• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.27
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• pp.51-78
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• 2012

The types of cartoon market are classified with publishing cartoon(a cartoon magazine & comics) and webtoon. The revitalization of the cartoon market makes cartoonist create many cartoons. By studying many methods for the revitalization of the cartoon market, this paper argues the expanded methods of comics market which is a sort of publishing cartoon market. The expanded methods of comics market are two kinds, one is the revitalization of the comics market and the other is the creation of the comics market. This paper focuses on Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon in order to extend the cartoon market. Also, After studying the Creation Proceed of cartoon market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon, we would like to develope the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market. We selected three case(the Real Estate Agency expressed as Cartoon, Let's find an answer in sided figure blank, miraculous English grammar) for this study. With this, we analyzed the case that the matters for analysis is the essential particulars of plan-publishing-distribution's proceed. As a result, we found out the possibility of new cartoon market's creation through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. For that reason, we was able to develop 'the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon'. This paper provides the possibility about the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. With this, we will make many plans for creation of Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoons. Therefore, This plans will help cartoonists to create the Genre-mixed cartoons.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.718-727
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• 2022

The Korean domestic cartoon industry has grown explosively by 65% compared to the previous year. Then the market size is expected to exceed KRW 1 trillion. However, excessive work results in health deterioration. Moreover, this working environment makes the production of human resources insufficient, repeating a vicious cycle. Although some tasks require creation activity during cartoon production, there are still a lot of simple repetitive tasks. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method for creating a character pose through human pose estimation (HPE). The HPE is to detect key points for each joint of a user. The primary role of the proposed method was to make each joint of the character match that of the human. The proposed method enabled us to create the pose of the two-dimensional cartoon character through the results. Furthermore, it was possible to save the static image for one character pose and the video for continuous character pose.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.203-221
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• 2013

While visual industry of the 21st century is becoming higher value-added industry, animation which is a representative genre of visual industry is also developed to the industry focused by government. Korea and China also pursue the development of animation as government executed animation industry promotion policy after the 2000s. However, its results are still under the expectation. Korea hopes advance of Chinese market because of the limitation of market and China is also one of the markets we want to grow together due to the vitalization of Korean visual market. Therefore, if examining characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation industry which is still influenced by government policy and analyzing characteristics of government policies of two countries so as to seek measures to exchange each other with mutual confidence, Korea showed manufacture supporting policies focusing on creation and design, but China focuses on support policies grasping markets of animation and establishing the space for production. Now, it has been about 10 years and Korean market of animation is unstable and it's difficult to release new manpower because of the insufficient space of creation. But, China secured animation market and established creation space in every region of the whole country, but there are not desirable outcomes because of the limitation of materials and characters and insufficient factors of designing and creation. If trying collaboration or joint production and sharing the market by utilizing characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation, both of two countries will obtain better outcomes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.123-137
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• 2009

This thesis is about to find possible opportunity to use Freeware Software in development and application of Digital Contents Creation software. There are 2D composition and Editing software, 3D production software and rendering Software as major part and motion capture, 3D Digitizing and other software operate in and out facilities in small part in Digital Contents Creation Software area. Most of Digital Contents Creation Software made by foreign countries such as USA and Canadian film, game and animation Digital Contents Creation industry, this causes higher production cost and lower profit of studios and usage of illegal copy of Digital Contents Creation Software as well. This thesis tried to present a solution to use Freeware Software in production process by researching and analyzing international and domestic software market and global trend of Freeware Software and present Freeware Software software in each production steps. This thesis include performance test of commercial render Freeware software.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.181-201
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• 2018

