• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Developments and changes in digital environment based on computer technologies and internet networks enabled us interactive communication for planning and execution through the freedom of 'connection', 'sharing', and 'conversion'. The subject of this study, interactive commercial, might be the core of success based on creation which stems from communication design, revolution in design and technology, and conversion. Communication in modern economy is not optional, but essential. Furthermore, like evolution process up to Augmented Reality from developments of mobile communication technology, or concept in paradigm change, digital interactive commercial means the core of success, not a part of it. Therefore, in order to achieve success in the global competition structure, mobile communication design, revolution, and creation which produce added value shall be working as a base. In order to reach effective communication process performance of interactive commercial media, this study would like to propose building a media commercial system which is realized by human senses. Using this, standardized methods for interactive commercial which can be used together with augmented reality based on digital technology, and for using digital robot contents are available, along with methodology system of their use. In addition, the ultimate goal of this study aims to discover new factors through reorganization of precedent analysis and adaptation based on academic achievement and practical application. And thus, it wants to contribute to practical use of interactive commercial out of augmented reality-based communication in which technology, marketing, and design are integrated to be used in real sense.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2014

Genomes contain a large number of unique genes which have not been found in other species. Although the origin of such "orphan" genes remains unclear, they are thought to be involved in species-specific adaptive processes. Here, we analyzed seven orphan genes (MoSPC1 to MoSPC7) prioritized based on in planta expressed sequence tag data in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR confirmed the expression of four genes (MoSPC1, MoSPC2, MoSPC3 and MoSPC7) during plant infection. However, individual deletion mutants of these four genes did not differ from the wild-type strain for all phenotypes examined, including pathogenicity. The length, GC contents, codon adaptation index and expression during mycelial growth of the four genes suggest that these genes formed during the evolutionary history of M. oryzae. Synteny analyses using closely related fungal species corroborated the notion that these genes evolved de novo in the M. oryzae genome. In this report, we discuss our inability to detect phenotypic changes in the four deletion mutants. Based on these results, the four orphan genes may be products of de novo gene birth processes, and their adaptive potential is in the course of being tested for retention or extinction through natural selection.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the effects of organic reserves on winter survial or regrowth yield. Forage rape(Brassica napus L.) was sown on Sep. 1, 1994. Experimental plots were divided into three replicates under 6 different cutting dates(l0 days interval from Oct. 15 to Dec. 4). Field-grown palnts were sampled on the each cutting date and on the wintering period (Jan. 16) to analyze the nitrogen and non-structural cahohydrate reserves. The rate of winter survival and regrowth yield were also measured in the spring of next year. On the before wintering, dry matter yields were 152, 274, 500, 718, 776 and 981 kg/lOa, respectively, from the cutting date on Oct. 15, Oct. 25, Nov. 4, Nov. 14, Nov. 24, and Dec. 4. Cmde protein yield significantly increased as cutting date was later until Nov. 14, thereafter a significant increase did not occured. Nitrogen and starch contents per plant significnatly increased as the cutting date was later. The increasing rate of starch was greatly higher than that of nitrogen. On the wintering period, nitrogen reserves in mts were 85.3, 68.8, 47.6, 28.3, 44.3, and 55.3 mglplant, and starch reserve were 11 1.3, 75.3, 39.3, 19.6, 26.4 and 34.6 mglplant, respectively, in the plots cut on Oct. 15, Oct. 25, Nov. 4, Nov. 14, Nov. 24, and Dec. 4. It showed that carbohydrate reserves were much highly utilized than nitrogen reserves during wintering period. The rates of winter survival were 91, 83, 46, 22, 35 and 43% and regrowth yields were 692, 545, 316, 84, 127 and 140 kgD.M/lOa, respectively, in each plots. The highly significant correlation (p<0.01) between the level of organic reserves and the rate of winter survival or regrowth yield were obtained.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Changes in nutritional status during gestation and lactation have detrimental effects on offspring metabolism. Several animal studies have shown that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) can predispose the offspring to development of obesity and metabolic diseases, however the mechanisms underlying these transgenerational effects are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the effect of maternal HFD consumption on metabolic phenotype and hepatic expression of involved genes in dams to determine whether any of these parameters were associated with the metabolic outcomes in the offspring. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD: 10% calories from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD: 45% calories from fat) for three weeks before mating, and during pregnancy and lactation. Dams and their male offspring were studied at weaning. RESULTS: Dams fed an HFD had significantly higher body and adipose tissue weights and higher serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels than dams fed an LFD. Hepatic lipid levels and mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including $LXR{\alpha}$, SREBP-2, FXR, LDLR, and ABCG8 were significantly changed by maternal HFD intake. Significantly lower total liver DNA and protein contents were observed in dams fed an HFD, implicating the disturbed liver adaptation in the pregnancy-related metabolic demand. HFD feeding also induced significant oxidative stress in serum and liver of dams. Offspring of dams fed an HFD had significantly higher serum cholesterol levels, which were negatively correlated with liver weights of dams and positively correlated with hepatic lipid peroxide levels in dams. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HFD consumption induced metabolic dysfunction, including altered liver growth and oxidative stress in dams, which may contribute to the disturbed cholesterol homeostasis in the early life of male mice offspring.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an important public health problem as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have become epidemic. In this study we investigated the protective effect of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) against NAFLD in an obese mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four-week-old male ob/ob mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 1% C. militaris water extract for 10 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. Hepatic levels of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide were determined. RESULTS: Consumption of C. militaris significantly decreased serum glucose, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), in ob/ob mice. In addition to lowering serum FFA levels, C. militaris also significantly decreased hepatic total lipids and triglyceride contents. Serum ALT activities and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were reduced by C. militaris. Consumption of C. militaris increased hepatic GSH and reduced lipid peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that C. militaris can exert protective effects against development of NAFLD, partly by reducing inflammatory cytokines and improving hepatic antioxidant status in ob/ob mice.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.24-36
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• 2008

