• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-344
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• 2014

Technical support of Window XP ended in March, 8, 2014, and it makes OS(Operating System) users fall in a state of confusion. Sudden decision making of OS upgrade and replacement is not a simple problem. Firms need to change the long term capacity plan in enterprise IS management, but they are pressed for time and cost to complete it. Individuals can not help selecting the second best plan, because the following OSs of Window XP are below expectations in performances, new PC sales as the opportunities of OS upgrade decrease, and the potential risk of OS technical support ending had not announced to OS users at the point of purchase. Microsoft as the OS vendors had not presented precaution or remedy for this confusion. Rather, Microsoft announced that the technical support of the other following OSs of Wndow XP such as Window 7 would ended in two years. This conflict between OS vendor and OS users could not happen in one time, but could recur in recent future. Although studies on the ways of OS user protection policy would be needed to escape from this conflict, few prior studies had conducted this issue. This study had challenge to cautiously investigate in such OS user's reactions as the confirmation with OS user's expectation in the point of purchase, three types of justice perception on the treatment of OS vendor, psychological contract violation, satisfaction and the other betrayal behavioral intention in the case of Window XP technical support ending. By adopting the justice perception on this research, and by empirically validating the impact on OS user's reactions, I could suggest the direction of establishing OS user protection policy of OS vendor. Based on the expectation-confirmation theory, the theory of justice, literatures about psychological contract violation, and studies about consumer betrayal behaviors in the perspective of Herzberg(1968)'s dual factor theory, I developed the research model and hypothesis. Expectation-confirmation theory explain that consumers had expectation on the performance of product in the point of sale, and they could satisfied with their purchase behaviors, when the expectation could have confirmed in the point of consumption. The theory of justice in social exchange argues that treatee could be willing to accept the treatment by treater when the three types of justice as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice could be established in treatment. Literatures about psychological contract violation in human behaviors explains that contracter in a side could have the implied contract (also called 'psychological contract') which the contracter in the other side would sincerely execute the contract, and that they are willing to do vengeance behaviors when their contract had unfairly been broken. When the psychological contract of consumers had been broken, consumers feel distrust with the vendors and are willing to decrease such beneficial attitude and behavior as satisfaction, loyalty and repurchase intention. At the same time, consumers feel betrayal and are willing to increase such retributive attitude and behavior as negative word-of-mouth, complain to the vendors, complain to the third parties for consumer protection. We conducted a scenario survey in order to validate our research model at March, 2013, when is the point of news released firstly and when is the point of one year before the acture Window XP technical support ending. We collected the valid data from 238 voluntary participants who are the OS users but had not yet exposed the news of Window OSs technical support ending schedule. The subject had been allocated into two groups and one of two groups had been exposed this news. The data had been analyzed by the MANOVA and PLS. MANOVA results indicate that the OSs technical support ending could significantly decrease all three types of justice perception. PLS results indicated that it could significantly increase psychological contract violation and that this increased psychological contract violation could significantly reduce the trust and increase the perceived betrayal. Then, it could significantly reduce satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase intention, and it also could significantly increase negative word-of-month intention, complain to the vendor intention, and complain to the third party intention. All hypothesis had been significantly approved. Consequently, OS users feel that the OSs technical support ending is not natural value added service ending, but the violation of the core OS purchase contract, that it could be the posteriori prohibition of OS user's OS usage right, and that it could induce the psychological contract violation of OS users. This study would contributions to introduce the psychological contract violation of the OS users from the OSs technical support ending in IS field, to introduce three types of justice as the antecedents of psychological contract violation, and to empirically validate the impact of psychological contract violation both on the beneficial and retributive behavioral intentions of OS users. For practice, the results of this study could contribute to make more comprehensive OS user protection policy and consumer relationship management practices of OS vendor.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.257-286
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• 2017

This paper estimates the effects of imaginary repeated increases in excise duties on fuel oil consumption and on their income redistribution according to changes in consumer price index, if the inflation indexation system was introduced right after the second Energy Tax Reform ended in July, 2007 in Korea. In fact, nominal excise rates have not been adjusted since 2007. As a result, the real excise rates on fuel oils have been diminished inversely proportional to the consumer price index. Own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel oils such as gasoline and diesel oil are estimated under the general equilibrium framework based on the linear expenditure system. Counterfactual analyses through microsimulation in a static model are adopted to estimate the effects of introducing inflation indexation into the fuel tax in 2007 when the second Energy Tax reform ended on the fuel consumption and income redistribution in 2014. Microsimulations suggest that its introduction could have reduced the consumption of gasoline and diesel oil by 8.8% and 5.4%, respectively, ending up with increased excise revenue by 11.9%. The revenue increase in spite of decreased consumption is mainly because their demands are price inelastic. It could also have increased positive income redistributive effect by 0.01%p (from 0.12% to 0.13%), which is measured in terms of percentage decrease in Gini coefficient. In other words, the fuel excise on the two fuel oils decreased by 0.13% the Gini coefficient of before and after fuel tax income in 2014. This implies that the inflation indexation could have enlarged the income redistributive effect up to 0.13% in 2014, if it is introduced in 2007.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2013