The cartoon industry in Korea has continued to decline due to the contraction of published comics market and decrease in the number of comic books rental stores until the 2000s when it rapidly started to experience qualitative changes and quantitative growth due to the emergence of webtoon. The market size of webtoon industry, valued at 420 billion won in 2015, is expected to grow to 880.5 billion won by 2018. Notably, most cartoonists who draw cartoon strips are using digital devices and producing scripts in data, thereby overcoming the geographical, spatial and physical limitation of contents. As a result, a favorable environment for the creation of local ecosystems is generated. While the infrastructures of human resources are steadily growing by region, cartoon industries that are supported by the government policy have shown good performance combined with factors of creative infrastructures in local areas such as webtoon experience centers, webtoon campuses and webtoon creation centers, etc. Nevertheless, it is true that cartoon infrastructures are substantially based on a capital area which leads to an imbalanced structure of cartoon industry. To see the statistics, companies of offline cartoon business in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province make up 87%, except for distribution industry. In addition, companies of online cartoon business which are situated outside of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province form merely 7.5%. Studies and research on local webtoon are inadequate. The existing studies on local webtoon usually focus on its industrial and economic values, mentioning the word "local" only sometimes. Therefore, this study looked into the current status of local webtoon of the present time for the current state of local cartoon ecosystem, middle and long-term support from the government, and an alternative in the future. Main challenges include the expansion of opportunities to enjoy cartoon cultures, the independence of cartoon infrastructure, and the settlement of regionally specialized cartoon cultures. It means that, in order to enable the cartoon ecosystem to settle down in local areas, it is vital to utilize and link basic infrastructures. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider independence and autonomy beyond the limited support by the government. Finally, webtoon should be designated as a culture, which can be a new direction of the development of local webtoon. Furthermore, desirable models should be continuously researched and studied, which are suitable for each region and connect them with regional tourism, culture and art industry. It will allow the webtoon industry to soft land in the industry. Local webtoon, which is a growth engine of regions and main contents of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to be a momentum for the decentralization of power and reindustrialization of regions.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.294-309
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• 2005

The term 'animation' derived from the Latin 'anima' meaning spirit, life, or vitality. Although its original meaning was somewhat related to creation of life or incorporation of vitality into an inanimate or nonexisting entity by providing mobility through artificial manipulation, it is now used in a rather narrow sense to define collectively the cartoon-based films or tape-recordings and specialists who are involved in animation production or related areas are called animators. The current worldwide market for animation production is progressing and expanding enormously. Although the domestic animation market is ranked as third in the world in terms of overall quantity, the reality is that there are few high quality products that can compete with foreign animation products in the global markets. This issue is further discussed in this paper along with the current status of the domestic animation technology and production. This investigation concerns the comparative analysis of literature data on foreign and domestic animation, which can be a basis for the production of internationally competitive animation work.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.39
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• pp.221-235
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• 2013

Through the comparative analysisand inductive research on main creation styles of Chinese, American and Japanese animation films, a conclusion can be given out, which means that the animation film style of each country can hardly be formed without their own traditional painting art, aesthetics habits and ways of thinking. It is these characteristics that form their unique animation film style. America emphasizes realism art, development and utilization of new technology, Japan pays sepcial attention totraditional painting art and comic stories. In business aspect, they bring about different business models relying on the experience of satisfying the diverse needs of domestic and global entertainment markets. When it comes to the content field, they carry forward universal values and meet the individualistic heroismso that a variety of business animation films and art animation films find their ways into the global market and acquire great popularity among audiences from all over the world. Through the comparasion of American and Japanese animation films, a new view to analyze the animation films of China is created. Animation creation is largely based on the need of socialist ideology from 50s to 80s. Even though the purposes of animation film creations returned to satisfying the diverse requirements of commercial markets and audiences, the consequences, such as the break gap of creations and talents, the lack of diverse creative styles and commercial market operation mechanism, sitll affect China's animation films today. Japan found thier position from the American model and became successful. Nowadays, China need find our own creative style and position from American model and Japanese model. And the systematic reformings that are detailed in the government managements, industry standards, internationalized talents cultivation and accumulation are the essential point.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.53-67
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• 2009

