• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.296-296
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• 2022

This study was investigated to compare the milling and physicochemical characteristics of six Korean wheat cultivars (Keumkang, KK; Jokyung, JK; Goso, GS; Joongmo2008, JM; Baekkang, BK; Saekeumkang, SKK) and five foreign wheat classes (Australian standard white wheat, ASW; Australian hard, AH; US northern spring, NS; US hard red winter, HRW; Soft wheat, SW). Korea and foreign wheat grains were milled using a Buhler MLU-202. Flour moisture, ash, protein, gluten, sedimentation, particle size, solvent retention capacity (SRC) and dough properties of flour were analyzed. Results showed that the hard wheats had a greater total flour yield and reduction fraction yield than the soft wheats regardless of the country. However, there were in the milling characteristics between the US and Korean soft wheats. GS, a soft wheat in Korea, had the lowest flour yield (59.6%) and the highest bran fraction yield (21.4%). The particle sizes of flour by milling fraction were B1>B2>B3 for the largest, and the R1〈R2〈R3 for the smallest. Particle size, ash, protein contents and the values of lactic acid SRC showed highly correlated with flour yield. The gluten-performance-index (GPI) is the ratio of the lactic acid SRC value to the sum of sodium carbonate and sucrose SRC values, and it has been used as a quality indicator for overall performance potential of flour. GPI values differed depending on the wheat variety or class, JM (0.82) was the highest value, and SKK (0.56) and SW (0.59) were low. The curve pattern of the Mixolab result also gives a quality indication of the flour sample. JM and NS flour had similar pattern at water absorption and gluten strength parameters and BK and HRW had similar viscosity patterns. These results will enable further study for blending Korean wheat cultivar to improve the flour quality.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.769-779
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• 2019

Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30℃. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2019

We designed 170 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on the whole-genome sequence data of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), and selected 121 polymorphic markers. A total of 121 polymorphic markers, the average major allele frequency (M_AF) and the average number of alleles (N_A) were 0.50 and 5.47, respectively. The average number of genotypes (N_G), observed heterozygosity (H_O), expected heterozygosity (H_E), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 6.177, 0.227, 0.619, and 0.569, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that M_AF was negatively correlated with N_G (-0.683), N_A (-0.600), H_O (-0.584), and PIC (-0.941). N_G, N_A, H_O, and PIC were positively correlated with other polymorphic parameters except for M_AF. UPGMA clustering showed that 26 A. bisporus accessions were classified into 3 groups, and each accession was differentiated. The 121 SSR markers should facilitate the use of molecular markers in button mushroom breeding and genetic studies.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) were examined. Parameters analyzed include growth characteristics, yields, photosynthetic rates, evaporation rates and photosynthesis-related characteristics under elevated $CO_2$. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the silking stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). Chalok 1 and GCB 70 germinated three days after seeding, and germination rates were faster in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. Germination rates displayed significant differences among the $CO_2$ treatments. At the seedling stage, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates, and plant height indicated positive relationship with elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. At the $5{\sim}6$ leaf stage, $CO_2$ concentration also indicated positive relationship with plant height, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates. At the silking stage, increased plant height of Chalok 1 was noted in the $CO_2$ treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were noted for GCB 70, in which leaf area decreased but photosynthetic rates increased progressively with $CO_2$ concentration. Stomatal aperture was a little bigger in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. $CO_2$ concentration was negatively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, resulting in high water use efficiency.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.548-554
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• 2016

Optimal range of soil physical quality to enhance crop productivity or to improve environmental health is still in dispute for the upland soil. We hypothesized that the optimal range might be established by comparing soil physical parameters and their interactions inhibiting crop growth. The parameter identifying optimal range covered favorable conditions of aeration, permeability and root extension. To establish soil physical standard two experiments were conducted as follows; 1) investigating interactions of bulk density and aeration porosity in the laboratory test and 2) determining effects of soil compaction and deep & conventional tillage on physical properties and crop growth in the field test. The crops were Perilla frutescens, Zea mays L., Solanum tuberosum L. and Secale cereael. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density from the root depth, root growth and stem length were obtained. Higher bulk density showed lower aeration porosity and hydraulic conductivity, and finer texture had lower threshold bulk density at 10% aeration bulk density. Reduced crop growth by subsoil compaction was higher in silt clay loam compared to other textures. Loam soil had better physical improvement in deep rotary tillage plot. Combined with results of the present studies, the soil physical quality was possibly assessed by bulk density index. Threshold subsoil bulk density as the upper value were $1.55Mg\;m^{-3}$ in sandy loam, $1.50Mg\;m^{-3}$ in loam and $1.45Mg\;m^{-3}$ in silty clay loam for optimal soil physical quality in upland.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2014

