• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2002

Learners and users of a second language have to resort to a variety of conversational strategies or structures to enable them to communicate effectively and competently. Factors affecting effective communication among English as a second or English as foreign language (ESL/EFL) learners are diverse in nature because of different socio-cultural backgrounds. Gambits as a conversational strategy are used to a large extent and teachers must be made aware of such conversational strategies used by English as second or foreign language learners. Thus, studies focusing on conversational strategies among ESL/EFL learners in the English language classroom are important in order to identify the types of conversational strategies used and to help teachers to understand the appropriate conversational strategies and structures. Such understanding can be used to guide learners to use correct conversational strategies when communicating in English. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the use of gambits as a communication strategy in conversation among non-native speakers of English in an English as a second language(ESL) context based on Kellers conversational strategy signals. (175 words)

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 온라인 대화에서 대화자간 대화 메시지의 응답 관계를 효율적으로 프레젠테 이션하는 트리 기반 대화 인터페이스를 제안한다. 기존의 대화 인터페이스는 대화 인터페이스의 단순성과 대화 메시지 자료 구조의 제약으로 인하여 그룹 토의나 의사 결정과 같은 형식적인 대화를 지원하기 어려우며, 트리 기반 대화 인터페이스는 형식적인 대화의 지원은 가능하나 응답 관계에 의한 대화창의 이동 및 응답간의 거리에 의하여 대화 메시지의 프레젠테이션 등이 어렵다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 텍스트 기반 대화 인터페이스의 장점과 XML 기반 메시지를 이용하여 대화에서 응답 관계 프레젠테이션을 효율적으로 지원하는 트리 기반 대화 인터페이스를 기술한다. 제안한 대화 인터페이스의 구현은 XML, DOM, JDK를 이용하여 클라이언트/서버 구조의 대화 시스템에 적용한 예를 보였으며, 응용 분야는 협업, 원격 교육, 온라인 게임 등이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conversational function and question type in mothers' utterances and their infant's language development. The subjects were 20 infants from 1;07 to 1;11 years of age in Yanji, China. Each child's spontaneous natural speech during interaction with his/her mother was videotaped for about 30 minutes. The children and their mother's spontaneous utterances were transcribed and coded for the number of type and token of word, grammatical morpheme conversational function and type of question in mother's language input to her child. The result showed that mothers used questions as the most frequent conversational function with their infants. The number of questions in conversational function in mothers' utterances positively correlated with the type of word, type of morpheme and grammatical morpheme in infants' utterance. However, there was no correlation between mothers' language input and infant early language development.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in conversational styles of students. This research based on Quantitative survey and qualitative observation. The quantitative data were collected by questionnaire from 708 respondents who were college students and resided in Sunchon. Statistical methods for the data analysis were frequencies, t-test. The cases of observation were 21. As a result, gender differences were founded in lots of conversational styles. Women showed more tendencies than men In communi-cations to listen, to make relationships, to take care of others, to express intimacy and to make private conversation. Men tended to dominate others, to show off capacities and to make public conversation. This gender differences in conversational styles were related to sex role and major studies. From this results it was proposed that education on gender differences in conversational styles should be developed for students to improve their communication skills and to adapt their changing sex role.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 고품질 모바일 VoIP 음성통신에 대한 객관적인 QoS를 제공하는 대화음질 측정시스템을 구현하였다. 대화음질 측정을 위해서 VoIP로 연결된 두 대의 스마트폰에 에코 및 잡음 제거, 음성 인코딩 및 디코딩, RTP (Real-TimeProtocol)을 적용한 패킷 생성, 지터버퍼 콘트롤, LC (Loss Concealment)를 포함한 POS (Play-out Schedule)로 구성된 VoIP음성 통화시스템을 구현하였다. 대화음질 측정 시스템은 VoIP로 연결된 두 스마트폰의 마이크, 그리고 스피커와 연결되어 각 화자별로 음성신호를 녹음한 후에, 녹음된 음성신호를 이용하여 CE (Conversational Efficiency), CS (Conversational Symmetry) 및 PESQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality)를 측정하고, CE-CS-PESQ에 대한 상관관계를 측정한다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 SNR, IP 네트워크망 변동에 따른 지연, 손실 변화에 따른 CE, CS, PESQ를 측정하여 대화음질 측정시스템을 검증하였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.77-101
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• 2006