According to the changes of current regulation of media, the broadcasting environment has been loosened by market power, and came into competitive era for broadcasting industry with new technology of combined broadcasting and communication. To resolve these issues, the broadcasting provides are trying process of new channel brand identity to introduce their channels. The purpose of the research is to analyze Spot animation that has fast access to viewers among channel brand identity factors, review expandability and usage of Spot animation character to plan, manage character that can improve awareness and loyalty. Therefore it will study creation background and production, activities of each character representing KBS and MBC, compare the structure, color, material, expression of Spot animation character and summarize properties. To conclusion, three characters of KBS and MBC failed to apply structured and professional plan and management, only expressed image that each channel pursue on Station ID Spot animation and had issues of not deeply sighting expandability and usefulness as a character. The important factor to improve channel brand value of broadcasting provider is to have differentiated identity, and the core of it is to make image-responsible Station ID to be effective. Therefore, Spot animation and character of Station ID is a very important factor so there must be professional research and structural management from the early planning and production for character that represents the providers.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.337-356
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• 2015

Recently augmented reality contents are variously used in public such as advertisements or exhibits as well as children's books. Therefore, it is certain that the market, development of augmented reality contents, is gradually growing. Those who are the producer of augmented reality may be familiar with the skill where those images are used as a marker which is created by image recognition technique. In case of using image recognition technique, they usually use the augmented reality marker platform from Qualcomm since it is able to recognize self-produced images and 3-dimensional figures at no cost. This study was started when undergraduate students began to use those general techniques in their contents producing process. AR majoring students in Namseoul University applied image recognition technique to 3 AR contents exhibited in Sejong Center. Creating 3 different images, they have registered images at Image Target Manager provided by Vuforia to use as a marker. Moreover, they have modified the image producing method to raise the recognition rate by research. The higher recognition rate brings the more stable use of augmented reality contents. To achieve the satisfied rate, they have compared the elements of color contrast, pattern and etc. in the use of platform. Thus, the effective image creation method has been drawn. This study is aiming to suggest the production of stable contents by recognizing smart devices' limitation and producing educational contents. The purpose of this study is to help practically augmented reality contents developers by illustrating the application of augmented reality contents which are based on image recognition technique and also its effectiveness at the same time.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.43
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• pp.47-75
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• 2016

This study has analyzed the history of the subcontract animation in Korea that began with Golden Bat of TBC Animation Division in 1966 to 1980s and shed the light on the history of subcontract animation that has been processed over 30 years in Korean animation. For this purpose, through the outlined status of subcontract animation, such as, production company, production status, scale of industry and so forth, the status of the OEM industry then has been checked and it links the solidified background of animation into subcontract production industry with the situation in time for analysis. In addition, on the basis of the foregoing, it is intended to broaden the horizon of the history of animation through the analysis on new search for facilitating the creative animation by overcoming the issues and limits generated by the subcontract animation industry. 1970s was the time that the national objective is to advance heavy-chemical industry and export-led economic growth. From the late 1970s, the animation has been spot lighted as the main-stream export industry through the overseas subcontract orders for animation. Expansion of the subcontract animation production has been influenced from the national policies on public culture, dispersion of color TV, facilitation of video production market and other media changes of the time that led the decline of animation audiences in theaters, and another cause would be in lack of platform of broadcasting companies that avoided the independent animation production for its economic theory. The subcontract animation industry may have the positive evaluation in the aspect of expanding the animation environment, such as, structuring of animation infra, development of new human resources and etc. However, the technology-incentive 'production'-oriented advancement has created distorted structure in advancing the professional human resources due to the absence of 'pre-production' of planning and others as well as the insufficient perception on 'post production (post work)', and it was unable to formulate domestic market by re-investing the capital accumulated for OEM industry into the production of creative animation and it has been assessed as negative aspect. Animation is a cultural and spiritual product of a country. Therefore, the systematic support policy for the facilitation of the creative animation, such as, development of professional human resources, creation of outstanding work, formation of market to make the pre-circulation structure and so forth has to be sought. However, animation is an industry, but there is no perception that it is a cultural industry based on the creativeness, not hardware-oriented manufacturing business. Such a lack of recognition, there was no policies to make the market and facilitate the creative animation by the animation of Korea for this period through the long-term plan and investment for independent work production. Such an attempt is newly begun through diverse searches for protection and advancement of creative animation in Korea after 1990s.