Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.18325/jkmr.2021.31.1.47

A Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts on Clostridium difficile  

Seong, Eunhak (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Lim, Sookyoung (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Lee, Myeongjong (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Kim, Hojun (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation / v.31, no.1, 2021 , pp. 47-57 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the possibility of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) treatment through natural herbal medicines. Methods After screening a total of 77 herbal medicines through the paper disc agar diffusion method, we selected the herbal medicines that showed a effectiveness compared to the positive control vancomycin. Afterwards, drugs that showed inhibitory effects compared to C. difficile without inhibition of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum, known as beneficial bacteria, were selected and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was confirmed by applying the Broth microdilution method. Results The Coptidis Rhizoma, well known for its antimicrobial effect, was found to have antimicrobial effects on C. difficile, but also had inhibitory effects on the beneficial bacterium B. bifidum. 30% ethanol extraction Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus had antimicrobial effects on C. difficile without inhibiting the beneficial bacteria B. bifidum and L. plantarum. The MIC values of 30% ethanol extraction Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus were found to be 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Crataegi fructus, Corni fructus and Mume fructus were identified as candidate medicines for C. difficile. Further researchs will need to be done in vivo, and to find an optimal extraction method accompanied by economic evaluation.
Keywords
Clostridioides difficile; Anti-Microbial Agent; Korean Traditional Medicine;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.koreantk.com/ktkp2014/prescription/prescription-view.view?preCd=P0019860.
2 Khanna S, Pardi DS. The growing incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection in inpatient and outpatient settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(4):409-16.   DOI
3 Weppner J, Gabet J, Linsenmeyer M, Yassin M, Galang G. Clostridium difficile infection reservoirs within an acute rehabilitation environment. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2020;100(1):44-7.
4 Abt MC, McKenney PT, Pamer EG. Clostridium difficile colitis: pathogenesis and host defence. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(10):609-20.   DOI
5 Hookman P, Barkin JS. Clostridium difficile associated infection, diarrhea and colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(13):1554.   DOI
6 Choi HY, Park SY, Kim YA, Yoon TY, Choi JM, Choe BK, Ahn SH, Yoon SJ, Lee YR, Oh IH. The epidemiology and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:510386.   DOI
7 Tanovic E, Tanovic H, Kadic A, Vrabac D, Selimovic S, Kostic D. The effect of the infection Clostridium difficile on the rehabilitation. J Health Sci. 2014;4(1):55-8.   DOI
8 Leffler DA, Lamont JT. Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1539-48.   DOI
9 Spigaglia P, Mastrantonio P, Barbanti F. Antibiotic resistances of Clostridium difficile. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1050:137-59.   DOI
10 Shin YJ, Lee BJ. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: where are we now and where are we heading? Korean J Gastroenterol. 2017;69(4):203-5.   DOI
11 Gao Y, Li H, Yang H, Su J, Huang L. The current novel therapeutic regimens for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the potentials of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of CDI. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2019;45(5-6): 729-42.   DOI
12 Ya-Nan G, Jun W, Hao-Jun Z, Hong-Bing J, Ping L, Xin-Zhu L. Traditional Chinese medicine QPYF as preventive treatment for Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in a mouse model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:3759819.
13 Aljarallah KM. Inhibition of Clostridium difficile by natural herbal extracts. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2016; 11(5):427-31.   DOI
14 Hammond EN, Donkor ES. Antibacterial effect of Manuka honey on Clostridium difficile. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6(1):188.   DOI
15 Shilling M, Matt L, Rubin E, Visitacion MP, Haller NA, Grey SF, Woolverton CJ. Antimicrobial effects of virgin coconut oil and its medium-chain fatty acids on Clostridium difficile. J Med Food. 2013;16(12):1079-85.   DOI
16 Finegold SM, Summanen PH, Corbett K, Downes J, Henning SM, Li Z. Pomegranate extract exhibits in vitro activity against Clostridium difficile. Nutrition. 2014; 30(10):1210-2.   DOI
17 Georgescu M, Ginghina O, Raita S, Tapaloaga D, Ilie L, Negrei C, Popa DE, Varlas V, Multescu R, Rosca AC, Mirica R, Georgescu D. Natural alternative remedies in the background of updated recommendations for the prophylactic and therapeutic approach of clostridium difficile infections. Farmacia. 2018;66:563-72.   DOI
18 Park UY, Chang DS, Cho HR. Screening of antimicrobial activity for medicinal herb extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 1992;21(1):91-6.
