• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.2
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• pp.64-82
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• 1999

This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of Maternal Self-Report Inventory that was developed by Shea and Tronick for measuring maternal self-esteem. The subjects were 154 mothers. The construct validity for the scale was tested by factor analysis with five factor loading solution based on the previous study. One item was excluded because total-item correlation was too low, so that the number of total items were twenty-five, the analysis yielded five well defined factors: confidence on the maternal role, general ability of maternal role, caretaking ability, readiness on maternal role, and feeling on the pregnancy and deli very. These five factors explained 52.38% of the variance in the maternal self-esteem. Maternal self-esteem was not affected by maternal age, educational level, occupation, religion, delivery type, or parity. The reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was .82, for 26 items, and .83 if one item was deleted. Guttman split-half cofficient was .75. In subscale analysis, Cronbach's alpha was .63~.84. In conclusion. Maternal Self-Report Inventory showed a high degree of validity and reliability, suitable in Korean mothers for measuring maternal self-esteem. In the further study, it would be necessary to compare the maternal self-esteem between mothers with normal babies and premature babies, for confirming the criterion-related validity of the inventory.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines. Methods: The concept of parenting stress of international marriage immigrant women was analysed with a hybrid model. Data were collected from 273 international marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and the Philippines who were raising their children aged 1 to 6 years. These collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, multitrait/multi-item matrix assessment, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency measurement. Results: The final instrument consisted of 28 items. The following six factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis: 'insufficiency of parenting support system', 'role burden of mothers', 'maladjustment of children', 'confusion of parenting methods due to cultural differences', 'unskilled Korean communication', and 'ordinary difficulties'. Construct validity (factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity) and criterion-related validity were confirmed. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of total items was .92(95% CI .91-.94). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of values for these factors ranged from .76 to .85. Conclusion: The parenting stress scale for international marriage immigrant women is a valid and reliable tool.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to compare health habit and self-rated health status among early adulthood women in 1995, 2001, and 2007. Also, it was performed to determine correlations between health habits and self-rated health status. Methods: This research was investigated to identify a transition of health habits and self-rated health status. Participants who agreed to participate in the study were 18~25years old college women. Data was collected from 380 college students in 1995, 196 college students 2001, and 411 college students in 2007. Health habit assessment questionnaire was developed by authors. The reliability of the questionnaire were Cronbach $\alpha$=.87. Cronbach $\alpha$=.85, Cronbach $\alpha$=.90. The visual analogue scale which had 100 self-rating scores was used. All statistical analyses were used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Levene's test, repeated measure ANOVA, Brown-Forsythe test, Turkey test, Games-Howell test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Health habit level, and self-rated heath status were significantly increased over time after 1995. Health habits was correlated with self-rated health status. Conclusion: Health habits and self-rated health status were influenced by health environments. Health practitioner can use perceived health status to access health habits.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the validity and reliability of a translated Korean version of Templer's death anxiety scale among older adults. Methods: The translated Korean scale was administered to 203 older people who aged over 65 years. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to assess the factor structure of the scale. Internal consistency of the scale was determined using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Guttman's split-half coefficient. Results: Factor loadings of the scale ranged from .43 to .86. The scale showed good internal consistencies of both total scale (13 items, ${\alpha}=.83$) and three sub-scales: meaning of death (6 items, ${\alpha}=.77$), death-related event (5 items, ${\alpha}=.72$), and time of death (2 items, ${\alpha}=.80$). The concurrent validity compare with Fear of Death Scale was significant. The Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's split-half coefficient were .83 and .80, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of Templer's death anxiety scale had satisfactory validity and reliability to measure death anxiety among Korean older people.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the basic data for qualitative improvement of emergency care for emergency patient by paramedic in fire station by understanding the level of awareness and practice in prehospital and transfer step, and understanding the level of emergency care and improvement of clinical knowledge through hospital clinical training. Methods: The researchers explained the objective for 143 persons who completed hospital clinical training from June 2nd, 2006 to October 23rd, 2009 among paramedic in fire station. The questionnaire in this research consisted of 80 questions. In the reliability for the awareness of emergency patient assessment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.95, and in the reliability for emergency care fulfillment, cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.93. reliability for clinical knowledge improvement is cronbach's $\alpha=.95$, and reliability for emergency care fulfillment is cronbach's $\alpha=.82$. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS 18.0 statistics program for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Paired t-test, t-test, Correlation Coefficient, and internal consistency reliability was analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$. Results: 1) The paramedic awareness and practice difference for emergency patient is statistically signification for general patient assessment(t=14.159, p=.000), trauma patient assessment(t=11.288, p=.000), internal medicine patient assessment(t=10.898, p=.000), and it shows the level of practice is lower than the level of awareness. 2) The paramedic difference between the level of awareness and practice according to whether or not they have clinical career is not signification on awareness(t=3.119, p=.125), and is high on practice(t=3.119, p=.002). 3) The correlation between paramedic awareness and the level of practice shows positive correlation(r=.61, p=.000). The higher the awareness of emergency patient assessment is, the higher the level of practice is. 4) The difference between paramedic clinical knowledge improvement and the level of emergency care practice is statistically significant(t=3.351, p=.001). 5) 89.6%(128 persons) of paramedic replied hospital clinical training experiences are helpful for field activity. 92.3%(133 persons) replied they apply well for clinical knowledge learned during hospital clinical training and emergency care skills in the field. Conclusion: Paramedic in fire station must evaluate the patient's initial assessment and activate the transfer system to the emergency department. It is necessary to develop and implement the effective education program continuously. The education program should systemize currently operated hospital clinical training. emergency disease and symptoms emergency care method, and practice mainly skill education should be progressed. In the prehospital and transfer management, high quality of medical assessment is required to the emergency medical service system. Medical direction from the doctors can feedback the paramedic continuously and continuing education must be provided to the paramedic in fire station.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.50-62
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop scale of test taker to affect on process of selection of college. The study procedures were performed as follow : establish of study model, item generation, verification of content validity, 1st and 2nd pilot test and verification of construct validity and reliability. In order to verification of validity and reliability, 230 freshman were surveyed and the data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, skewness. kurtosis, Pearson correlation, Verimax factor analysis and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. As result of factor analysis, the 15 factors(61 items) that explain 68.37% of the total variance were extracted and each factors were classified by attribution as follow : Information collection-mass media(4items), college activity (3items), support and environment(4items), education(5items), Influential person on decision making(3items), education quality(4items), education service(5items), reputation(3items), accessibility(2items), personal circumstances(2items), college's mass media(5items), promotion (4items), on-line(4items), person's PR (3items), College image(10items). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of total items was 0.916 and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of each factors were showed range between 0.694~0.878. Measurement scale of this study may be utilized to collect basic data be required to establish policy strategy of local college be faced with difficulty of admission recruitment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.453-458
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop an evaluation reliability of Korean pattern identification for wind stroke. We studied 643 patients with stroke and made a list of registry for each of them. The present study analyzed 553 cases, in which the resident’s pattern identification agreed with the specialist’s one, and the cases included five differentiation pattern: the fire-heat pattern (114), the dampness-phlegm pattern (157), the static blood pattern (11), the Yin deficiency pattern (81), and the Qi deficiency pattern (190). This study showed that none of the Cronbach's alpha reached 0.700, which is the general reliable level. The average Cronbach's alpha of each symptoms was 0.353 for the dampness-phlegm pattern, 0.571 for the fire-heat pattern, 0.443 for the Qi deficiency pattern, 0.451 for the Yin deficiency pattern, and 0.302 for the static blood pattern. This suggests the possibility that each pattern identification could be coincided with other symptoms, and it also shows the limits of pattern identification of this study that narrows the symptoms of paralysis patients into only a single pattern. Continuous compliments and researches should be done referring to this matter. However, the internal consistency analysis of all the pattern identification showed that every Cronbach's alpha were within the range of 0.670 to 0.703, and the Cronbach's alpha of the whole symptoms was evaluated as 0.692, which makes the reliability of the pattern identification as itself almost satisfactory to the general reliable level, and therefore, significant. In the future, continuous clinical research to develope this pattern identification for wind stroke actually applicable to stroke patients needs to be made through accumulating more cases, improving the objectivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to revalidate the 'Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) in clinical nurses'. 150 clinical nurses from three general hospitals in two cities participated in this study. Data were collected from March to April in 2017. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. The final HVAS-14 consisted of fourteen items and four factors emerged, which explained 74.1% of the total variance. These four factors were labeled: Factor 1 (3 items) 'awareness' which explained 20.3%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' which explained 20.2%; Factor 3 (3 items) 'reaction' which explained 15.5%; and Factor 4 (4 items) 'result' which explained 15.4%. The internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as measured by Cronbach's alpha, were both .87, and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .78 to .86. The results of this study indicate that HVAS-14 is a useful, reliable and valid instrument to measure the hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.324-331
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• 2017

