• Title/Summary/Keyword: Crime-Free

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DYNAMICS OF GUN VIOLENCE BY LEGAL AND ILLEGAL FIREARMS: A FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE APPROACH

  • Chandrali, Baishya;P., Veeresha
    • Honam Mathematical Journal
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.572-593
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    • 2022
  • Crime committed by civilians and criminals using legal and illegal firearms and conversion of legal firearms into illegal ones has become a common practice around the world. As a result, policies to control civilian gun ownership have been debated in several countries. The issue arose because the linkages between firearm-related mortality, weapon accessibility, and violent crime data can imply diverse options for addressing criminality. In this paper, we have projected a mathematical model in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative to address the issues viz. input of legal guns, crime committed by legal and illegal guns, and strict government policies to monitor the license of legal guns, strict action against violent crime. The boundedness, existence and uniqueness of solutions and the stability of points of equilibrium are examined. It is observed that violent crime increases with the increase of crime committed by illegal guns, crime committed by legal guns and, decreases with the increase of legal guns, the deterrent effect of civilian gun ownership, and action of law against crime. Further, legal guns increase with the increase of the limitation of trade of illegal guns and decrease with the increase of conversion of legal guns into illegal guns and increase of the growth rate of illegal guns. Again, as crime is committed by legal guns also, the policy of illegal gun control does not assure a crime-free society. Weak gun control can lead to a society with less crime. Theoretical aspects are numerically verified in the present work.

A Study on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Planning of Urban Mixed-use Commercial Facilities - Focused on the Users' Consciousness - (도시 복합상업시설의 범죄예방 환경계획을 위한 연구 - 이용자 의식조사를 중심으로 -)

  • Ha, Mi-Kyoung;Lee, Hyo-Chang
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.3-14
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    • 2015
  • The most important issue of modern cities is a crime. Crime prevention through environmental planning is needed in the urban mixed-use commercial facilities which have an important role of modern urban life, and have a positive elements for local society. The purpose of this study is to propose a direction of crime prevention through environmental planning for the urban mixed-use commercial facilities. In order to accomplish this purpose, a questionnaire survey is performed on users of urban mixed-use commercial facilities to evaluate the importance and satisfaction. The conclusions are as follows; 1) Crime prevention through environmental planning is needed in the public space which forms boundary between urban mixed-use commercial facilities and other urban facilities. 2) Safety support planning is necessary for women and children for crime prevention of urban mixed-use commercial facilities. 3) Crime prevention planning is needed in urban mixed-use commercial facilities of the various isolation space. 4) Crime prevention through environmental planning is needed for facilities of after business hours. 5) Various security alarm system considering the characteristics of the space is needed for crime prevention. 6) Community program is necessary in order to increase the utilization of external public space. 7) A sign is necessary to prevent a criminal act in urban mixed-use commercial facilities. 8) The connection of commercial facilities and activity inducing factors is needed.

A Study on the Environmental Planning Guidelines for Crime Safety at Elementary School settings (초등학교 교육환경의 범죄안전 환경계획방안에 관한 연구)

  • Byun, Gi-Dong;Ha, Mi-Kyoung
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to propose the environmental planning guidelines of elementary school settings for a crime safety. The research methodologies To achieve the goal, the literature review analysis and the survey were used as main research methodologies. The survey is organized as follows. First, elementary education facilities were divided into 20 spaces based on the major space. Second, after analyzing the domestic and foreign CPTED Guidelines, elements of environmental planning were classified to fit in the space. Based on this, the expert survey was conducted. The results of this study are as follows; First, it is necessary to consider specific places such as 'toilets', 'parking lot', 'in-between space', 'main access road', 'sub-access road' and 'harmful facilities around school' for safer school environment. Second, it is significant to plan 'equipment facilities' and 'outdoor space in the school setting' with priority for elementary education environment. Third, environmental planning elements for safer elementary schools can be classified into 9 factors(types) including 'natural surveillance planning', 'territoriality reinforcement planning', 'mechanical surveillance planning', 'access control planning' and 'neighborhood reinforcement planning'. Forth, regarding 'indoor space', crime-free elementary school environment can be build through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'territoriality reinforcement planning'. Finally, regarding 'outdoor space', the crime can be prevented through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'access control planning'.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DETAINED DELINQUENT ADOLESCENTS AND VARIABLES RELATED TO THE REPEATED CRIME DURING 6 MONTHS AFTER RELEASE (구속된 비행 청소년들의 특성 및 석방 후 6개월간 재범여부와 관련된 변인)

  • Kim, Won-Sik;Koh, Seung-Hee;Koo, Yong-Jin;Kim, Hong-Chang;Suh, Dong-Hyuck;Chung, Sun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.201-211
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    • 1999
  • Objectives:This study investigated the characteristics of detained delinquent adolescents and variables related to the repeated crime during 6 months after release. Methods:The socio-demographic and crime-related characteristics of 73 detained adolescents were evaluated by semi-structured interviews and police records, and the psychological characteristics of them measured by the MMPI. We also compared the characteristics between subjects with and without repeated crime during 6 months after release. Results:1) Most of detained adolescents had families with low socioeconomic status(77%) and broken families(48%). Sixty-six percent of them were dropped out of school. The most frequent crime pattern was theft(49%), and with accomplice(77%). Seventy-five percent of total subjects had the records of previous conviction. Of the previous convictions, seventy-eight percent was same with the present crimes. 2) Subjects with repeated crime during 6 months after release were younger and had higher T-score on Pa scale of MMPI than the subjects without repeated crime. More adolescents with repeated crime had broken families than those without repeated crime. They also showed the crime-related characteristics of higher percent of theft among crime patterns, higher incidence of previous conviction, younger age of the first crime, and shorter crime-free duration from the last to present crime. Conclusion:These results of present study suggest that the development and the persistence of adolescent delinquency would be resulted from interaction of factors of individual, family, school, and community. By the comparison between subjects with and without repeated crime, it was found that familial dysfunction, younger age at first crime, presence of previous conviction might be the risk factors for repeated delinquency. To prevent repeated crime of delinquent adolescents more effectively, early therapeutic intervention and the development of programs to help adaptation in school and community would be essential.

