• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2014

We conducted an 8-week feeding trial to evaluate dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile river puffer fish Takifugu obscurus. Nine experimental diets were formulated with fishmeal as the major protein ingredients, providing 50% crude protein. The experimental diets contained either beef fallow (BF), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), or linseed oil (LO). Each of these diets was then supplemented or not with 0.5% n-3 HUFA (BFH, SOH, ROH, and LOH), resulting in a total of eight experimental diets. The control diet contained fish oil (FO) as the lipid source. Fish averaging $10.3{\pm}0.03g$ were fed the experimental diets in randomly selected triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Weight gain and feeding efficiency of fish fed the FO and SOH diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed BF or RO (P<0.05), but these diets did not differ significantly from the other diets. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the SOH diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the BF, SO, or RO diets (P<0.05), but these were not significantly different from the other diets. The specific growth rate of fish fed the FO and SOH diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the BF diet (P<0.05). Whole body DHA and n-3 HUFA contents of fish fed the FO diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the SO, RO, or LO diets (P<0.05), but were not significantly different from the other diets. These results indicate that soybean oil and linseed oil could replace up to 100% of fish oil in the diet containing 60% fishmeal for river puffer fish.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권7호통권87호
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• pp.964-969
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• 2007

본 연구는 돼지지방, 올리브유 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 기호성을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 일반성분, 표면색깔, 지방산 조성, 보수력, pH, VBN 함량, TBARS값 및 순위법에 의한 기호성을 측정하였다. 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 GP-P, GP-O 및 GP-S 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. $L^{*}$(명도), $a^{*}$(적색도) 및 $b^{*}$(황색도)값은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 가장 많이 함유된 포화지방산은 palmitic acid로서 GP-P(24.384%)가 GP-O(15.611%) 및 GP-S(14.423%)보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 불포화지방산의 경우 GP-P(43.773%)및 GP-O(65.040%)는 oleic acid가 가장 많았으며, GP-S는 linoleic acid(40.762%)가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 보수력은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았으며, pH는 GP-S가 GP-P및 GP-O보다 높았고, VBN 함량 및 TBARS값은 GP-P가 GP-O및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).가열하지 않은 분쇄돈육의 색깔은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였으나(p<0.05), 향기는 시료들 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 가열 분쇄육의 경우, 향기는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 맛, 조직감 및 전체적인 기호성은 GP-S가 가장 우수하였고(p<0.05), 다즙성은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였다(p<0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1700-1703
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• 2007

Microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil were isolated and grown in soybean oil as a sole carbon source. The microbial cultures were used to control green peach aphids in vitro. Approximately 60% mortality of aphids was observed when the cultures were applied alone onto aphids. To examine the cultures as a pesticide formulation mixture, the cultures were combined with a low dose of the insecticide imidacloprid (one-fourth dose of recommended field-application rate) and applied onto aphids. The cultures enhanced significantly the insecticidal effectiveness of imidacloprid, which was higher than imidacloprid alone applied at the low dose. The isolated microorganisms exhibited high emulsifying index values and decreased surface tension values after being grown in soybean oil media. GC/MS analyses showed that microorganisms degraded soybean oil to fatty acids. The cultures were suggested to play the roles of wetting, spreading, and sticking agents to improve the effectiveness of imidacloprid. This is the first report on the control of aphids by using oil-degrading microbial cultures.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2019

A 12-week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effect of total replacement of fish oil (FO) with terrestrial alternative oils on growth, feed utilization, body composition, hematological parameters, and fillet fatty acid profile of mandarin fish juveniles. Four iso-nitrogenous (56% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (13% crude lipid) practical diets were formulated. A control diet contained 6% FO and three other experimental diets were prepared by replacing FO with linseed oil, soybean oil, and lard (designed as FO, LO, SO, and lard, respectively). Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 25 fish ($1.8{\pm}0.03g/fish$) in a circular tank. Complete replacement of FO by three tested alternative oils had no remarkable impact on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and morphological and hematological parameters of juvenile mandarin fish. However, daily feed intake was found to be significantly higher for fish fed the SO diet compared with those fed the FO and LO diets. Fish fed LO and SO diets exhibited significantly higher levels of the whole body lipid compared to fish fed diet containing FO. Fillet fatty acid composition reflected dietary fatty acid profile. The highest level of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid was observed in fish fillet fed LO, SO, and lard, respectively. Although the eicosapentaenoic acid level of fish fillet fed diet FO was higher than other treatments, no significant difference was found in docosahexaenoic acid content among all dietary groups. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the complete replacement of FO in mandarin fish diets is achievable. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising mandarin fish growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1997

