• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 1992

The sanitation inspection is the most frequently used procedure to protect foods prepared in foodservice establishments. In order to enhance foodservice inspections and to improve post-inspection remedial measures, more practical evaluation methods for sanitation are required. The HACCP approach is based upon factors which contribute to foodborne disease rather than of factors which relate to aesthetics. Contributing factors for foodborne diseases from food service establishments reported in USA, Candada, and England were analyzed to identify potential hazards during practical foodservice operations. Hazards were classified at critical control points by risk ranking, Twenty-two observable practical indicators relating to each contributing factor were selected and adjusted to standardized procedures and hazard determiners at critical control points, The weights for each inspection item were ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 according to the risk level of contributing factors. And also application for the inspection item in different 6 types of work procedures were suggested for the use of specialized foodservice establishment and cafeteria, and of manager's self inspection in each establishment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

Recently, domestic construction companies have been moving towards overseas markets due to decreasing orders and an increase in competitiveness within the domestic market. However, there is a higher risk involved in the overseas construction Industry than in the domestic construction industry. Especially, because domestic construction companies lack development's experience, such a companies have a weakness of hidden risk factors. For Overseas New Town development project's success of domestic construction companies, preferentially, It Is necessary to deduce and analysis of risk factors in real estate development phases. This study would possibly be able to provide the preliminary data for Overseas New Town development projects in the future.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify status and characteristics of patients who have been readmitted to ICU, and to analyze risk factors associated with the readmission to ICU within 48hours. Method: Data were collected from patient's electronic medical reports from one hospital in B city. Participants were 2,937 patients aged 18 years old or older admitted to the ICU. Data were analyzed using odd ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions. Results: 2.2% of the 2,937 patients were early readmitted to ICU. Risk factors for early readmission to ICU were existence of respiratory disease, use of mechanical ventilator, and duration of hospitalization (longer). Conclusion: The assessment on the respiratory system of the patient who will be discharged from the ICU was identified as an important nursing activity. Therefore, the respiratory system management and education should be actively conducted. In addition, early ICU readmission may be prevented and decreased if a link was built to share the information on patient condition between the ICU and general wards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.64-77
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• 2002

In every sectors of industry, the Business Process Reengineering(BPR) has been applied for taking competitive advantage under rapidly changing environment. A company adopting the BPR has begun to consider the introduction of Enterprise Resource Planning ERP systems. ERP systems can integrates many core activities of business, such as manufacturing management, human resource management, financial management, supply chain management by applying the best practices to facilitate a rapid decision-making, cost reductions, and organizational control. Unfortunately, however, many tentative risk factors are existed through each phase of the introduction of ERP systems. As a result, it can bring an enormous benefits to a company or it can be a disastrous for organization. Therefore, two critical questions regarding the introduction of ERP systems should be analyzed before actual introduction has happened. They are "how can ERP systems be introduced successfully\ulcorner" and "what are the critical success factors for each phase of introduction of ERP systems\ulcorner". Through this research, We studied and analyzed the characteristics of critical success factors requiring at each phase of the introduction of ERP systems by applying the questionnaire survey method. Finally, we suggest the list of barriers and critical success factors for each phase of introduction of ERP systems.tion of ERP systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the incidence of intravenous extravasation and the risk factors associated with the use of peripheral intravenous catheters in adults. Method : This prospective observational study included 203 adult patients admitted to the general ward who received non-chemotherapy vesicant drug infusion treatments. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentage, means, standard deviations, and odds ratios (ORs) from multiple logistic regressions. Results : The incidence of extravasation was 43.3%. Risk factors for intravenous extravasation included continuous injections (OR=5.35, 95% CI [1.38, 20.83]), and parenteral nutrition (OR=3.53, 95% CI [1.43, 8.73]). Conclusion : The present findings revealed that gastrointernal medicine problems, continuous injection, and parenteral nutrition were related to intravenous extravasation. Further research is necessary to reduce the incidence of extravasation related to peripheral intravenous catheterization in adults, and to prevent secondary complications. Finally, patients should be provided appropriate and continuous care based on the type of intravenous infusion.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.88-100
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify risk factors for unplanned reintubation after planned extubation and to analyze the clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Methods : The study examined patients who underwent intubation and planned extubation admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The reintubation group comprised 58 patients underwent unplanned reintubation within 7 days of planned extubation. The maintenance group comprised 116 patients who did not undergo reintubation and were matched with the reintubation group using the rational for matching criteria. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. We used the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, 𝑥²-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results : The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that albumin (odds ratio [OR]=0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20-0.72), surgery time (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.20-1.97), PaO₂ before extubation (OR=0.85 per 10 mmHg, 95% CI=0.75-0.97), postoperative arrhythmia (OR=2.82, 95% CI=1.22-6.51), reoperation due to bleeding (OR=4.65, 95% CI=1.27-17.07), and postoperative acute renal failure (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.09-8.04) were risk factors for unplanned reintubation. The reintubation group had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (𝑥²=33.74, p<.001), longer intensive care unit stay (Z=-7.81, p<.001), and longer hospital stay than the maintenance group (Z=-8.29, p<.001). Conclusion : These results identified risk factors and clinical outcomes of unplanned reintubation after planned extubation after cardiac surgery. These findings should be considered when developing and managing an intervention program to prevent and reduce the incidence of unplanned reintubation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.341-346
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• 2005

After the IMF shock, some major construction companies in Korea have been motivated to avoid and mitigate various risk factors which could be critical and catastrophic events to corporate revenue and organization internally or externally. It means that they are trying to introduce and set up a risk management plan and system suitable to their organization and culture. L construction co. ltd. is one of major construction companies that have been searching methodologies or technologies to manage various risk factors surrounding corporate marketing and project operation. This paper presents an unique approach to develop a model of risk management plan and system suitable to L construction itself focused on the construction phase.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and factors related to falls occurring among the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The subjects were 299 community-dwelling-elderly in Jeju Province. Data were collected via in-person interviews by five visiting nurses in October, 2012. Fall risk assessment tools developed by the CDC, K-ADL, HDS-K, and GDS were used for data collection. Results: A significant number of subjects (34.1%) had experienced a fall at least once within the last six months. Living arrangements, strokes, urinary incontinence, main daily activities, and depression were significant factors related to these falls. Other risk factors included heavy use of medications, difficulties in walking and standing, needing arms to stand up from a chair, and hearing loss. Conclusion: The results reveal critical factors related to falls among the community-dwelling elderly. These information should be used to develop and implement fall prevention programs in communities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the features, risk scores and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in their lower extremities. Methods: The participants in this prospective descriptive study were 175 adult patients who did not receive any prophylactic medication or mechanical therapy during their admission in the intensive care unit. Results: The mean age was 62.24 (${\pm}17.28$) years. Men made up 54.9% of the participating patients. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, and leg swelling between patients who developed deep vein thrombosis and those who did not have deep vein thrombosis. The mean risk score was 6.71(${\pm}2.94$) and they had on average 4.01(${\pm}1.35$) risk factors. In the multiple logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio=1.14) and leg swelling (odds ratio=6.05) were significant predictors of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion: Most critically ill patients are in the potentially high risk group for deep vein thrombosis. However, patients who are elderly, obese or have leg edema should be closely assessed and more than one type of active prophylactic intervention should be provided.