Wood-based products market is new growth engine industry of "Green growth policy". Korean government established a law, sustainable use of wood, for expanding wood and wood-based products market in 2012. This study was conducted to seek sustainable measures for conservation and management of valuable natural resources, offer expanding quality assurance services for wood-based products, and explore measures for expanding wood-based products labeling system. Through discussed domestic and overseas trends and literatures that concern wood-based products labeling system and investigated case studies that were presently operational. For expanding quality assurance services of wood-based products, Korea Forest Service operates a wood-based products labeling system in integrated management through variety awareness and specialist assessment for each product. This process will make enhanced wood-based products labeling system expanded gradually. To evolve into $3^{rd}$ party quality assurance services on maturity age of labeling system, public communication will help improve awareness of producer and consumer. appropriate incentive program will attract voluntary participation from woodbased product industry. Producers consider environmental ethics in their business and consumer should exercise their right to know.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to conduct an empirical survey on consumer perception and consumption behavior in relation to local food and eco-friendly food. The survey was conducted using 266 consumers who have heard about or purchased local foods and eco-friendly foods centering on Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (Version 23.0) to generate descriptive statistical values such as frequency and percentage and implement a Chi-square test. The results showed that consumers purchased local food in large shopping malls, supermarkets, and local food stores, whereas eco-friendly food were usually bought in large shopping malls, supermarkets, and eco-friendly food specialty stores. For local food, consumers bought fruits the most, followed by vegetables, whereas for eco-friendly food, consumers purchased vegetables the most, followed by fruits. The top reason for purchasing local food was its "fresh and high quality," whereas the top reason for buying eco-friendly food was "safety from pesticides and additives." According to results of the Chi-square test, women, unmarried people and younger people turned out to have more experiences in purchasing local foods and eco-friendly foods compared to men, married people and older people, respectively. Although local and eco-friendly food were completely different concepts, results of the study show that consumers were not able to make a clear distinction between the two. Consumer education, therefore, should involve defining the two types of food and spreading awareness on local and organic food to help them made the right choices when buying food.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-97
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• 2016

Ago the passenger who using a wheelchair was denied boarding from the airline. The ACT ON THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST DISABLED PERSONS prohibits discriminatory treatment of persons with disabilities in transportation. But there are situations that limits the movement on persons with reduced mobility. The international community promote to protect disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility against discrimination and to provide them with assistance when travelling by air. According to news report, the governing Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established new global core principles on air transport consumer protection. The principles cover three phases of a customer's experience: before, during and after travel, and will now be considered by ICAO's 191 Member States when they develop or review their applicable national regimes. The international community are recognizing that passengers can benefit from a competitive air transport sector, which offers more choice in fare-service trade-offs and which may encourage carriers to improve their offerings, passengers, including those with disabilities, can also benefit from consumer protection regimes. In accordance with these we will also be provided to regulations that can prevent and protect the air passenger. In this paper analyze the regulations of the international air passenger rights, point out the lack of policy.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-51
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• 2013

The present study aims to examine the assistive technology service operation system[ATSOS] of the support system for independent living[SSIL] which was introduced after the enactment of the Law of Assisting the Independence for Persons with Disabilities[LAIPD] and to discuss its implications in the development of the assistive technology service delivery system[ATSDS] and the related measures for promoting the assistive technology industry in Korea. For this purpose, the literature review and the field study were employed. The research findings showed that the Japanese SSIL, which adopted the user payment system as measures to establish the sustainable ATSOS, arranged the consumer participation structure through substantial cooperation among related government departments. The result of this study indicates the need to secure the consumer's right to choose in a comprehensive utilization process of assistive technology services as for the establishment of the ATSDS in Korea. Furthermore, the arrangements for practical cooperative strategies among related government departments are encouraged.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

Coinciding with the advent of COVID-19, online education is on the rise both domestically and globally, and has become an absolutely necessary and irreplaceable form of education. It is a very curious question what the perception of people about the suddenly growing form of education is, and how it has changed. This study investigated changes in consumers' perception of online education using big data. To this end, we divided the time into four stages: before COVID-19 (November to December 2019), after the triggering of COVID-19 (January to February 2020), right after the online classes started (March to April 2020), after experiencing some online education (May to June 2020). Then we conducted text mining, namely, keyword frequency analysis, network analysis, word cloud analysis, and sentiment analysis were performed. The implications derived as a result of the analysis can help education policy makers and educators working in the field to improve online education quality and establish its future directions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-264
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• 2011

