with fashion trends that has been ahead of times by curing the functions of fashion to differentiate between men and women. Third androgynous look at the turn-of-the-centuy will not cease to exist but be a lasting fashion phenomenon while the sex concept presented by feminism has become the core to destrov the dichotomous fashion style of the 20th century. Fourth androgynous look is expressed in various manners in contemporary fashion since it shown how human beings accipt the adaptation method desperately required by the contemporary times. Androgynous look can be viewd as the desire for ultimate freedom that can be acquired by destroying the dichotomous sex concept and as the will to become a subject of the world as integrated human being. As we look into fashion culture creation of fashion is not the result of an accidental cause or an individual's work but the reflection of the spirit of the times. In this sense androgynous look introduced by a new sex concept to contemporary fashion has reflected the spirit of the times and led the cultural atmosphere and moreover it is an important fashion style that can characterize the contemporary times while lasting in the future.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.107-130
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• 2008

The study of Korean diaspora has focused on migration, adaptation, and identity of overseas Koreans in China, the CIS, Japan, and the United States. However, the contemporary concept of a diaspora is a way of understanding migration, cultural difference, identity politics, and so on. Thus, this more broadly defined diaspora is used to mean a dispersion of people of a common national origin or of common beliefs living in exile. As of 2007, it is estimated that there are about 7 million Koreans living in 170 countries outside the Korean peninsula. Some have left Korea involuntarily and some others voluntarily. But most of them actively try to maintain their identity and culture as Koreans. With the large number of overseas Koreans, there has recently been the recognition of the importance of networking among overseas Koreans in the 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of Korean Global Network of overseas Koreans. In doing so, this paper reviewed the case of Jewish and Chinese network. Then, this paper indicates the problems in the networking of overseas Koreans and suggests the policy implications for Korean Global Network. Above all, there should be changes in the government's policy towards overseas Koreans in the direction of organizing networks of overseas Koreans to coexist with the mother country. The government should adopt a policy to restore trust in overseas Koreans. It should take a pragmatic approach to the mutual interests in the socioeconomic relations instead of taking a political approach to overseas Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.126-133
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• 2017

This study analyzed hydrological changes of stormwater runoff of Seolleung Jeongneung zone according to the application of LID system based on landscape Architectural technology. The results are as follows. First, when flooding occurred in Gwanghwamun in July 27, 2011, the maximum instantaneous rainfall amount was 183 mm/hr recorded at 10:00 on 27th for 10 minutes, and it was confirmed that rainfall intensity more than three times as high as the maximum rainfall of 57.5 mm/hr. Second, it is possible to control peak flow rate in the case of 1,500mm of soil thickness, so that it is possible to improve the vulnerability of flood damage in Seolleung and Jeongneung zone when applying the LID system. Third, in the berm height scenario, peak flow rate control was not controled in all depth level models, but the first stormwater runoff was delayed by 4 hours and 10 minutes compared to the soil thickness scenario. It was interpreted as a relatively important indicator the soil thickness for the initial stromwater runoff reduction and the berm height for the peak runoff. Through this, the systematic adaptation of landscape-friendly ecological factors within the cultural property protection zone could theoretically confirm the effects of flood disaster prevention.