최근 많은 산업에서 아키텍처 기반경쟁이 중요한 화두로 대두되고 있다. 많은 기업이 저원가와 개발기간 단축, 대량고객화를 동시에 추구하게 됨에 따라 제품과 프로세스의 모듈화 경향은 불가피한 선택으로 보인다. 그러나 기존연구는 지금까지 아키텍처 기반경쟁의 기본적 내용만 주로 다뤄왔다. 어떤 산업의 지배적 아키텍처는 서로 다른 경쟁환경과 소속기업의 기술역량에 따라 결정된다. 이 논문에서는 아키텍처 기반경쟁의 복잡한 상호적응과정을 다루는 새로운 이론적 분석틀을 제시한다. 먼저 중국의 상용차 부문에서 나타나고 있는 모듈화 경향을 분석하고, 이를 한국 기업의 아키텍처 전략과 비교한다. 이러한 탐색적 사례연구를 기초로 우리는 시장 수요의 특성, 주요 경쟁자의 기술역량, 지배적 아키텍처를 연결하는 새로운 가설을 제시한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2017

본 연구는 영화 '수상한 그녀'에서 노령화에 대한 애도의 과정을 융 복합적으로 분석하였다. 영화의 내용을 반복적으로 탐색하면서 주인공이 노화과정에서 나타난 노년의 상실감을 애도의 과정으로 해석하면서 정신분석학적으로 탐색하였다. 즉 노화 과정을 인생의 재해석 과정과 향후 삶에 대한 발달적 태도 변화를 애도의 심리세계로 정신분석학적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과의 애도과정은 '상실과 결핍' ${\rightarrow}$ '도피와 퇴행' ${\rightarrow}$ '탈동일시와 탈집중' ${\rightarrow}$ '새로운 현실 적응'으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과에 의하여 상담자는 내담자의 애도작업이 원만하게 이루어지도록 심리적 애도환경 조성에 주력해야 할 뿐 아니라, 내담자의 애도능력 향상을 위한 복합적 상담기법을 구사할 수 있어야 함을 제언하였다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2003