최근 기후변화로 인하여 농작물 생산에 영향을 주는 기온, 강수량 등 환경요인의 변화가 급격하게 진행되고 있다. 이에 따른 농작물에 대한 생산량 예측은 전세계적인 식량 안보 문제의 해결, 국가차원의 농작물 수급정책 결정, 농가단위의 농가 소득 보전 등 지속가능한 농업경제 발전을 위한 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 미국, 유럽, 중국, 캐나다, FAO, USDA, NASA 등 여러 국가들 및 기관들은 협력체계를 구축하여 넓게는 전세계 단위에서 국가단위까지 작물 모니터링 시스템을 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 스케일로 운영되고 있는 국외 작황모니터링 시스템의 전반적인 현황을 파악하고 제공되고 있는 정보의 수준, 활용되고 있는 위성영상, 기후, 토양 습도 등 다양한 생물리변수의 활용 여부를 판단하여 향후 위성영상을 활용한 작황모니터링 시스템의 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2018

Crop yield is critically related to the physiological responses and disease resistance of the crop, which could be strongly affected by high temperature conditions. We observed the changes in the growth of barley under higher than ambient air-temperature conditions using a temperature gradient field chamber (TGFC) during winter and spring. Before the stem extension stage of barley growth, Cladosporium sp. spontaneously appeared in the TGFC. The severity of disease became serious under warmer temperature conditions. Further, the stomata closed as the severity of the disease increased; however, stomatal conductance at the initial stage of disease was higher than that of the normal leaves. This was likely due to the Iwanov effect, which explains that stressed plants rapidly and transiently open their stomata before longer-term closure. In this study, we tested three optical methods: soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll index, photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm). These rapid evaluation methods have not been used in studies focusing on disease stress, although some studies have used these methods to monitor other stresses. These three indicative parameters revealed that diseased barley exhibited lower values of these parameters than normal, and with the increase in disease severity, these values declined further. Our results will be useful in efficient monitoring and evaluation of crop diseases under future warming conditions.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Recently, intensive research has been conducted to develop innovative methods for diagnosing plant diseases based on hyperspectral technologies. Hyperspectral analysis is a new subject that combines optical spectroscopy and image analysis methods, which makes it possible to simultaneously evaluate both physiological and morphological parameters. Among the physiological and morphological parameters are classifying healthy and diseased plants, assessing the severity of the disease, differentiating the types of pathogens, and identifying the symptoms of biotic stresses at early stages, including during the incubation period, when the symptoms are not visible to the human eye. Plant diseases cause significant economic losses in agriculture around the world as the symptoms of diseases usually appear when the plants are infected severely. Early detection, quantification, and identification of plant diseases are crucial for the targeted application of plant protection measures in crop production. Hence, this can be done by possible applications of hyperspectral sensors and platforms on different scales for disease diagnosis. Further, the main areas of application of hyperspectral sensors in the diagnosis of plant diseases are considered, such as detection, differentiation, and identification of diseases, estimation of disease severity, and phenotyping of disease resistance of genotypes. This review provides a deeper understanding, of basic principles and implementation of hyperspectral sensors that can measure pathogen-induced changes in plant physiology. Hence, it brings together critically assessed reports and evaluations of researchers who have adopted the use of this application. This review concluded with an overview that hyperspectral sensors, as a non-invasive system of measurement can be adopted in early detection, identification, and possible solutions to farmers as it would empower prior intervention to help moderate against decrease in yield and/or total crop loss.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