19 Lee IC, Kim MK. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory of mixed medicinal herb extract. Kor J Herbol. 2015;30(5):51-8.   DOI
20 Lee B-W, Shin D-H. Screening of natural antimicrobial plant extract on food spoilage microorganisms. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 1991;23(2):200-4.
21 Bartlett JG, Chang TW, Gurwith M, Gorbach SL, Onderdonk AB. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. N Engl J Med. 1978;298(10):531-4.   DOI
22 Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, Ananthakrishnan AN, Curry SR, Gilligan PH, McFarland LV, Mellow M, Zuckerbraun BS. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):478-98.   DOI
23 Kato N, Ou C-Y, Kato H, Bartley SL, Brown VK, Dowell VR, Ueno K. Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29(1):33-7.   DOI
24 Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock RE. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nat Protoc. 2008;3(2):163.   DOI
25 Starr J. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: diagnosis and treatment. Bmj. 2005;331(7515):498-501.   DOI
26 Rahman M, Sarker S. Antimicrobial natural products. Cambridge, MA:Academic Press. 2020.
27 Marciniak C, Chen D, Stein AC, Semik PE. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile colonization at admission to rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(8): 1086-90.   DOI
28 Huang JY, Lee SM, Mazmanian SK. The human commensal Bacteroides fragilis binds intestinal mucin. Anaerobe. 2011;17(4):137-41.   DOI
29 Wang Y, Guo Y, Chen H, Wei H, Wan C. Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and Bifidobacterium bifidum WBIN03 in relieving colitis by gut microbiota, immune, and anti-oxidative stress. Can J Microbiol. 2018;64(5):327-37.   DOI
30 Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(4):564-82.   DOI
31 Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. Information of herbal medicines [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.health.kr/researchInfo/herbalMedicine1_detail.asp?idx=346.
32 Lee JH, Stein BD. Antimicrobial activity of a combination of Mume fructus, Schizandrae fructus, and Coptidis rhizoma on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26, O111, and O157 and its effect on Shiga toxin releases. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011;8(5):643-6.   DOI
33 Yang Y, Ye X, Li X. Antimicrobial effect of four alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizome. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res. 2007;18(12):3013-4.   DOI
34 Wang J, Wang L, Lou G-H, Zeng H-R, Hu J, Huang Q-W, Peng W, Yang X-B. Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Pharm Biol. 2019; 57(1):193-225.   DOI
35 Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. Information of herbal medicines [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.health.kr/researchInfo/herbalMedicine1_detail.asp?idx=537.
36 Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. Information of herbal medicines [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.health.kr/researchInfo/herbalMedicine1_detail.asp?idx=473.
37 Mau J-L, Chen C-P, Hsieh P-C. Antimicrobial effect of extracts from Chinese chive, cinnamon, and corni fructus. J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49(1):183-8.   DOI
38 Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. Information of herbal medicines [Internet]. [cited 2020 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.health.kr/researchInfo/herbalMedicine1_detail.asp?idx=466.
39 Mitani T, Ota K, Inaba N, Kishida K, Koyama HA. Antimicrobial activity of the phenolic compounds of Prunus mume against Enterobacteria. Biol Pharm Bull. 2018;41(2):208-12.   DOI
40 Lin T-H, Huang S-H, Wu C-C, Liu H-H, Jinn T-R, Chen Y, Lin CT. Inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae growth and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis by Fructus mume. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/621701   DOI
41 Kim SY, Kim JH, Yu KY, Lee HS, Jeon IH, Kang HJ, Lee JN, Choi BM Jang SI. Synergic antimicrobial activity of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Salicylic Acid combination against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Physiol & Pathol Korean Med. 2014;28(4):390-5.
42 Kwon HA, Kwon Y-J, Kwon D-Y, Lee JH. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of a combination of Coptidis Rhizoma, Mume Fructus, and Schizandrae Fructus against Salmonella. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2008;127(1-2):180-3.   DOI
43 Jung SM, Choi SI, Park SM, Heo TR. Antimicrobial effect of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extracts against Clostridium difficile. Korean J Food Sci Technol. 2007; 39(5):564-8.