This study was nudertaken to investigate the major food sources of energy, frotin, fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber based on the data from the National Nutrition Survey in 1993. Results were summarized as followed : the most important source of energy was rice providing 52.9% of total energy intake. Instant noodle, pork, bread and beef were major sources of energy in order. Protein sources were rice, beef, pork, egg and pollack in order. And the primary sources of fat was pork and the rank next to pork were soybean oil in large city, instant noodle in small city and rice in rural. Rice contributed the most to total carbohydrate followed in order by instant noodle, bread, apple and kimchi. Crude fiber was impartially provided from various foods such as kimchi, red pepper powder, apple, red pepper and radish. Number of foods providing 90% of nutrient intake were 41 for energy, 43 for protein, 32 for fat, 19 for carbohydrate and 29 for crude fiber. Among region, mean amount of nutrients intake didn't show any significant differences(p>0.05). In conclusion, rice was found to be the most important sources of various nutrients.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1995

The surface tension-decreasing biosurfactant was purified from Rhodotorula muciloginosa G-1. The purification procedure was the solvent extraction of culture broth. To ensure complete extraction, the sample was extracted twice with equal volume of ethylacetate. The crude solution was washed with n-hexane to remove unconsumed soybean oil. The crude sample of biosurfactant was applied to Silica gel column chromatography equilibrated with chloroform, and eluted with chloroform : methanol gradient. Serveral solvent system was used to developed the thin layer chromatography (TLC). The purified biosurfactant sample gave one spot (Rf 0.78). It was estimated that biosurfactant was glycolipid about having M.W.1,500 with standard of polyethyleneglycol by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2011

This study investigated the physiological and antioxidant activities of green, oolong, and black tea extracts. The crude catechin extract yields of green, oolong, and black tea were 4.9%, 3.4%, and 2.5%, respectively. Total phenol contents of green, oolong, and black tea were 40.9%, 43.0%, and 38.5%, respectively. The order of the electron donating abilities of green, oolong and black tea were green tea>oolong tea>black tea extracts. The SOD-like activities of green, oolong and black tea extracts at 5,000 ppm were 21.2%, 17.5% and 13.9%, respectively. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of green, oolong and black tea extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid (p<0.05). Antioxidant activities in soybean oil substrates at 500 ppm were in the order of green tea>oolong tea>black tea${\geq}$BHT (200 ppm). Therefore these results showed that the physiological and antioxidant activities of green tea were better than those of oolong and black tea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2006

고품질 콩 품종육성 및 유전자원 연구의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 국내 콩 주요품종 46계통 및 보존 유전자원 517 계통의 지방함량과 지방산 조성의 변이양상을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 한국산 콩 주요 품종의 지방함량 범위는 $15.8%{\sim}20.3%$ 였으며, 평균 18.2%를 나타내었고, 지방함량이 가장 낮은 품종은 1986년에 육성된 보광콩이, 가장 높은 품종은 2000년도에 육성된 새별콩으로 조사되었다. 2. 한국산 콩 주요 품종 46계통의 지방산 조성분석 결과 포화지방산인 C16:0 및 C18:0의 경우 각각 $8.96{\sim}13.23%$ 및 $2.55{\sim}4.20%$ 범위로 존재하였고, 불포화지방산인 C18:1, C18:2 및 C18:3의 범위는 각각 $16.33{\sim}36.41%,\;42.32{\sim}58.84%$ 및 $6.98{\sim}10.72%$를 나타내었다. 3. 국내 보존 유전자원 517계통의 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 C16:0은 8.50%(IT 154681)${\sim}14.78%$(IT 154558), C18:0은 1.86%(IT 022331)${\sim}4.78%$(KLG 10738), C18:1은 13.29%(IT 178710)${\sim}43.30%$(IT 154657), C18:2는 38.21%(IT 156004)${\sim}61.51%$(IT 178710) 및 C18:3이 5.03(IT 188085)%${\sim}11.48%$(IT 153412)의 범위를 나타내었다. 4. 콩 함유 지방산 중 포화지방산에 속하는 C16:0 및 C18:0은 불포화지방산인 C18:1과 고도의 부의 상관을 나타내었으며, 불포화지방산인 C18:1은 다른 종류의 불포화지방산인 C18:2 및 C18:3과 고도의 부의 상관을 나타내었고, C18:2와 C18:3 사이에는 고도의 정의상관이 인정되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 1998