This study consisted of methodological research verifying the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the interpersonal emotion management (IEM) strategies scale after translating and modifying the scale developed by Little et al. The study verified the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability based on 189 nurses working at four hospitals in the Seoul and Gyeonggi region. In this study, the Korean version of the IEM strategies scale was comprised of four factors, with a total of 15 questions that included three regarding situation modification, three regarding attention deployment, four regarding cognitive change, and five on modifying emotional response. Furthermore, verification of concurrent validity revealed that the Korean version of the IEM strategies scale was a valid tool as the correlation of the emotional intelligence scale appeared as r=0.60 (p<0.001). The reliability verification showed four factors at Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.84-90$, confirming that the Korean version of the tool in this study was very reliable.It is important to note that this study provided basic data for the development of educational programs that can effectively control the negative emotions of clinical nurses at the organization level.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 2004

1. The values of Cronbach's alpha for the Taeyang, Taeum, Soyang and Soeum questionnaire were 0.7955, 0.7776, 0.8545, and 0.8601 respectively. These results indicate a highly satisfactory level of internal consistency for the questionnaire. 2. If the deletion of an item increases Cronbach's alpha then what that means is that the deletion of that item improves reliability. Therefore, any items that result in substantially greater values of alpha than the overall alpha may need to be deleted from the questionnaire to improve its reliability. 3. Factor analysis was performed on the 81 questionnaires. Based on the scree plot and the number and decrement of eigen values greater than one, three to four factor solution was most significant. 4. The hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on the 81 Sasang constitution questionnaire. These results suggested that two or four clusters identified with homogeneous groups 5. The hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on the 1046 responders. These results suggested that two, three, or four clusters might identified with homogeneous groups. Furthemore, there were statistically significant difference among the each group by ANOVA(P<0.0001).