• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.185-212
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• 2014

This study investigated the base of marine leisure facilities and studied the future vision for development of marine industry by conducting a systematic analysis on the category of marine leisure products for development of design and specialization of southeast area of Korea. If the age of $20,000 of per capita national income is called 'the age of my car', $20,000 of per capita national income is called 'the age of my boat'. According to the report of UK-based Marine South East, the scale of world's small boat and personal waterborne equipment reached 277 trillion won in 2010 and domestic market scale is expected to be 11 trillion won. Marine leisure facilities are the new growth engine industry that the government should promote as a nation's strategic and core industry, and the government is pushing ahead with promotion of marine industry actively by announcing Marine Leisure Equipment Industry Activation Plan(June 2009, Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Marine Leisure Activation Plan(July 2010, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport), The 1st General Plan for Marina Port(January 2010, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) etc. The purpose of marine design lies in seeking the status of the country and qualitative value in human life through functional, artistic, industrial and cultural development of design elements for all marine activities made around the sea. Related to all activities made in the ocean and cost, marine design is a sphere of design that includes special conditions centering around water. Considering the condition that 3 sides of land are facing the sea, this study systematically analyzed present condition of equipment possessed by each area, type of facilities, operational status, current status of sectoral use of marine leisure facilities and future prospect of marine leisure products that become the basis of value to raise the statue as an advanced marine power in 2010s through development of the qualitative level of the people, establishment of the direction of national strategy, convergence of industry and culture and specialization of area focusing on the actual condition survey of marine leisure facilities. Especially, this study will be predicting the basis of strategy for strengthening marketability and competitiveness by suggesting role and process of design in developing a promising marine leisure product through an actual condition survey of marine leisure products of southeast area.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.333-338
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• 2017

Ethnography is concerned about specifically-based behavior and belief and the learned pattern of language and aims to describe and interpret them. Therefore, it is a classical form of qualitative research that was developed by anthropologists who spent for long time in conducting fieldworks within the cultural group. The results of analyzing ethnographic research methods of doctoral dissertations in Korea are as follows. First, the number of research participants in data collection methods was 1-10(32 dissertations, 44.4%), 11-20(18, 25%), 21-30(13, 18.1%), 31-40(2, 2.7%), and others(7, 9.8%). Second, data collection methods were in-depth interview(71, 98.6%), participant observation(70, 97.2%), document data(38, 52.7%), engineering device(12, 16.6%), and others(8, 11.1%). Data collection periods were 3-5 months(7 dissertation, 9.8%), 6-8 months(15, 20.8%), 9-11 months(14, 19.6%), 12-14 months(13, 18.1%), more than 15 months(17, 23.6%), and unpresented(4, 5.4%). Third, trustworthiness criteria were triangulation(46 dissertation, 63.9%), research participants' evaluation of study results 44(61.1%), peer researchers' advice and indication(33, 45.8%), follow-up(25, 34.7%), use of reference(20, 27.8%), reflexive subjectivity(17, 23.6%), intensive observation for a sufficient period(10, 13.9%), in-depth description(7, 9.8%), and others(7, 9.8%).

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.227-253
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• 2006

