• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2009

This study was performed to quantitatively analyze free amino acids in the bean sprouts of three different merchants by the parts and the cooking methods in order to evaluate the nutritional and sensory values of bean sprouts. Three merchant bean sprouts were analyzed from total, cotyledon and hypocotyls. Aspartic acid was the most common acid isolated from bean sprouts from all three merchants and was found more in the hypocotyls than the cotyledon. On the other hand, arginine, the second most common amino acid, was found more in the cotyledon than the hypocotyls while valine, the third or fourth most common amino acid in total bean sprout, occurred in a greater amount in hypocotyls than in cotyledons. After cooking, was the most concentrated amino acid in the liquid portion of both boiled bean sprouts and bean sprout soup was glutamic acid. Total bean sprouts from merchant C showed significantly higher contents of the most abundant amino acids, such as aspartic acid, arginine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05). After cooking, bean sprouts from merchant B showed less of a decrease in amino acid content in the solid parts than the products from merchants A and C. In conclusion, aspartic acid was the major amino acid in bean sprouts, regardless of the source, but after cooking, glutamic acid became the most abundant amino acid in the liquid part. Additionally, the pattern of release of the amino acids from the solid beans to the liquid portion during cooking was different with each merchant.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2005

Whereas most of isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) can induce green mosaic systemic symptoms on zucchini squash, foliar symptoms of a pepper isolate of CMV (Pf-CMV)-infected zucchini squash revealed systemic chlorotic spots. To assess this biological property, infectious full-length cDNA clones of Pf-CMV were constructed using long-template RT-PCR. The complete nucleotide sequences of RNA2 and RNA3 of Pf-CMV were determined from the infectious fulllength cDNA clones, respectively. RNA 2 and RNA3 of Pf-CMV contain 3,070 nucleotides and 2,213 nucleotides, respectively. Overall sequence homology of two RNAs revealed high similarity (90%) between CMV strains, and 60% similarity to those of Tomato aspermy virus and Peanut stunt virus strains. By sequence analysis with known representative strains of CMV, Pf- CMV belongs to a typical member of CMV subgroup IA. The virus has high evolutionary relationship with Fny-CMV, but the pathology of Pf-CMV in zucchini squash was quite different from that of Fny-CMV. The pesudorecombinant virus, F1P2P3, induced chlorotic spot leaf symptom and timing of systemic symptom in squash plants, similar to the plants infected by Pf-CMV. No systemic symptoms were observed when Pf-CMVinoculated cotyledons were removed at 5 days postinoculation (dpi) while Fny-CMV showed systemic symptom at 2 dpi. These results suggest that the pepper isolate of CMV possesses unique pathological properties distinguishable to other isolates of CMVs in zucchini squash.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.49-57
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• 2003

There is much evidence suggesting that compounds present in soybean can prevent cancer in many different organ systems. Especially, soybean is one of the most important source of dietary saponins, which have been considered as possible anticarcinogens to inhibit tumor development and major active components contributing to the cholesterol-towering effect. Also they were reported to inhibit of the infectivity of the AIDS virus (HIV) and the Epstein-Barr virus. The biological activity of saponins depend on their specific chemical structures. Various types of triterpenoid saponins are present in soy-bean seeds. Among them, group B soyasaponis were found as the primary soyasaponins present in soybean, and th e 2, 3-dihydro-2, 5-dihydroxy-6- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one(DDMP)-conjugated soyasaponin $\alpha\textrm{g}$, $\beta\textrm{g}$, and $\beta$ a were the genuine group B saponins, which have health benefits. On the other hand, group A saponins are responsible for the undesirable bitter and astringent taste in soybean. The variation of saponin composition in soybean seeds is explained by different combinations of 9 alleles of 4 gene loci that control the utilization of soyasapogenol glycosides as substrates. The mode of inheritance of saponin types is explained by a combination of co-dominant, dominant and recessive acting genes. The funtion of theses genes is variety-specific and organ specific. Therefore distribution of various saponins types was different according to seed tissues. Soyasaponin $\beta\textrm{g}$ was detected in both parts whereas $\alpha\textrm{g}$ and $\beta$ a was detected only in hypocotyls and cotyledons, respectively. Soyasaponins ${\gamma}$g and $\gamma\textrm{g}$ were minor saponin constituents in soybean. In case group A saponins were mostly detected in hypocotyls. Also, the total soyasaponin contents varied among different soy-bean varieties and concentrations in the cultivated soy-beans were 2-fold lower than in the wild soybeans. But the contents of soyasaponin were not so influenced by environmental effects. The composition and concentration of soyasaponins were different among the soy products (soybean flour, soycurd, tempeh, soymilk, etc.) depending on the processing conditions.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Since somatic embryogenesis combined with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS) treatments is the most efficient technique for mutagenesis, the embryogenic capacity of four soybean cultivars was evaluated at different EMS concentrations, treatment times, and preculture durations. Two to 4 mm long immature cotyledons were placed in induction medium after EMS treatment, and the numbers of somatic embryos formed per explant were counted four weeks after culture initiation. We observed genotypic differences in the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos among four cultivars treated with different concentrations of EMS for six hours. Cultivars, Sinpaldalkong 2 and Jack, displayed highly efficient somatic embryogenesis regardless of EMS concentration, whereas very low efficiency or no survival was observed in Jinju 1 and Iksannamulkong cultivars. Preculture duration did not influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. Because Sinpaldalkong 2 exhibited the best somatic embryogenesis, much higher concentrations of EMS were used to test somatic embryo formation under different periods of time in this cultivar. Three and six hour treatments with both 1 and 2 mM EMS yielded higher embryo formation than longer periods of time. Increasing the time with embryos in 2 mM EMS caused a reduction in somatic embryogenesis in Sinpaldalkong 2, but many chlorophyll-deficient soybean variants were identified in the $M_1R_0$ and $M_2R_1$ generations. In addition to Jack, Sinpaldalkong 2 is a good genotype for plant regeneration from EMS-treated immature embryo cultures.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

