• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

Using 2004 Household Income & Expenditure Survey, this study investigated difference in consumption pattern among the households with the different number of children, and estimated the monetary cost of rearing children. The findings were as following. First, the major consumption categories for raising children included the expenditures for education, food materials, utility, health, and communication. Second, the potential consumption needs for clothing & foot ware and culture & entertainment were not fully satisfied for the households with children compared to the households without children. Third, in the households with one child, the level of consumption was about two thirds of that in the households without children. It was slightly above half in the households with two children. Lower consumption level of the households with children was mainly due to the burden of the educational expenditure. Forth, the average monthly cost of raising children was estimated by 680 thousands Won for one child, and 104 thousand Won for two children. Lastly, the implications for the fertility policy and the methods for the estimation of the child cost were suggested based on the results.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a CPLD low power algorithm considering the structure. The proposed algorithm is implemented CPLD circuit FC(Feasible Cluster) for generating a problem occurs when the node being split to overcome the area and power consumption can reduce the algorithm. CPLD to configure and limitations of the LE is that the number of OR-terms. FC consists of an OR node is divided into mainly as a way to reduce the power consumption with the highest number of output nodes is divided into a top priority. The highest number of output nodes with the highest number of switching nodes become a cut-point. Division of the node is the number of OR-terms of the number of OR-terms LE is greater than adding the input and output of the inverter converts the AND. Reduce the level, power consumption and area. The proposed algorithm to MCNC logic circuits by applying a synthetic benchmark experimental results of 13% compared to the number of logical blocks decreased. 8% of the power consumption results in a reduced efficiency of the algorithm represented been demonstrated.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2004

This study aimed at categorizing food product consumer's life types, understanding properties of each type, identifying differences in the food consumption pattern, and suggesting a strategical plan to implement market segmentation for the future food products. A demonstrative analysis revealed that consumption tendencies of the sample group in the Busan area could be categorized into four types-popular brand orientation, convenience and practicality orientation, and change and innovation oriention; an analysis of demographical differences in each group demonstrated that variabes of age and family formation showed a significant difference within a significant level. A test of differences in the significance among food consumption types in each group demonstrated that there was no signifcant difference in the number of dining-out, average cost of dining-out per person, dining-out of the week, cost of dinner, and attributes of food service selection. To the contrary, there was a significant difference in the purpose of dining-out, place of lunch, cost of lunch, menu of dinner, and food service information medium among consumption tendencies of each within a significant level.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare effects of psychological factors on market mavenism and fashion leadership in order to determine the differences of two influential groups in the marketplace. The data were collected from 20's-50's consumers through an online survey institute and a total of 857 questionnaires were analyzed. Demographic variables (gender, age, and income level) were entered into the regression model 1 as independent variables, and 6 factors of consumer self-confidence, clothing involvement, status consumption, and price consciousness were entered into the regression model 2. In the regression model 1, gender (female) alone was significant in explaining market mavenism, while the income level had a positive relationship with fashion leadership. In the regression model 2, information acquisition, social outcome, persuasion knowledge among consumer self-confidence, and status consumption were significant predictors of market mavenism. On the other hand, personal outcome, social outcome, persuasion knowledge, clothing involvement, and status consumption had an effect on the fashion leadership. When comparing magnitudes of effects in predicting market mavenism and fashion leadership, social outcome and status consumption showed to have stronger impacts on fashion leadership than on market mavenism. Psychological factors showed to be more powerful in predicting market mavenism or fashion leadership, as compared to demographic variables.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5357-5381
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• 2018

Cloud computing offers a wide range of on-demand resources over the internet. Utility-based resource allocation in cloud data centers significantly increases the number of cloud users. Heavy usage of cloud data center encounters many problems such as sacrificing system performance, increasing operational cost and high-energy consumption. Therefore, the result of the system damages the environment extremely due to heavy carbon (CO2) emission. However, dynamic allocation of energy-efficient resources in cloud data centers overcomes these problems. In this paper, we have proposed Energy and Service Level Agreement (SLA) Aware Resource Allocation Heuristic Algorithms. These algorithms are essential for reducing power consumption and SLA violation without diminishing the performance and Quality-of-Service (QoS) in cloud data centers. Our proposed model is organized as follows: a) SLA violation detection model is used to prevent Virtual Machines (VMs) from overloaded and underloaded host usage; b) for reducing power consumption of VMs, we have introduced Enhanced minPower and maxUtilization (EMPMU) VM migration policy; and c) efficient utilization of cloud resources and VM placement are achieved using SLA-aware Modified Best Fit Decreasing (MBFD) algorithm. We have validated our test results using CloudSim toolkit 3.0.3. Finally, experimental results have shown better resource utilization, reduced energy consumption and SLA violation in heterogeneous dynamic cloud environment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the level of satisfaction of domestic Environment-friendly agricultural products and purchase intent of imported organic products. To accomplish the objective of the study a consumer survey was administered for quantitative analysis regarding consumption patterns. The bivariate probit with sample selection model was employed for empirical analysis on the relationship. The estimation results showed that to increase continuously the consumption, it is necessary to improve the quality satisfaction compared to the price, and that it is also necessary to increase the reliability of the certification system and the awareness that the consumption is helpful for health promotion to increase the quality satisfaction compared to price. In addition, it was concluded that in order to induce the purchase of domestic organic products rather than imported organic products, efforts to improve the safety of domestic products, remove the risk of residual pesticides, and increase the reliability of domestic products compared to imported products are needed. Therefore, to reduce the proportion of purchases of imported organic products and increase the consumption of domestic products, raising awareness that the consumption is conducive to health promotion, enhancing the safety of domestic products, and providing accurate information on the safety of imported products are required.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.222-235
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• 2023