India has maximum genetic materials in early cauliflower, which grow in subtropical conditions. Different disease parameters like linear growth, maximum growth rate per day, AUDPC, apparent infection rate and percent diseased area were calculated in artificially inoculated plants. Apparent infection rate is not co-related with the black rot disease incidence and should never be considered during characterization of disease resistance and varietal screening. Based on the above disease parameters Kunwari-18, Phool Gobhi Kunwari, Kataki-7 and BT-10-2 were selected as moderately resistance to black rot in early cauliflower. These lines can be used for black rot prone area and also for black rot disease improvement programme. Considering the qualitative and quantitative parameters, slow rotting resistance cauliflower lines are selected as such for cultivation and would be best suited in integrated disease programme.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.181-197
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• 2024

본 연구는 염 스트레스 조건에서 이탈리안 라이그라스(IRG)의 엽록소 형광 반응을 검토하여 품종 간의 내염성을 평가하였다. 시험에 사용한 IRG 품종은 코윈어리, 그린콜, 그린팜, 그린팜 3호, IR 603, IR 605, IR 901등 7품종이다. 염농도에 따른 초기 생장은 온실에서 수경재배로 조사하였고, 염농도 변화 처리 시의 생육 및 엽록소 형광 시험은 생장상에서 수경재배로 조사하였다. 1. 염농도에 따른 품종별 초기 생장을 보면, 0.1%~0.3% 염농도 범위에서 코원어리, 그린콜, 그린팜, IR 605는 대조구와 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 그린팜 3호, IR 603, IR 901은 염농도 0.1%에서 오히려 대조구보다 생장량이 유의하게 증가하였다. 0.6% 이상의 염농도에서는 모든 품종의 생장량이 감소하였는데, 코윈어리, IR 605, IR 901 품종은 대조구에 비해 상대적인 감소 비율이 적었으며, IR 603의 감소 비율은 비교적 컸으나 절대적인 수량이 가장 많았다. 염농도에 따른 7품종의 엽록소 형광 측정 결과, 대부분의 품종이 0.1~0.3% 염농도의 OJIP 곡선에서 대조구와 유사하지만 염농도 0.6% 이상에서는 엽록소 형광량이 감소하였다. 엽록소 형광 파라미터 상대 비율 중 ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC 값은 식물체의 생장량과 유의하게 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 염농도의 급격한 변화가 IRG에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 염농도를 급격히 상승시킨 처리에서는 생장량, SPAD, 상대 수분 함량이 감소하고 전해질 용출량이 증가하였는데, 품종별로는 그린팜 3호와 IR 901품종의 변화가 비교적 적었다. 엽록소 형광 파라미터 상대 비율 중 염농도 상승 1시간 후의 ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, 염농도 상승 3시간 후와 7일 후의 PI_ABS는 식물체의 생장량과 유의한 양의 상관을 보였으며, 염농도 상승 3시간 후와 1일 후의 DIo/RC는 음의 상관을 보였다. 3. 염농도를 급격히 하강시킨 처리에서는 식물체의 생장량, SPAD, 상대 수분 함량이 증가하였고, 전해질 용출량이 감소하였는데, 품종별로는 그린팜, IR 901, 코윈어리 품종의 변화가 비교적 많았다. 엽록소 형광 파라미터 상대비율 중 염농도 하강 1시간 후의 PI_ABS, 5시간 후의 ABS/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC는 식물체의 생장량과 유의한 양의 상관을 보였다. 4. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 염 스트레스와 염농도 변화 환경에서 IRG 7품종 중 코윈어리와 IR901 품종은 상대적 생장량이 우수하였다. 또한, IR603 품종은 염 스트레스 환경에서 생장량의 감소는 많지만, 다른 품종보다 절대적인 생장량이 많았다. 엽록소 형광 매개변수는 품종과 스트레스 환경에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 이는 염 스트레스로 인한 반응중심의 활성 변화 때문일 것으로 보인다. 특히 염 스트레스를 판단하기 위한 생장 지표로, 반응중심 당 에너지의 흐름과 에너지 보존 효율을 의미하는 엽록소 형광 매개변수들이 효과적으로 이용될 것으로 판단된다.