Lotus comiculatus, Lotus renuis및 이들 상호 교잡종 활력평가를 위한 방법으로 자엽 면적 측정 방법을 개발하고 엽의 전개와 유식물 생장관계를 조사하였다. 자엽을 식물체에서 떼어내지 않고 부착된 상태로 간단하고 신속하게 연속적으로 자엽면적을 측정할 수 있었다. 자엽은 출현후 첫주에는 매우 빠른 속도로 신장되다가 그 이후에는 서서히 신장되어 약 3주경에 최대 명적에 달하였다. 출현 당시의 자엽면적은 종자 크기와 상관관계가 많았으나(P=0.05), 출현 이후의 자엽 신장솔은 다양하였다. 광합성을 할 수 있는 면적 발생의 신속성은 벌노랑이의 유식물 생장에 결정적인 요인이 되었다. 교잡종 중에서$2{\times}m2$와 $1{\times}m2$는 벌로랑이의 유식물 활력증진을 위한 육종 가능성을 시사하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

We immunized BALB/c mice with purified Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus isolate HY1 (CGMMV-HY1). Through the selection of positive clones that were grown on the HAT medium, four sensitive monoclonal clones (CG99-01, CG99-02, CG99-03, and CG99-04) were selected from 500 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase positive hybridoma cells. Four sensitive clones of CGMMV-HYI were determined as IgM type of the subclass of mouse immunoglobulins Ig group. The titer of monoclonal antiserum against CGMMVHY1 was estimated 1:12,800 by the indirect ELISA. Although monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from CG99-01 and from CG99-04 cross-reacted with Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus, MAb from the cell line CG99-03 was highly specific to CGMMV. No MAbs cross-reacted with Cucumber mosaic virus-Fny. Only CG99-04 reacted with Pepper mild mottle virus weakly and CG99-02 reacted with both CGMMV and KGMMV. CGMMV was detected from the rind of watermelon fruit by DAS-ELISA of CGMMV-HY1, but not from the flesh of watermelon. Average seed transmission rate of CGMMV in watermelon was $24\%$ from symptomatic watermelon collected from 5 regions of Gyeongnam province. CGMMV was detected by DAS-ELISA with specific MAb of CGMMVHY1 periodically from root stock, during the sequential process for nursery seedling in Haman. Necrotic spots on cotyledons of root stock seedling progressed to reveal the typical symptomatology on the primary leaves of scion upon grafting. Here, we have established MAb based ELISA system, which could accurately detect CGMMV from watermelon seeds, nursery seedlings, transplants and field samples from greenhouse or open out door field as well.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1996