It seems common for students living at a small county and islands to experience psychological conflicts and be unaccustomed in the peer society because they are not familiar with peer interaction and social skills. This is a case study of L (hereinafter called L) who was grown up in the sheltered school at a small county. L was psychologically disturbed because he couldn't get along well in the transferred school. It is the reason why he had lived in the sheltered school at a small county, so he had not enough exposure to interact with peer and social skills. Sometimes he was obstinate irrationally and when he had trouble with friends, he threw something out or went out of school and tricked juniors dangerously. The fact of disperse with families, parent's indifference, and hate of older brother made L to have ill feeling against family. He had low motivation and low self confident in learning because of short attention time and accumulated poor learning progress. In this study, he was evaluated at various area, such as, intelligent, affective, personal and inter-personal, before counselling. To evaluated the effect of the counselling, K-WISC-III, KPRC, sentence filling test, social adaptation ability test, etc, were administered right after the counselling was over and 8 weeks later. For specific information gathering and analysing, observation diary and deepen counselling were accomplished by homeroom teacher, his mother, and his peers. To correct his problematic behaviors, 13 counseling sessions were accomplished for 6 months and those counselling sessions were recorded and analysed definitely. Followings are the result of this case study. First, he was recovered from the anxiety of inter-personal interaction and he started to interact with peers. The result of sac scale score of KPRC profile was lower than before as much as average student after counseling and 8 weeks later. This reveals that the distress against interpersonal relation have settled. Especially, through the result of sentence filing test, he seemed to feel attachment to peers and be positive, active in the relation of peer. For instance, he was active in the open class lesson and interacted well with peers. It could be said that he overcame the psychological distress comparing with previous time. Second, he could apologize to his peer and juniors for his fault. His attitude were well shown in the letter from an old friend at the sheltered school, average KPRC profiling score comparing with previous counseling time, and remarkable decrease of attack scale score of teacher and peer. Third, his view toward family turn out positive. He recognized his situation that he lived apart from family and even worried about his parent's financial difficulty. Through solving the confliction with his older brother, he could acquire the feeling of family reunion. Fourth, his learning motivation and self-confidence were increased. He confirmed his future positively and he might be judged more attentive because his intelligence index was higher than before as much as average student. With the main goal of this study, verification for effectiveness of counseling. understanding and helping problematic students such as L who lives at a small county and island through investigation of their real situation and problems with the method of counseling and socio-cultural analysis is worthwhile. Identification of ideal relationship with peer is related with positive self-conception, harmonic social adaptation and development of child. It is time to investigate easy adaptive in classroom and well-organised program to acquire general social skills for sheltered school students at a small county and islands.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Compulsive consumption is regarded as a global phenomenon that can adversely affect consumer well-being. Although the topic has been studied in different cultural settings, we have seen relatively little theory development and explanations of compulsive behavior Nearly all previous empirical studies attempt to explain this behavior by correlating measures of compulsive behavior with independent variables taken within the same time frame. However, recent developments in social sciences suggest that such a phenomenon may best understood in the context of the person's earlier-in-life experiences. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching framework, the present research extends previous work on this topic. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The earlier in childhood and adolescence a person experiences family dislocation, the greater his or her likelihood of exhibiting compulsive behaviors in adulthood. H2: The earlier in life the young person experienced family dislocation, the greater the number of family disruption events the young person experienced prior entering adulthood years. H3: Family dislocation leads to (a) increased frequency of socio.oriented family communications and (b) decreased frequency of concept-oriented family communication. H4: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong socio-oriented communication structure are more likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a weak socio-oriented family communication structure. H5: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong concept-oriented communication structure are less likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a week concept-oriented family communication structure. H6: The relationship between family disruption events experienced during adolescence and perceived stressfulness of these events is moderated by (a) global family support, (b) emotional family support, and (c) material family support. Those reporting higher levels of family support as teenagers are less likely to report experiencing stress due to family disruption events. H7: Perceived stressfulness of family disruption events experienced during adolescent years are associated with compulsive consumption tendencies in early adulthood. H8: The greater the number of family disruption events young adults experienced during their adolescent years the more frequent was their communication about consumption with their peers. H9: The more frequent was the young persons' communication with their peers about consumption during their adolescent years, the more likely they are to report compulsive buying tendencies as young adults. We use a sample of 120 Thai undergraduate students attending classes taught in English as part of a four-year international program. Product-moment correlations, hierarchical regression analysis and partial correlation were used to analyze data. Results of testing hypotheses showed that hypothesis 2, 4, 7 and 9 were supported and hypothesis 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 were not supported. Our study did not find a significant relationship between the age when a person experienced family dislocation and their compulsive behavior tendencies expressed as young adults. We did not find a significant relationship between family dislocation and family communication structures. But we found a significant positive relationship between socio-oriented communication structure and compulsive buying and a significant relationship between our peer communication and compulsive buying measures. Also we found perceived stressfulness due to the disruptive events to have a significant positive relationship between the perceived stressfulness and compulsive buying. Implications from these findings, limitations of this research and future research suggestions were discussed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