A total of 125 pigs (5.8 kg of BW) were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were coconut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tallow and tallow+lecithin. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed vegetable oil supported greater average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed/gain (F/G) compared to pigs fed the animal fat. Addition of lecithin to tallow increased ADG by 7.2%. Feed intake were similar for all treatment groups. From d 8 to 14, pigs fed coconut oil and soy oil showed better ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than any of the others. From d 15 to 21, pigs fed the tallow diets had lower gains (p < 0.05) than those fed diets that contained vegetable oil and tallow with added lecithin. The effect of different fat sources on gain became smaller with age. Feed intakes were similar between the vegetable oil and lecithin supplemented diets each week postweaning except for pigs fed tallow (p < 0.05). Feed : gain ratios were superior during the initial 2 weeks postweaning period when pigs were provided vegetable oil diet compared with pigs fed tallow. All pig groups had similar feed : gain ratios during 3 weeks. Combinations of tallow with lecithin tended to have intermediate feed/gain ratio. It was found that vegetable oils were much better in improving growth rate of the piglets. Lecithin significantly improved growth rate and feed efficiency of the pigs through the whole experimental period compared to tallow. Coconut oil was the most effective in improving growth of pigs during the first two weeks postweaning. Corn oil had equal value with soy oil in improving growth performance of weaned pigs. When vegetable oil was added, the digestibilities of nutrients except for minerals were higher than when the tallow was fed. Nutrients digestibility was similar among vegetable oils. The addition of lecithin to tallow increased digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, ether extract and crude protein. Crude ash and phosphorus digestibility were not affected by the treatments. Dry matter excretion was not different among treatments except for tallow which showed significantly higher dry matter excretion (p < 0.05), while nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased in pigs fed vegetable oil sources. However, Phosphorus excretion was not affected by the different fat sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1676-1685
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• 2009

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of various feed additives on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing wheat distiller' grains with solubles (WDGS). Seventy-two, individually fed pigs (19.7${\pm}$2.6 kg), were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 6${\times}$2 (treatment${\times}$sex) factorial design (N = 12). The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal while the five experimental diets contained 20% WDGS during the growing period and 12% WDGS during the finishing period. One 20% WDGS diet was unsupplemented while the remaining diets were supplemented with either 0.1% threonine, 5% canola oil, 0.2% enzyme (0.1% Endofeed W containing 1,250 units/g of xylanase and 385 units/g of $\beta$-glucanase and 0.1% Vegpro containing 7,700 HUT/g protease and 75 CMC/g cellulase), or a combination of the three additives at the same levels as those fed separately. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and energy were all significantly higher in the control diet than the unsupplemented diet containing 20% WDGS. None of the feed additives improved nutrient digestibility. In addition, none of the additives had any significant effect on gain or feed intake during the growing (19.7 to 43.6) or finishing (43.6 to 114.3 kg) periods or overall (19.7 to 114.3 kg). During the growing period, feed conversion was significantly improved for pigs fed the combination of additives compared with the unsupplemented WDGS diet. During the finishing period and overall, feed conversion was significantly improved for pigs fed 5% canola oil alone or in combination with the other additives. None of the supplements had any effect on carcass traits. These results indicate that WDGS can be successfully used as a partial replacement for soybean meal in diets fed to growingfinishing pigs. However, due to its low energy content, there may be some merit in including high energy ingredients such as canola oil when diets containing WDGS are fed.