• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as a natural food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and biological activities were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 85.6%, 2.4%, 1.9% and 0.4%, respeectively. Further, the calories of Crataegi fructus was 369.1 kcal. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 852.26 mg and 1,178.29 mg, respeectively. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P, Mg, which means Crataegi fructus is an alkali material. Crataegi fructus extracts slightly(17.6~32.8) inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. However, there is no inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase. In terms of proteslytic activity, Crataegi fructus extracts showed a strong activity than pancreatin(used as a positive control). These results indicate that Crataegi fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

This study analyzed the quality characteristics of the Sansapyun products, which were manufactured by mixing with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% of Crataegi fructus concentrate and 9% of mung bean starch. The moisture content and pH in Sansapyun decreased significantly(p<0.001) as the concentration of Crataegi fructus concentrate increased. Sweetness increased as the amount of Crataegi fructus concentrate increased in both Before/After cases. As for the L value of the color characteristics of Sansapyun, it turned out that the control group, which had 0% of Crataegi fructus concentrate, was higher. Meanwhile, the a and b values were the strongest with 30% of Crataegi fructus concentrate. As the concentration increased, the hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness all decreased significantly(p<0.001), while adhesiveness became higher as the concentration increased. The preference test showed that the increase of the concentration resulted in the increase of red color, fruity flavor, sour flavor, Chinese (herb) medicine flavor, sour taste, sweetness, Chinese (herb) medicine taste, stickiness, and aftertaste. However, the sleekness, transparency, hardness and springiness decreased as the concentration increased. The survey on the preference showed that the preferences for flavor, taste and overall preference were the highest at the 10% sample group, but the preferences for color and texture were the highest at the 20% sample group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2002

This study investigated the relaxation effects of Crataegi Fructus(CF, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) on the contraction evoked by phenylephrine in rabbit carotid artery, and also analyzes antioxidative status in vitro. CF revealed siginificant relaxation on phenylephrine-induced arterial contraction. It's relaxant effect statistically significant in both in the presence of endothelium and absence of endothelium, but statistically exerted more strong relaxation in the presence of endothelium. CF increased in vitro nitric oxide(NO) production in dose-dependent manner. Also, they reduced malondiaidehyde(MDA) concentrations, phosphatidyl choline-liposome(PCOOH) contents, linoleic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and exerted 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging effect, in vitro. These results indicate that Crataegi Fructus would be effective in relaxing arterial contraction and it's antioxidative effects may be involved in endothelium-dependent relaxation of artery via vascular protective properites.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1060-1065
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• 2002

LC20 phosphorylation and PKC α play an important role in modulation of contractile activity of smooth muscle. Besides, myosin phosphatase is also related with smooth muscle contraction in signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that Crataegi Fructus inhibited phenylephrine-induced contraction and which might be implicated in nitrite formation(Son et al., 2002). In this study, we investigated the effects of butanol fraction of Crataegi Fructus(BFFC) on the localization of α-protein kinease C(PKC α) and myosin phosphatase subnits(MPs) in freshly isolated single ferret potal vein cells, and phosphorylation of LC20 during phenylephrine stimulation. In PKC α and MPs localization, BFFC blocked its translocation from the cytosol to the cell membrane by treatment of phenylephrine. BFFC have also dephosphorylated LC20 phosphorylation by phenylephrine stimulation under basal level, but no significant. These results indicate that the relaxation effect of BFFC is associated with inhibition of PKC α activation and MPs dissociation, and thus myosin phosphatase activity may be increased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.897-902
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Crataegi fructus as natural health food source. The research was conducted to determine the biofunctional activities of Crataegi fructus extract. Methanolic extract from Crataegi fructus was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction was shown to have the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=4.39{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. In the antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective in bacterial inhibition, against the cases of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 18.4% inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.314-319
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• 2006