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A Proposal for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design for Making Safe Residential Environment - Focusing on Alleys in the Residential Area of Busan - (안전한 주거환경 조성을 위한 범죄예방 환경디자인 제안 - 부산시 주거지역 골목길 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Kang, Seung-Yeong;An, Su-Mi;Son, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.150-159
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    • 2014
  • Recently, violent crimes against the socially disadvantaged have become more frequent and became serious social issues. In addition, compared to the past, the crime methods have become more diverse and intricate, which results in larger damages. For those reasons, the public are increasingly concerned about crimes and it is detrimental to the quality of life in general. Currently, safety in alleys and other residential spaces is protected only by mechanical and managerial functions such as CCTV and police patrol. Safe environment from crimes can be achieved only if there are environmental and spatial plans such as CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) principles. The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for spatial planning that can prevent crimes through environmental elements, by researching the spatial planning and current status of alleys and residential spaces from the viewpoint of CPTED. To do so, first, a review checklist was created based on five principles of CPTED and field surveys were conducted on the northern districts of Busan with high crime rates. Second, the problems were analyzed through the field surveys and checklist was classified based on five principles of CPTED to propose improvements for each item. Also, a computer graphic simulation was used to suggest a design proposal. We expect that the application of the basic environmental design principles and guidelines for CPTED will have the effect of creating crime-free and safe spaces in alleys and residential environment.

Mediated Effect of Mobile Financial Crime Fear on the Relationship between Mobile Financial Crime Vulnerability Perception and Mobile Financial Using (모바일금융범죄 취약성인식과 모바일금융 사용 간의 관계에서 모바일금융 범죄두려움의 매개효과)

  • Kwon, Joon-Sung;Gong, Jung-Sik
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.305-314
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    • 2020
  • Mobile environment is relatively free from time and space constraints, and has unique characteristics such as not applying physical and social vulnerability because of it's non-face-to-face channel. Since such spatial and temporal speciality is likely to appear in a different form from psychological action and action in a general face-to-face environment, it is necessary to conduct an empirical study based on the results of the existing research that has been studied as major psychological variables of action in mobile environment. However, advance research have not been conducted in earnest on the vulnerability and anxiety of the consumers in a new environment called mobile finance. so this study intends to establish the basis through empirical research. As a result, women among traditional vulnerable groups perceived themselves to be vulnerable in mobile financial environments than men and felt fear of crime strongly. In addition, the vulnerability of mobile financial crime did not have a significant direct effect on mobile financial use, but it was confirmed that mobile crime fear was mediated completely and had an indirect effect on mobile financial use.

A Study on Crime Victims' Right to State (범죄피해자의 진술권리에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Ho Jung;Lim, Hee
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.11 no.9
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2013
  • It was just over 20 years ago that the victim who had been seen as the forgotten man in criminal justice system for a long time started to participate in criminal proceedings and state his opinion. Other countries such as America and Japan provide crime victims with the opportunity to state freely about facts of damage as well as their opinions in criminal proceedings at present. However, Korea gives the victim the right of statement as a witness, though the statement of crime victim's opinion is the constitutional right. That is, as crime victims are not free from perjury they cannot actively state their views. Meanwhile, if the freedom of crime victims' statement is guaranteed in law and victims can state opinions with their own voice, victims' statement of opinion will help the victims treat and relieve their psychological damages. For these reasons, it is desirable that Korea, like the U.S. and Japan, gives crime victims the right to state their opinion without fear of perjury in criminal proceedings not as witnesses but as the aggrieved party.

Study on the Realities in Seoul Subway Crimes: Criminal Psychology (서울지하철 범죄 실태에 대한 범죄심리학적 연구)

  • Rim, Sang-Gon
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.7
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    • pp.233-285
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    • 2004
  • ‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.

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Dynamic Evaluation Methods for SMS Phishing Blocking App Based on Detection Setup Function (감지설정기능을 적용한 스미싱 차단앱의 동적 평가방법에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jang Il;Kim, Myung Gwan;Kwon, Young Man;Jung, Yong Gyu
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2015
  • Although the development of mobile devices are made us a free life, they were displayed the subject of this financial crime and attacking forces in the other side. Among finance-related crime is become a serious crime that are targeting smartphones by SMS phishing, phishing, pharming, voice phishing etc. In particular, SMS phishing is increased according to phenomenon using the nature of a text message in the mobile. SMS phishing is become new crime due to the burden to the smartphone user. Their crime is also the advanced way from the existing fraud, such as making the malicious apps. Especially it generates loopholes in the law by a method such as using a foreign server. For safe from SMS phishing attacks, proactive pre-diagnosis is even more important rather than post responses. It is necessary to deploy blocking programs for detecting SMS phishing attacks in advance to do this. In this paper we are investigating the process of block types and block apps that are currently deployed and presenting the evaluation of the application of the detection block setting app.