The purpose of these study was to analyze the contents and trend of researches done on oncology nursing in the past five years in Korea and to suggest its direction for the future research. Methods: 214 nursing studies published from 1998 to 2003 were selected for the analysis. They were examined for the source, design of study, type of subjects, the intervention outcomes of experimental research, the key words and theme of the oncology research. Results: 1. 139(64.9%) of 214 studies were masters thesis and doctoral dissertations. There were 196(91.6%) quantitative researches and 18 qualitative researches. Quantitative research consisted of 28(14.3%) experimental and 168(85.7%) non- experimental studies. Among non-experimental studies, there were 53 correlations, 78 descriptives, 14 comparatives and 23 methodological studies. 2.The main subjects of the study were cancer patients in general(43.7%) and breast cancer patients (18.3%). According to the treatment types, patients receiving chemotherapy were the highest number distribution as 23 of all researches. 3. Social support, fatigue, stress, hope, and quality of life were the most frequently used concepts in correlational studies.4. Education, providing information, oral care, exercise, relaxation and foot massage were the most frequent nursing interventions. Most frequently measured outcomes variable were self-care, pain control, nausea & vomiting, oral discomfort and anxiety. 5. Key words used most frequently were quality of life, educational need, pain controls and fatigue. 6. The themes of qualitative researches were illness experience, family experience and adaptation process. More than 50% of qualitative researches used phenomenologic method. Conclusion: Researches on cancer nursing in Korea have been increased. Descriptive design is being dominant and few experimental studies are being done For the future, it is necessary to conduct international studies to compare, replicate and to establish the effective nursing interventions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

Purpose: Blow-out fractures can be reduced using various methods. The orbital reconstruction technique using a balloon under endoscopic control has advantages over other methods. However, this method has some problems too, such as postoperative follow-up, management of the balloon catheter, and reduction of the posterior orbital floor. Thus, we developed a simple, effective method for orbital floor reduction that involves molding and shaping the antral balloon catheter. Methods: A 0, 30, or $70^{\circ}$, 4-mm endoscope was placed though a two-point, 5-mm maxillary antrostomy. The balloon catheter is placed directly at the orbital apex to reconstruct the anterior shelf (spherical shape), while it is turned in a U-shape towards the anterior maxilla for the posterior shelf (elliptical shape). Orbital floor defects, compound or comminuted fractures are reconstructed with alloplastic materials through an open lid incision under the endoscopic control. Results: This technique was applied to ten patients with orbital floor fractures: five anterior shelf and five posterior shelf fracture, respectively. Four of the patients had zygomatico-orbital fractures, while the rest had isolated orbital floor fractures. Two patients were given porous polyethylene implants Synpor$^{(R)}$) and three underwent reconstruction with a resorbable mesh plate. No complication associated with this technique was identified. Conclusion: The freestyle placement and selection of a urinary balloon catheter under endoscopic control and the preoperative estimation of the volume enhanced the stabilization of the orbital contour. This method improves the adaptation of the orbital floor without the risk of injuring the surrounding orbital contents, dissecting blindly, or using sharp traction. One drawback of this method is the patient's discomfort from the catheter during treatment.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.455-462
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• 1998

A survey was conducted on the inorganic and organic solute patterns of plants in connection with nitrate metabolism according to different light regimes (1.9, 16.0, 91.5 $Wm^{-2}$). Besides measuring in vivo NRA, we also quantitatively analyzed ater-soluble inorganic ions, organic acids, low molecular weight carbohydrates, amino aciss and total N (% DW). Among 4 Carex species, C. pilosa is known as shade-adapted species and the others as half (C. gracilis) to full (C. rostrata & C. distans) light-adapted species. Compared to species adapted to high light intensity, shade-adapted C. pilosa showed reduced productivity under the highest light intensity. In general, nitrate and amino acid levels decreased at higher light intensity, while sugar and organic acid concentrations increased. In C. pilosa osmolality tended to rise with increasing light intensity, while in the other species it tended to fall. Under low light intensity, the drop in soluble carbohydrate contents is osmotically compensated for by an enhanced nitrate concentration. It is concluded that competition between nitrate and $CO_2$reduction for reductants and ATP from photosynthesis may have important ecological consequences for the adaptation of plants to low or high light conditions. Additionally, the patterns of ionic changes due to increased light intensities were essentially the same in all selected species, indicating similar characteristics of heir mineral ion and organic acid metabolism as well as in field-grown Carex species.