• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.89-117
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• 2005

Currently, the tax - exempted vessel fuel is provided for commercial fishing in order to increase the competitive power of fishery production thorough the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. The National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives should predict the exact amount of fuel consumption for fishing every year to request the fuel from the government. Unfortunately, there is no sophisticated model to predict the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption. In 2003, the consumption of the tax- exempted vessel fuel was only $25.1\%$ of the estimation amount by the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. This causes an inefficiency in the petroleum management. Moreover, we need some data such as the annual average fishing hours, fishing days and fishing behavior to adopt a new policy regarding fishing. Up to now, the data have been obtained by survey with response in the fishery field. In the most case, we have a small number of data because we spend so much time and money consuming for collecting fishing data. As a result, the level of confidence of the data is associated with the sample size and normally low. In order to achieve more accurate data, we need to develope an efficient method for collecting fishing data. In this research, we proposed a new method to predict the tax- exempted vessel fuel consumption more exactly. The prediction results from the proposed method has been compared with the results from the current method. According to the results in this research, the method proposed here produced much better accuracy than the current method. In addition, we also proposed in the paper for collecting fishing data of the annual average fishing hours using the tax - exempted vessel fuel consumption and the gasoline consumption of vessel engine. The fishing data obtained by using the method proposed in this research could be much more efficient and accurate because it doesn't need to estimate from survey sample data.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.269-281
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the frequency of convenience food consumption at convenience stores (CVS) and the CVS usage patterns of middle and high school students as well as to understand students' attitude toward sodium and sugar reduction. Methods: We used an online questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire comprised five distinct categories: general characteristics, CVS usage, frequency of consumption according to convenience food menus at CVS, attitude toward sodium and sugar reduction, and adherence to dietary guidelines. Results: A total of 75 students from Seoul (14 middle school students and 61 high school students) participated in the study. Most respondents visit CVS 3-5 times a week. CVS are predominantly used during weekdays, mostly during lunch, and dinner. The students mostly checked the caloric content and expiration date as food labeling information. The participants were aware of the need to reduce their sugar and sodium intake. Among frequent CVS convenience food consumers, there was an increased consideration of the need to reduce their sugar and sodium consumption, despite their actual selection of foods with high sugar and sodium content. Additionally, they did not check the sugar and sodium levels indicated in food labeling. Further, the dietary action guide from the Ministry of Health and Welfare were poorly followed by most students. Conclusions: There is a need for nutrition education specifically addressing the sugar and sodium content of the convenience foods predominantly consumed by students. Additionally, educating students with frequent convenience food consumption to actively check the sugar and sodium information on food labels could help promote healthier food choices.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

This study aimed to quantify antibiotic consumption and expenditures for acute upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) (J00-J06) in outpatients from 2009 to 2011. We used WHO ATC classification and DDDs in measuring antibiotic consumption. National Health Insurance and Medical Aid claims data were analyzed. Antibiotic consumption has decreased from 4.44 DDD/1,000inhabitants/day in 2009, to 4.43 in 2010 and 3.74 in 2011. The estimated expenditures were 8,206 won/1,000inhabitants/day in 2009, 8,379 in 2010, and 7,004 in 2011. Clinics accounted for 89.8% and 86.0% of antibiotic consumption and expenditures respectively for the acute URIs in 2011. We need to monitor antibiotic consumption consistently, and promote judicious antibiotic use.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.104-116
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• 2017