In this research, we examined the shifts in determinants influencing the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases pre- and post-COVID-19. Our analysis utilized filtered 2019-2021 Consumption Behavior Survey data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute Food, excluding any irrational responses. Given the nature of the dependent variable, a multinomial logistic regression model was employed with demographic factors, variables pertaining to food consumption behavior, and variables concerning food consumption awareness as predictors. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an individual's level of education was observed to positively influence the frequency of eco-friendly food purchases. In contrast, income level and fluctuations in food consumption expenditure did not appear to have a discernible impact on the purchasing frequency of such eco-friendly products. Irrespective of the advent of COVID-19, variables such as the frequency of online food purchases, the utilization of early morning delivery services, dining out frequency, and the intake of health-functional foods consistently demonstrated a positive correlation with the propensity to purchase eco-friendly foods. Overall, consumers prioritizing safety, quality, and nutrition over price, taste, and convenience in their procurement decisions for rice, vegetables, meat, and processed foods exhibit an increased inclination toward the acquisition of eco-friendly food products.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

본 논문은 비동기식 프로세서, A8051의 명령어 레벨 소비 전력 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 소비 전력 모델은 명령어 레벨로 프로세서가 소비하는 전력을 예측하지만, 프로그램이 실행되는 동안 비동기식 파이프라인의 동작 특성을 반영한다. 따라서, 제안된 방법은 프로세서 소비 전력 모델의 복잡도와 시뮬레이션 시간의 증가 없이 비동기식 임베디드 프로세서 소비 전력 모델의 정확도를 효과적으로 향상시켰다. 제안된 소비 전력 모델은 A8051의 소비 전력 특성을 반영하여 구현되었고 게이트 레벨의 합성한 결과를 이용한 소비 전력 예측 결과와 비교하여 성능 평가를 수행하였다. 제안된 소비 전력 모델은 게이트 레벨의 소비 전력예측 결과와 비교하여 94%의 정확도를 보였고, 1,600 배 이상 시뮬레이션 시간을 단축하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Estimating the high tuber solids needs a simulation system on potato growth, and its development should be obtained by using agricultural elements which analyze the relationship between crop growth and agricultural factors. An accurate simulation to predict solids level against climatic change employs a calculation of in vivo energy consumption and bias for growth and induction shape in a slight environmental adaptation. So, to calculate in vivo energy consumption, this study took a concept of estimate of the amount of basal metabolism in each tuber. In the validation experiments, the results of measuring solid accumulation of potatoes harvested at dates suggested by simulation agreed with the actual measured values in each regional field during the growth period of years from 2006 till 2010. The mean values of tuber solids level and inter-annual level variation in validation experiments were predicted well by the simulation model. And also, the results of validation experiments represent that concentration of tuber solids were due mainly to the duration of sunshine, above 190 hours per a month, and the cumulative amount of radiation, above 2,200 $MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$, of the effective growth period.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of food neophobia on food choice motives, such as health concern, weight control, ethical concern, and vegetable consumption. A total of 290 questionnaires were completed. Moderated regression analysis was used to measure the moderating effects of food neophobia. Results demonstrated Model 3 to be the best fit, compared to Model 1 and Model 2. In Model 3, the effects of health concern and food neophobia on vegetable consumption were statistically significant (p<0.01). However, the effects of weight control and ethical concern on vegetable consumption were not statistically significant (p>0.05). As expected, the combination of health concern and food neophobia had a significant effect on vegetable consumption (p<0.05). However, weight control and food neophobia, and ethical concern and food neophobia had no significant effects on vegetable consumption (p>0.05). Moreover, health concern related to vegetable consumption was statistically significant at all levels of food neophobia, except, when level of food neophobia was high (p<0.001). In developing and testing moderated regression models, which integrate relationship among food neophobia, health concern, weight control, ethical concern and vegetable consumption in the future, this study may provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationship among vegetable consumption behavior-related variables.