The present study examines various pedagogical functions of conversational repair strategies employed by the teacher in the ESL classroom. As part of interactional resources, conversational repair is defined as the treatment of trouble occurring in interactive language use and is originally designed to deal with communication problems. Research on conversational repair has focused on ordinary conversation and organization of repair practices. Studies on more pedagogical functions of repair sequences initiated by the teacher are very few. The data were from five hours of ESL structure classes in an intensive English institute at a large U.S. university. They were closely transcribed and microanalyzed following the conversation-analytic methodology. The analysis found that ESL teachers' repair techniques not only resolve communication problems but they are also designed to serve several important instructional purposes of teaching the target language. They include creating opportunities of comprehensible input, inducing modified comprehensible output from students, guiding and controlling student output, and initiating corrections by initiating repair.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.599-605
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• 2014

This paper presents the interactive behavior modeling method based on POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process) for HRI (Human-Robot Interaction). HRI seems similar to conversational interaction in point of interaction between human and a robot. The POMDP has been popularly used in conversational interaction system. The POMDP can efficiently handle uncertainty of observable variables in conversational interaction system. In this paper, the input variables of the proposed conversational HRI system in POMDP are the input information of sensors and the log of used service. The output variables of system are the name of robot behaviors. The robot behavior presents the motion occurred from LED, LCD, Motor, sound. The suggested conversational POMDP-based HRI system was applied to an emotional robot KIBOT. In the result of human-KIBOT interaction, this system shows the flexible robot behavior in real world.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.211-229
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• 2022

In this study, we aimed to define the effects of anthropomorphism and conversational relevance of chatbots on user experience. In specific, the chatbot designed for this study was an online shopping assistant that recommends items for consumers. Levels of anthropomorphism was manipulated by the name, profile picture, word choices, and emojis, while conversational relevance was adjusted by the depth and accuracy of the recommendation. Three categories of user experience were measured: psychological distance, usability, and purchase intentions. The results implied a significant main effect of conversational relevance on all variables for the high anthropomorphized conditions, while all but psychological distance was significant for low anthropomorphized conditions. Although there was no significant main effect of anthropomorphism observed for the variables, the main effect of anthropomorphism on responsibility was marginally significant for a specific item. The results of this study may function as a guidance for future studies regarding usage of chatbots within a marketing setting.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2004

대화형 에이전트는 언어를 이용하여 사용자에게 적절한 정보를 제공하고 대화의 문맥을 유지하는 시스템이다. 대화형 에이전트를 더욱 현실적으로 만들기 위해서는 사용자 질의에 대한 분석과 모델링 과정이 필수적이며, 베이지안 네트워크가 이를 위한 대표적인 방법 중 하나이다. 보통 대상영역을 위한 네트워크는 매우 복잡하고 이해하기가 어렵기 때문에 네트워크를 구성하는 변수들을 분리함으로써 대화형 에이전트를 보다 쉽게 설계할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 대화형 에이전트의 질의 분석모듈을 2단계 베이지안 네트워크로 구성하여, 설계를 보다 용이하게 하였고 문형을 고려한 세부적인 질의분석을 가능하도록 하였다. 웹 페이지를 소개하는 에이전트에 적용하여 제안한 대화형 에이전트 구조의 유용성을 보였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.565-576
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• 2022

대화형 에이전트의 사용 범위와 기능이 점차 확장되고 있다. 특히나, 사용자의 호출이 있어야만 말을 하는 대화형 에이전트에서 사용자의 호출 없이도 먼저 말을 걸 수 있는 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트에 대한 연구와 기술개발이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 아직 초기 단계이기 때문에 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트가 사용자에게 어떠한 영향을 미칠지에 대한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 이에 이 연구는 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트가 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 사용자의 과제 수행 조건과 에이전트의 자기노출 유무를 독립변인으로 하는 2×3 혼합 설계를 통해 친밀감, 기능적 만족감, 심리적 저항감, 작업 부하를 측정하였다.