People tend to maintain and express their individuality in unique ways. Consumer's need for uniqueness is defined as an individual's pursuit that differentiates themselves from others, thereby developing and enhancing their personal identities. This study examined the effect of consumers' need for uniqueness on fashion orientation and consumption values. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey distributed to people visiting the fashion show center during Seoul Fashion Week. The survey questions were designed using the 5-point Likert scale and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value of questions was reliable as .628-.862. The study's results indicate that people with high need for uniqueness are very interested in fashion and think that is important to be well-dressed. In addition, the results suggest that people with high needs for unusual choices who enjoy challenging the prevailing taste of people want to be fashion leaders and are attracted to products that express their personality well. And people with high needs for creative choices and incompliant choices value their own satisfaction and happiness with the products. On the other hand, consumer's needs for incompliant choices have a negative effect on social value. As a result, people with high needs for incompliant choices would break social norms rather than consider social status and reputation when they purchase fashion products. The concluding section of the paper discusses the implications of this research for fashion companies.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.593-611
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore the consumption cultural meaning of Community Currency Movement - a substitute currency institution - through an analysis of consumption behaviors and attitudes of Hanbat-LETS participants, who are recognized as the most active among Korea Community Currency Movements. The analytical method adopted in this study is the participation and observation method, along with the Focus Group Interview. Major findings are as follows: Hanbat-LETS participants experienced the following consumption behaviors and attitudes: economical consumption behavior creating the currency value, sustainable consumption behavior, consumption behavior shared with community, consumption behavior free from the need of competition and ownership, satisfaction from offering one's property, equal status and relationship among members, merry and happy attitude toward life. Community Currency Movement implies the consumption cultural meaning as followings: emergence of alienation through the realization of community society, practice of environment-friendly value, activation of region economy, development of one's ability and means of redemption of unemployment, construction of trustworthy society via trust.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Purpose: The improvement of the social security system can greatly affect residents' future uncertainty, and it is important to study the relationship between public pensions and household consumption. Research design, data and methodology: Using the 2018 China Household Panel Survey (CFPS) data, the instrumental variable method is used to analyze the impact of pension insurance on urban residents' consumption. Results: The results of the study show that there are differences in the impact of three different pension insurance systems on household consumption. The pension insurance for public sector significantly boosts household consumption, and having a pension insurance for public sector can increase household consumption by 7.7%. The pension insurance for enterprise employee will reduce household consumption, but this is only significant for urban households. The pension insurance for urban and rural residents has a negative impact on household consumption. For the 16- to 39-year-old group, having a pension insurance for urban and rural residents will reduce household consumption by 5.7%. At the same time, household income, assets, scale, and education level will positively stimulate household consumption. Conclusions: The study reveals varying impacts among different pension types, highlighting the need for optimizing social security schemes to incentivize higher consumption rates.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mother and teachers need assessment for preschooler consumer education and related variables and to provide a basis for the development of consumer education program. The survey of this research was conducted by means of self-administered questionnaire with 302 mothers of the preschoolers who are 4-5 years old and attend nursery and kindergarten and 221 teachers of nursery and kindergarten in Ulsan. The statistics used for data analysis are frequencies and percentage, mean and standard deviation, on way ANOVA and Scheffee-test, Person's correlation using the SPSS/PC+ program. Some conclusions from the above investigation are as follows: 1. Each level of the need for consumer education on 22 subject area perceived by mothers and teachers of preschoolers was high and relatively high. Thus consumer education program for preschooler must include all subject area. 2. The mother's need for preschooler consumer education differs significantly according to age. The teacher's need for preschooler consumer education differs significantly according to family income. But these variables take a little effect to the need of mother and teacher. So the consumer education program doesn't need to classify by socio-economic characteristics of mother and teacher. 3. The mother's need for preschooler consumer education are positively correlated to consumer knowledge and consumer skill but negatively correlated to consumption oriented attitude. So the consumer education program needs to develop the consumer knowledge and skill and reduce consumption oriented attitude for the preschooler's mother. 4. The teacher's need for preschooler consumer education are positively correlated to the level of consumer role performance. Thus the reeducation program for the teacher needs to develop the consumer role performance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of consumer's ethical consumption consciousness and lifestyle on sustainable fashion. The data was analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and multiple regression. The major results of this study were as follows. First, three factors of sustainable fashion were identified: eco-friendliness, recycling, and safety. Second, three factors of ethical consumption consciousness were identified: social ethics, environmental ethics, and public ethics. Based on these factors, the subjects were categorized into three clusters (high, middle, and low ethical consumption consciousness group). Third, four factors of life style were identified: pursuit of brand, appearance, cautiousness, and information. Based on these four factors, the subjects were categorized into three clusters (brand/appearance, cautiousness/information, and unconcerned group). Fourth, three factors of ethical consumption consciousness significantly influenced eco-friendliness factor of sustainable fashion. Also, the recycling factor of sustainable fashion was influenced by social ethics, environmental ethics, pursuit of brand, and pursuit of information. The safety factor of sustainable fashion was influenced by environmental ethics, public ethics, and pursuit of information. The results of this study suggest that practical and various environmental education need to be provided to consumers, because high environmental ethical consciousness consumers evaluated sustainable fashion positively. Additionally, accurate information on eco-friendliness, recycling, and safety of clothing products would need to be provided by fashion businesses through various routes, because those with information-pursuing lifestyle were found to have deep interests in sustainable fashion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.932-941
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the impacts on adolescents of the application of the education program for ethical consumption related to clothing in terms of their clothing-related ethical consumption consciousness, and in terms of their general ethical consumption knowledge and behaviors. Additionally, the effects of clothing-related ethical consumption consciousness and general ethical consumption knowledge on general ethical consumption behavior were examined. The program for education in ethical consumption related to clothing for adolescents was developed and applied, two surveys for the pre-post test design were conducted with high school female and male students, and a total of 158 responses were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The results of the factor analysis and the reliability test on ethical consumption consciousness for high school students clearly showed factorial structures including Pro-environmentalism, Animal welfare, Social responsibility, and Recycling. 2) Analysis of the differences in the means of ethical consumption consciousness, knowledge, and behaviors of respondents between pre-test and post-test revealed that posttest means of all research variables after application of the education program were higher than pre-test means. 3) The ethical consumption knowledge had important medicating roles in the relationship between ethical consumption consciousness with regard to clothing and general ethical consumption behaviors. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence to support the notion that there is a need for applying an ethical consumption education program to lead adolescents to consume ethically.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate the electric lighting energy consumption carried out by Daysim program. A comparison between the measurement and simulated exterior global horizontal illuminance shows differences about 10% and it is very similar to the measurement. The interior illuminance simulated by Daysim are 18.9% lower than the measurement and simulated lighting energy consumption is 10% lower than the measurement. Corrected annual lighting energy simulation results show that the best case is the combination of occupancy switch-off and dimming system with automatic controlled blinds (E-3). In case of no blinds, it occasionally derives the minimum lighting energy consumption but it causes the glare, so we need to be careful for choosing the control strategy. For the overcast sky, the lighting energy consumption is not changed significantly by control strategy while the lighting energy in the clear sky is changed noticeably. So we must know the right strategy for each case to control the electric lights and blinds.