• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.3 s.119
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• pp.197-204
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• 2007

Busan Port has been facing critical situation in terms of container handling volume, especially growth rate of transshipment(T/S) container of the year of 2006 was at a standstill. Annual average growth rate of T/S container during the period of 2003 to 2006 slowed down to 7.7% while it recorded over 34% to the period of 1999 to 2002. It has mainly resulted from the change of circumstance of Northeast Asian ports, that is, firstly mega carriers' increasing direct call to Northern Chinese ports such as Qingdao, Tianjin and Dairen effected to T/S container volume of Busan port, secondly start to operate deep-water port of Shanghai, thirdly Japanese super hub port project to handle their local containers at domestic ports. This paper aims to analyze the T/S type of inter-routes and hub and spoke and statistical status of Busan port. The purpose of the paper is to propose new concept which is to attract T/S container utilizing hub port function of Busan port in Northeast Asia It is that mega carriers are given dedicated terminals to use Busan port as T/S base in the region.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the technical efficiency of major container ports in the Bay of Bengal area and to study how certain factors influence the efficiency of container ports and terminals. The research is conducted on the four main container ports in the Bay of Bengal area, namely, Colombo Port in Sri Lanka, Chennai Port in India, Chittagong Port in Bangladesh, and Yangon Port in Myanmar. There are three input variables (quay length, storage area, and the number of cranes) and two output variables (throughput twenty-foot equivalent units and vessel calls) chosen for the process in this study. This paper evaluates the efficiency score of the defined variables and suggests implications for further improvement of the core competitiveness of the four selected ports. The findings indicate that Colombo Port is the most efficient on a technical scale, followed by Chennai Port, Yangon Port, and Chittagong Port. However, the slack and radial movement calculation results show that the inputs and outputs of the four ports need to be adjusted to be efficient and to reduce the amount of resources that are wasted. The results validate the adaptability of the improved data envelopment analysis algorithm in port efficiency analysis. The research findings provide an overview of the efficiencies of the selected container ports and can potentially affect the port management decisions made by policymakers, terminal operators, and carriers.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

This paper proposes quay crane (QC) scheduling algorithms that determine the working sequence of QCs over ship bays in a container vessel in automated container terminals. We propose two scheduling algorithms that examine the distribution of export containers in the stacking yard and determine the sequence of ship bays to balance the workload distribution among the yard blocks. One of the algorithms is a simple heuristic algorithm which dynamically selects the next ship bay based on the entropy of workloads among yard blocks whenever a QC finishes loading containers at a ship bay and the other uses genetic algorithm to search the optimal sequence of ship bays. To evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the genetic algorithm, we have devised a method that is able to calculate an approximation of loading time of container vessels considering the workloads among yard blocks. Simulation experiments have been carried out to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The results show that our QC scheduling algorithms are efficient in reducing the turn-around time of container vessels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of cyber security at the Busan Port container terminal and derive strengthening factors through exploratory research. In recent years, the maritime industry has actively adopted Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, resulting in changes in the form of ports, such as automated and smart terminals. While these changes have brought positive improvements in port efficiency, they have also increased the potential for cyber security incidents and threats, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to terminal operations disruption. Especially in the case of ports, cyber security threats can have not only local effects within the port but also physical damage and implications for national security. However, despite the growing cyber security threats within ports, research related to domestic port cyber security remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors for enhancing cyber security in ports and derive future enhancement strategies. The study conducted an analysis focusing on the Busan Port container terminal, which is one of the leading ports in South Korea actively adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, and conducted a survey of stakeholders in the Busan Port container terminal. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was used to derive strengthening factors. This study holds significance in providing directions for enhancing cyber security in domestic container ports in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Most q the domestic container terminals are inferior to throughput q container. The reason why they have the difference between the handling capacity q planed quay and its real. By putting into quay handling equipment, the productivity of quay can be improved, waiting rate q the ship can be lowed. This paper suggests more resonable terminal construction, throughout comparing with previous construction way, improved handling capacity and the economical efficiency of equipment costs, labor costs, construction costs, operation costs on change of terminal size by adding the equipment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.457-464
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• 2006

Remarshalling operation is one of the operations considered important in an automated container terminal to perform quickly loading operations and delivery operations. It arranges the containers scattered at a verticla yard block in order to reduce the transfer time and the rehandling time of ATC(Automated Transfer Crane)s. This paper deals with the remarshalling planning problem minimizing the weighted operation time. This problem can be decomposed into 2 subproblems, storage space assignment problem and operation sequencing problem Storage space assignment problem decides to where containers are transported in terms of transportation time cost.. With results of a previous subproblem, operation sequence problem determines the ATC operation sequence, which minimizes the dead-heading of ATC This study formulates each subproblem with mixed integer program and dynamic program. To illustrate the proposed model, we propose an instance to explain the process of remarshalling planning.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.499-508
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• 2006

Many changes lie ahead for Korea both domestically and internationally including opening of Busan New Port, more active Gwangyang Port as well as rapid growth of Shanghai Port and enhanced services and productivity at Shenzen Port. Compared to newer ports, container terminals in Busan Port possesses old equipment and facilities. Therefore, in order for Busan Port to maintain its service level and remain competitive, it needs to undergo remodeling to enhance productivity. Remodeling activities should be implemented on a continual basis by developing and applying new technologies such as those for gate system, berth system, yard system, and IT system In order to review the alternatives, we performed questionnaire survey and interview. From the result of analysis, we designed the application plan based on priority in remodeling, period of technology application, and direction for application.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Recently, container terminal operators have made efforts to develop an efficient remarshalling plan in response to the increase in automation of equipment handling and transport of containers in the terminals. Usually, containers are handled by multiple AYCs(automated yard cranes) in-yard in an automated container terminal, and terminal operators establish a remarshalling plan using slack time to increase the efficiency of ship operation. This study develops the optimal mathematical model through mixed integer programming as a solution to the problem of dispatching multiple AYCs. Considering the difficulty of direct application to the field due to computation time, we analyze the five prototypical dispatching rules for real world adaptation. A numerical experiment found that the maximum weight ratio (MR) rule and the maximum weight (MW) rule are the ideal dispatching solutions to the multiple AYCs dispatching problem.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2013

Logistics service is one of the most frequently addressed competitive edges exercised by container terminals that face fierce competition. Many of researches have tried to assess the logistics service quality and attempted to propose the strategic ways to manage it. However, it has been known that quality is a multi-dimensional construct and not all quality attributes are viewed as equally important to customers. Each quality attribute has different implications for customer satisfaction. Timko (1993) has developed customer satisfaction (CS) coefficient based on Kano model. The CS coefficient is indicative of how strongly a service quality may influence customer satisfaction. This study attempted to identify the satisfying/dissatisfying quality factors using Kano model and CS coefficient. In so doing, several satisfying and dissatisfying quality attributes in logistics service quality were identified.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2010

As container traffic is increasing, the introduction of mega-vessel has had a significant impact on the ports and terminals business. This movement of container shipping has led to intensely competitive environment among ports, so substantial pressures to develop new container ports or to expand existing ones, have been grown. However, it requires a huge investment, especially cost and time, to overcome environmental, geographical and financial restrictions generated from developing a port. This study addressed the Mobile Harbor, the new concept of marine logistics system as an alternative strategy. We performed an economic analysis on the introduction of the Mobile Harbor in coastal transport sector and also a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of changing factors related on the economic evaluation. We have examined the value and application of Mobile Harbor as a preliminary study, which may contribute to further studies on the Mobile Harbor.