DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Preceded Utterance Conversational Agent's Effect on User Experience with User's Task Performance and Conversational Agent's Self-Disclosure

선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트가 사용자 경험에 미치는영향: 사용자 과제 수행과 대화형 에이전트의 자기노출을 중심으로

  • 신효림 (연세대학교 정보대학원 UX전공) ;
  • 이소연 (연세대학교 정보대학원 UX전공) ;
  • 강현민 (연세대학교 정보대학원)
  • Received : 2021.12.31
  • Accepted : 2022.01.08
  • Published : 2022.01.31

Abstract

The scope and functions of a conversational agent are gradually expanding. In particular, research and technology development is being conducted on a conversational agent that can speak first without user calls. However, still in its early stages, there is a lack of research on how a preceded utterance conversational agent will affect users. Accordingly, this study conducted a 2×3 mixed design using the user's task performance condition and the agent's self-exposure as independent variables and measured Intimacy, Functional Satisfaction, Psychological Reactance, and Workload as dependent variables to identify the effects of preceded utterance conversational agent on user experience.

대화형 에이전트의 사용 범위와 기능이 점차 확장되고 있다. 특히나, 사용자의 호출이 있어야만 말을 하는 대화형 에이전트에서 사용자의 호출 없이도 먼저 말을 걸 수 있는 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트에 대한 연구와 기술개발이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 아직 초기 단계이기 때문에 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트가 사용자에게 어떠한 영향을 미칠지에 대한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 이에 이 연구는 선제 발화하는 대화형 에이전트가 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 사용자의 과제 수행 조건과 에이전트의 자기노출 유무를 독립변인으로 하는 2×3 혼합 설계를 통해 친밀감, 기능적 만족감, 심리적 저항감, 작업 부하를 측정하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. H. J. Yang, "Beyond the speaker into the platform... Voice recognition "AI secretary" is running endlessly," Kookmin Ilbo, 2021. Available : http//m.kmib.co.kr/view.asp?arcid=0016470570
  2. C. E. Rhee, and J. H. Choi, "Effects of personalization and social role in voice shopping: an experimental study on product recommendation by a conversational voice agent," Computers in Human Behavior, 109, 106359, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106359
  3. Brandon Vigliarolo, "Google Home: Cheat sheet," Tech Republic, 2019. Available :https://www.techrepublic.com/article/google-home-the-smart-persons-guide/
  4. Ben F. Rubin and Ry Crist, "What Amazon's Alexa will tell us in 2019," CNET, 2019. Available : https://www.cnet.com/news/what-amazon-alexawill-tell-us-in-2019/
  5. NUGU service manual. Available : https://www.nugu.co.kr/static/service/service01-10-01.html
  6. Consumer Insight, "AI speaker, user↑, satisfaction ↓...The paradox of 'Can't Talk'," 2021. Available : https://www.consumerinsight.co.kr/voc_view.aspx?no=3170&id=ins02_list
  7. N. R. Cha, A. Kim, C. Y. Park, S. W. Kang, M. G. Park, J. G. Lee, S. S. Lee, and U. C. Lee, "Hello there! is now a good time to talk? Opportune moments for proactive interactions with smart speakers," Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 1-28, 2020.
  8. Y. S. Kang, G. W. Na, and J. H. Choi, "The Effect of Preceding Utterance on the User Experience in the Voice Agent Interactions - Focus on the Conversational Types in the Smart Home Context -," The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (JCCT) Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.620-631, February 28, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2021.7.1.620
  9. H. N. AN, "Amazon, Developing artificial intelligence that speaks to people first," Asia Economy, 2017. Available : http://view.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2017031307425807907
  10. J. Y. Yum, I. H. Choi, and S. H. Jeong, "Which Combination of Media Multitasking is Used Frequently by Whom?: The Effects of Sensory Interference and the Moderating Role of Gender and Age," The Korean Journal of Advertising, Vol.30. No.2, pp. 7-28. 2019.
  11. Mayer, R. E. and Moreno, R., "Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning," Educational psychologist. Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 43-52, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6
  12. Smith, R. E., and Buchholz, L. M., "Multiple resource theory and consumer processing of broadcast advertisements: An involvement perspective," Journal of Advertising, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 1-7, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1991.10673343
  13. Wickens, C. D., "Multiple resources and mental workload," Human factors, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 449-455, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008X288394
  14. Wickens, C. D., "Multiple resources and performance prediction," Theoretical issues in ergonomics science, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 159-177, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220210123806
  15. Y. J. Song, and S. J. Marina Choi, "The Effects of Chatbots' Anthropomorphism and Self-disclosure on Consumers' Perceptions of and Attitude toward the Chatbots," Journal of the HCI Society of Korea, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 17-28, March 2020. https://doi.org/10.17210/jhsk.2020.03.15.1.17
  16. J. Y. Park, "Effects of Self-disclosing Agents," Journal of the HCI Society of Korea, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 35-42, 2006. https://doi.org/10.17210/jhsk.2006.11.1.2.35
  17. J. S. Park, J. M. Yoon, Y. H. Huang, Y. Y. Kang, H. J. Ko, B. R. Kim, S. J. Hong, G. H. Kim, and J. W. Kim, "A Design Strategy of Interactive Agent for the Elderly : Field Research for Searching Design Element Based on Self-Determination Theory," Journal of Digital Contents Society, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 891-905, May 2019. https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2019.20.5.891
  18. Y. K. Kim, "The Study for Self-disclosure Speech aspects and types of Cyber-communicator -Focused on analysis of generational FGI and CMC expressions-," Journal of Speech Communication (JSC), No. 27, pp. 07-36, 2015.
  19. Seidman, G., "Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: How personality influences social media use and motivations," Personality and individual differences, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 402-407, February 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.009
  20. E. J. Hong, K. S. Cho, and J. H. Choi, "Effects of Anthropomorphic Conversational Interface for Smart Home : An Experimental Study on the Voice and Chatting Interactions," Journal of the HCI Society of Korea, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 15-23, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17210/jhsk.2017.02.12.1.15
  21. E. J. Lee, J. M. Lee and Y. J. Sung, "Effects of User's Characteristics and Perceived Value on VPA Satisfaction," Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 31-53, 2019. https://doi.org/10.21074/kjlcap.2019.20.1.31
  22. Hart, S. G., and Staveland, L. E., "Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research," Advances in Psychology, Vol. 52, pp.139-183, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
  23. S. B. Park and H. S. Hwang, "A Study on Online Self-disclosure, Online Intimacy and Sense of Co-location Via Instant Messaging," Korean Society For Journalism And Communication Studies, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 469-494, December 2007.
  24. Brehm, J. W. "A theory of psychological reactance," New York: Academic Press, 1966.
  25. Ehrenbrink, P., "The Role of Psychological Reactance in Human-computer Interaction," Springer, 2020.
  26. Colligan, L., Potts, H. W., Finn, C. T., and Sinkin, R. A., "Cognitive workload changes for nurses transitioning from a legacy system with paper documentation to a commercial electronic health record," International journal of medical informatics, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 469-476, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.03.003