This study aims to observe the impacts of entrepreneurship and market orientation of Seoul's business incubator (BI) CEO's on business performance, as well as investigate the moderating effects of BI supporting services. The main objectives of this study are as follows: first, to observe how the entrepreneurship of CEO's affects business performance; second, to observe how CEO's market orientation as a cultural factor attributes to business performance; third, to verify whether the utilization level of BI supporting services shows moderating effects between entrepreneurship and business performance, and finally to verify whether the utilization level of BI supporting services shows moderating effects between market orientation and business performance. Business incubators in Seoul registered with the Business Incubator Association were surveyed both online and offline to receive 127 responses out of 320 circulations. By filtering out insincere reponses, 117 were used for statistical analysis. Our results assert that the utilization level of physical BI supporting services does indeed strengthen the relation between initiative and financial performance. Also, it is interesting to note that the utilization level of physical BI supporting services supports the relation between risk sensitivity and financial performance. While risk sensitivity on its own shows no positive effect on business performance, a suitable utilization level of BI supporting services is likely to strengthen the connection. In addition, the utilization level of both physical and non-physical supporting services shows a moderating effect between initiative and non-financial performance. Based on the results above, risk-taking business incubator CEOs with initiative are likely to yield better financial performance in terms of increasing sales, if provided with various physical supporting services such as sufficient educational facilities including communal spaces and conference rooms.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-149
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• 2015

Recently many organizations have engaged in widespread restructuring as well as more flexible usage of labor in an attempt to cut costs and to increase profit. As a result of lays offs resulting from frequent restructuring, many people no longer consider their jobs as permanent positions. many employees have an increased feeling of job insecurity. There structuring and following downsizing have created an uncertain environment within creased fear offer ther job losses. therefore the study of job insecurity is significant. especially To understand the relationship between job security and union-relation behaviors on the industrial relations. The purpose of this study suggested the strategies to company and union. The purpose of this study is to examine how the union-relation behaviors are influenced by the job security. This study built a exploratory model that there is causal relationship of job security to union commitment, dual commitment, and labor related behaviors. For the verification of this study model, the regression analysis was applied to the surveys of 236 members of union that are located in Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Pohang. The result of this research shows that the job insecurity is strongly related to the union commitment and union related behaviors. According to the research, the effect that the job security affects union commitment and union related behaviors are positive. With the research outputs, we have discussed about the academic and pragmatic viewpoint. We proposed comprehensive model to verify how the job insecurity affects the union-related behaviors, and objectively analyzed the model. The research result was opposite to what the existing theories have said that high job insecurity derives high union-related behaviors. This result is meaningful because it is concerned with the social issues-present situation of Korean company, low-employment, unstable employment and so on. Moreover, this research may contribute to expand the aspect of academic research on job insecurity as there are few research conducted in korea. This research also suggests the realistic alternative of union-related behaviors because it is proved that job security can contribute to innovation activities. Also, this research implies that the matter of job insecurity is the basic need of organizational individual and presents that job security is not a notion but the alternative by using of the positional stability and situational control power. The limitation of this research is that it is only utilized the cross-sectional study. To remedy the cross-sectional study, vertical, and serial method of research is needed. And there is no enough sample to secure more comprehensive data as the targets of the research is limited to Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Finally, the measurement tool for job security is needed to be suitably modified to by the South Korea's economic, linguistic, and cultural situation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.555-569
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• 2012

Many science education research and practices are recently emphasizing the importance of collaborative learning. This study also understands learning in aspects of socio-cultural context, and regarded the creation of meaning in a same-age group as an important learning process. This is most especially true in the premise that the formation of roles in a collaborative learning is important for successful interactive learning. This study aims to find out how roles form in a group. For this purpose, university students participating in a group discussion activity about energy flow and circulation of material were selected as research participants. Discussions among the nine students in one group consisted of cognitive conversations on the topic and operational conversations for preparing a presentation. Video-clips of the discussions were made and transcribed. For the analysis, we developed a framework that includes four interaction functions (cognitive, organizational, meta-cognitive, operational), four action elements (question, simple answer, providing opinion, response to opinion), and two to four intention elements by each action elements. As a result, a total of nine roles were revealed through the interaction function and element; cognitive questioner, operational questioner, simple answerer, operational suggester, organizational commander, operational commander, cognitive explainer, terminator, reflective thinker. These roles are re-classified into seven utterance patterns by the utterance order and object, and they were categorized into three role groups (facilitating interaction, sustaining interaction, finishing interaction). The result means that role formation and function can have influence on learning and interaction. This study is meaningful to the suggestion to collaborative learning including project-based learning, investigation, club activity, and for the re-illumination of the role in an aspect of the interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1325-1334
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• 2013