This research was investigated the effect of the Ginseng Radix plus Crataegi Fructus (Gin-CF) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the Gin-CF extract on $IL-1\beta,\;TNF-\alpha$ of BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The Gin-CF extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1\beta$ protein, $TNF-\alpha$ protein, MDA, and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the Gin-CF extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the Gin-CF extract for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the possibility of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) treatment through natural herbal medicines. Methods After screening a total of 77 herbal medicines through the paper disc agar diffusion method, we selected the herbal medicines that showed a effectiveness compared to the positive control vancomycin. Afterwards, drugs that showed inhibitory effects compared to C. difficile without inhibition of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum, known as beneficial bacteria, were selected and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was confirmed by applying the Broth microdilution method. Results The Coptidis Rhizoma, well known for its antimicrobial effect, was found to have antimicrobial effects on C. difficile, but also had inhibitory effects on the beneficial bacterium B. bifidum. 30% ethanol extraction Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus had antimicrobial effects on C. difficile without inhibiting the beneficial bacteria B. bifidum and L. plantarum. The MIC values of 30% ethanol extraction Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus were found to be 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus were identified as candidate medicines for C. difficile. Further researchs will need to be done in vivo, and to find an optimal extraction method accompanied by economic evaluation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Crataegi Fructus on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. The content of total phenolic compounds of water extract from Crataegi Fructus was 22.5 mg/g. The inhibitory activity of the water extract (200 ${\mu}g/ml$) from Crataegi Fructus on ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was determined to be 100% and 82.6%, respectively. Isolation of inhibitory compounds was carried out on Sephadex LH-20 and MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography using a gradient elution procedure of increasing MeOH in $H_2O$. The chemical structure of the inhibitory compound against ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was confirmed as chlorogenic acid by spectroscopic analysis of FAB-MS, NMR and IR spectrum.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.467-483
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• 2016

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of IUS (Inulsan, an extract of Artemisiae capillaris (茵蔯), Curcumae longae (鬱金), and Crataegi fructus (山査)) on anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation.Method: We administered water extracts of Artemisiae capillaris, Curcumae longae, and Crataegi fructus for three weeks to db/db mice (C57BL/Ks), animal models induced with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mice were divided into three groups: normal (C57BL/6J mice group), control group (db/db mice without administration of IUS) and IUS group (db/db mice treated with IUS). Then we measured total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in the serum after the oral administration of IUS.Results: 1. IUS did not show any cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. IUS decreased AST, ALP, and creatinine levelsand did not show any liver or renal toxicity in the db/db mice. 3. IUS increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and decreased ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. 4. IUS significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. IUS increased HDL cholesterol and significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in db/db mice. 6. IUS significantly decreased the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. 7. In contrast with the control group, fat infiltration in the liver and aorta decreased in IUS treated mice. The cell nucleus was located in the central area in H&E staining of liver. And endomembranes also were more thinner than the control group in H&E staining of aorta.Conclusions: These results suggest that IUS might be effective in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.461-466
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• 2003

The primary mechanism of smooth muscle contraction is phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chains(LC20) by a myosin light chain kinase(MLCK). Relaxation, then, is generally the result of dephosphorylation of LC20 by myosin phosphatase(MP). Changes in MP activity is one of the important mechanisms in the regulation of Ca2+-sensitivity. Inhibition of MP activity is linked to an increase in phosphorylated myosin light chain(MLC) without an increase in [Ca/sup 2+/]i-levels. It is now generally accepted that Rho-kinase phosphorylates 130 kDa regulatory and myosin binding subunits(M130, MYPT) of MP, which results in an inhibition of MP activity. In addition Rho-kinase can also directly phosphorylate MLC. In the present study, LC20 phosphorylation and MP subunits translocation to the cell membrane were investigated in freshly isolated ferret portal vein smooth muscle single cells treated with PGF2α. We also examined the effect of Y27632(10-5mol/L), Rho-kinase inhibitor, in the MP subunits localization to compare with butanol fraction of Fructus Crataegi in its effect. Butanol fraction of Fructus Crataegi(BFFC; 1㎎/㎖) was more effective in PGF2α induced contraction than those of phenylephrine in its vasodilation effect. It significantly(P<0.05) dephosphorylated the LC20 at time indicated. In addition, the dissociation of subunits are inhibited by BFCF treatment. The results indicate that, in the smooth muscle cells, the relaxation effect of BFFC is associated with increase of MP activity based on inhibition of dissociation of the catalytic and targeting subunits of the phosphatase, and thus decrease the sensitivity of LC20 phosphorylation for Ca/sup 2+/.