An efficient system of somatic embryogenesis was established for the red pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Nokkwang) usign immature zygotic embryos. The size of the immature zygotic embryos and the concentrations of 2, 4-D and sucrose were found to be critical. Somatic embryos were induced via callus or directly from explants and regenerated into plantlets successfully. When zygotic embryos 1~2 mm long were cultured on the modified Murashige-Skoong (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D for 3 weeks in the dark, somatic embryos were induced directly from the apical region of zygotic embryos with the highest frequency being approximately 90%. To mature the somatic embryos, ABA and an ethylene inhibitor AgNO3 were used. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (25% in each) resulted at 2$\mu$M ABA or 20$\mu$M AgNO3 treatment at rates 3.7 and 1.6 times control, respectively. Shoots developed mainly from the cotyledonary node on CoCl2-containing medium, and from the upper side of cotyledon on medium containing AgNO3 while the embryos on the control medium produced shoots from both the cotyledonary node and the upper region of cotyledons both at frequencies of 50%. Indirect somatic embryogenesis via callus was induced at an efficiency of approximately 10% with zygotic embryos 3~4 mm long cultured on MS medium containing 5~10 mg/L, 2, 4-D for 5~7 weeks under a continuous light condition. The plants regenerated from the somatic embryos were morphologically normal. Using scanning electron microscopy, the direct and indirect somatic embryogeneses were observed to follow the globular, heart and torpedo stages, similar to zygotic embryogenesis. Also, suspensors appeared in the early globular and ovoid-shaped late globular embryos during indirect somatic embryogenesis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2004

두 품종 (청양재래, 명안)의 구기자나무 (Lycium chinense Mill.) 유식물체를 자엽하배축의 자엽 일부분만 남기고 절단 후, 절단면이 1.0 mg/L zeatin이 첨가된 MS배지에 접하도록 하여 암소에서 3주 배양한 후 명소로 옮겨 배양하였을 때 자엽하배축 절단면으로부터 부정아가 고빈도 (80% 이상)로 유도되었다. 그러나 자엽하배축절편을 암소에서 전 배양하지 않고, 명소에서만 배양 하였을 경우 부정아는 유도되지 않았다. 자엽하배축 절단면에서 유도된 부정아를 분리하여 1.0 mg/L IAA가 함유된 발근배지에서 4주간 배양하여 뿌리를 유도하였다. 잎과 뿌리가 잘 발달한 소식물체는 화분에 옮겨 키웠을 때 정상적인 형태의 재분화 식물체로 성장하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.152-155
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• 2003

야생의 안동대목은 종자의 크기 및 충실도에 많은 변이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 약용 및 박과접목묘의 대목용으로 이용되고 있는 안동대목 종자의 크기 및 성숙 정도가 발아, 유묘 출현 및 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 안동대목 종자의 발아율 및 유묘출현율은 미성숙 종자에 비하여 성숙 종자에서 높았다. 그러나 종자의 크기에 따른 발아율은 성숙 종자와 미성숙 종자 모두 대립종자에 비하여 중립 또는 소립종자에서 높았던 반면, 유묘출현율은 중립종자에서 가장 높고 대립종자에서 가장 낮았다. 종자 크기와 성숙 정도가 유묘 형태 및 생장에 미치는 영향으로는 하배축 길이를 제외한 초장, 본엽수, 자엽 및 본엽의 면적은 종자 크기가 클수록 길고 많았던 반면, 종자의 성숙 정도간에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 각 부위 및 전체 건물중은 미성숙 대립종자보다는 성숙 대립종자에서, 성숙 유무에 관계없이 종자의 크기가 클수록 많았다

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2001

완두 종자 발달의 이른 시기에 특징적으로 조면 소포체 내강에 단백질이 축적되는데 이 단백질에 대한 전자현미경적 면역세포 화학적 반응을 실시한 결과 legumin으로 확인되었다. 이 단백질은 소포체 내강에 점점 축적되고 소포체 끝이 부풀어서 단백과립으로 발달하였다. 완두의 단백과립 발달 과정은 3가지 유형이 확인 되었는데, 단백질 저장 액포의 분절에 의해서 형성된 제 1형 단백과립, 가장자리에 단백질이 축적된 단백질 저장 액포의 budding에 의해서 형성된 제 2 형 단백과립, 그리고 단백질 저장 소포체의 끝이 부풀어서 형성된 제 3형 단백과립으로 구분되었다. 제 3형 단백과립은 수정 후 $23\sim25$일 사이의 짧은 기간에 급격하게 발달되어 자엽세포를 가득차게 만드는 것으로 확인 되었으며, 이러한 유형은 지금까지 알려지지 않은 새로운 단백과립 발달과정으로 생각된다.