The purposes of the study were to assess the multicultural competencies and to identify potential barriers toward improving multicultural competencies of food and nutrition majors at the university level. A total of 500 students were surveyed and 457 responses were analyzed for the study. The multicultural competencies, based on a literature review, included food culture knowledge, multicultural attitude, and multicultural skills. Approximately half of the respondents took a food culture class as a college course. The food and nutrition majors showed positive multicultural attitudes; however, food culture knowledge scores for traditional Korean food culture and 11 other food cultures remained low (average score: 63.7 out of 100 points). In addition, familiarity with cultural foods and knowledge of food-related cultures were not necessarily related. As a result of factor analysis, multicultural skills, required for dietitians, were classified into three factors: professional skills, food preparation skills, and communication skills. Overall, students rated their professional skills the highest and communication skills the lowest. Multicultural attitudes and skills increased with school years, and students who took a food culture class showed significantly higher multicultural attitudes and knowledge scores compared to their counterparts. Economical issues, lack of time, and lack of opportunities for learning multicultural competencies in majors and experiencing different cultures were highly rated potential barriers for improving multicultural competencies. Our research indicates that food and nutrition educators should review their curriculums to incorporate content that encourages food and nutrition majors to learn about other food cultures and improve their multicultural competency. These skills will be critical for food and nutrition professionals in the multicultural age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1998

Understanding of the reasons why users in recreation settings select particular trails may provide useful information for effective recreation resources management. This study investigated the present use of the major trails in Mudeung-san Provincial Park and the major influential factors on trail selection. This study was conducted in Mudeung-san Provincial Park stretching over Hwasun-gun and Damyang-gun of Chonnam Province and Kwang-ju city during August in 1996. Data were collected through on-site survey and mail-back questionnaire. 519(44.2%) out of 1173 survey samples were used for analysis. Reasons for selecting a particular trail were classified into 8 major factors. In overall, the order of the importance degree of the factors was 1) aesthetics of landscape, 2) safety(from physical and crime), 3) conditions for health, 4) quietness, 5) familiarity, 6) on the way to the destination, 7) convenience/social, 8) others' intention. There were differences in the degree of importance of each factor depending on trails, users' characteristics(eg., gender, age, group size, visit experience, etc.) and users' behavioral patterns. Recreation motivations were classified into 5 major factors. The order of the importance degree of the factors was 1) contacting with nature, 2) self-training, 3) solitude, 4) social interaction, 5) appreciating cultural properties. Regardless of trails, 'contacting with nature' was the most important factor, and the degree of importance in the other 4 motivational factors showed only a little differences in order according to the trails. There were correlations between major factors for trail selection and recreation motivations. The results of this study may provide foundational information for establishing effective management strategies through better understanding of the present use of trails and influential factors on trail selection. It can be used for reducing the present social and ecological problems caused by use concentration on certain trails and providing users with better quality of diverse recreational experiences. This study discussed the findings, and suggested some management strategies based on these information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

This study aims to figure out the main agent of management in the 69 recently constructed neighborhood parks in Busan, and to analyze the present status of the main agents. For this purpose, the work resources on park and landscape management, interview to related staff, and the budget on urban parks were found as the main agents of management. In case the parks were managed by consignment or by other separate organization, this study collected resources through the homepage or personal visits. As a result for the management method on parks, about 48 parks(69.6%) were under direct management by the local governments' main office and its business offices. Eighteen parks(26.1%) were commissioned to corporation or private organizations and three parks(4.3%) were operated by both direct and commissioned management. Because of the overall management result on urban parks, the company under outsourced management is not sufficient for a comprehensive management. Such is mainly focused on the maintenance like landscape or cleaning, but have fewer programs for the users. Forty-six parks cared by the local governments are mainly small sized neighborhood parks. For the management, contract workers or short-term workers are hired. It demonstrates an urgent need to improve professional personnel and organizational system for park management. In addition, any educational or cultural facility in the park is managed by separate institutions. Thus, it is not controlled as a park facility but an independent facility with separate controls. Moreover, to solve such problems, it needs legalization on the proper employment for parks, institutional improvement, cooperative network with NGO, planning and development of the program used according to the change of time, and customer oriented program management.