Brand is the major enduring asset of a company and more valuable than the totality of specific products and facilities. Thus brands are powerful assets that must be carefully developed and managed. The company should design and implement marketing activities and marketing communication programs to build and grow the brand value. Strarbucks, Samsung Galaxy, and Nike brands get a price premium and generate strong customer loyalty. A power brand has high brand equity, which is the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. Brand equity is created when brands have strong, favorable and unique brand associations with customers and high level of brand awareness. Therefore marketers in building a strong brand should ensure to develop the right type of customer experiences with products and effective integrated marketing communication(IMC) programs to create the brand equity. Since 2007 Sinhan card acquiring the LG card has developed the new brand identity and carefully managed the advertising campaign and other marketing communication mix tools to create the high brand awareness and differential brand image. In this case study we examine how Sinhan card with the goal of being No.1 brand in the credit card market has developed and implemented the IMC Strategy to build a high level of consumer brand awareness, unique brand image and strong customer relationship.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.395-402
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• 2011

As the consumer market for odor products grows, companies producing healthcare products are beginning to pay more attention to the emotional aspect of an odor product in order to differentiate their products from competitors. In the following research, the affective effect of odor product was investigated while focusing on relaxation and working contexts using orange and pine scents, since these are typical odors in current domestic market. Two empirical studies were carried out. First, in experiment I, 18 subjects, all of whom were university students, spent 20 minutes sitting comfortably on a sofa while electrocardiogram assessments were made. After a five-minute break, in experiment II, the same subjects were provided with both arithmetic and geometric questions and their electroencephalogram readings was recorded from eight channels. All subjects participated in three sessions - no odor, an orange scent, and then a pine scent - with a minimum time interval of 24 hours. The results show that in the context of a pine scent, both the activation ratio of subjects' parasympathetic system and those of the Sensory Motor Rhythm waves and Mid Beta waves were at the highest peak. Therefore, the pine scent helped the subjects to feel more comfortable and more focused at the same time. In other words, it gave them a state of meditated attention. In addition, it was found that the right brain was activated twice the intensity when the subjects worked through the geometric questions, whereas both sides of the brain were activated in equal magnitude during the process of arithmetic tasks. This replicates previous studies of the functional aspect of the right brain - being responsible for spatial and creative thinking.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1986

In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law(1962), It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law (1962). It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed dealers and the merchant middlemen. The goal of marketing is in matching of segments of supply and demand. Every producer seeks to the link the marketing channel firms that will help it accomplish its objective best. This thesis tries to attempt to improve the present Korean Fishery Cooperatives marketing activities. The purpose of the operation of fishery cooperatives is to guarantee the profits of fisherman as well as the interests of general consumers by eliminating the inordinate profits of middlemen and by narrowing other market margins. Fishery cooperatives marketing activity functions forming a self-helf organization for economic protection of producers themselves, and acting as a market reformational institution through its transaction by group. The following are the characteristics of fishery cooperatives marketing. \circled1 Fishery cooperatives is organized with an economic factor and a personnel factor. \circled2 Fishery cooperatives is non-profit organization. \circled3 The members of fishery cooperatives is independent constitution of economy, but they are closely connected with the cooperative. \circled4 Fishery cooperatives is a mutual aid organization. The objective of an efficient marketing strategy may be well described by the common saying provides the right product at the right time, the right place, and the right price. But it is quite true that the Korean Fishermen's Cooperative can be said to owe its development to the successful implementation of the marketing system. The use of the marketing system has resulted in the following marketing strategy. 1. The direct marketing system. \circled1 The cooperation between the fishery cooperatives and the other cooperative through the collection and delivery center. \circled2 The selling between the fishery cooperatives and the large scale retailers through the process industry. 2. The vertical marketing system. \circled1The fishermen's cooperative to be nominated by wholesaler in the terminal market. \circled2 Contracted vertical marketing system. \circled3 Abolition of selling by double auction in the landing and the terminal market. 3. The physical distribution system. \circled1 The need for adoption of cold chain system to connect production directly to consumption. \circled2 The need for more expansion of landing markets and terminal market facilities. Solutions to the problems of the Korean fishery are made possible through effective functioning of cooperative marketing activities of fishery products. The marketing concept of fishermen's cooperative lies in the satisfaction of consumer needs. According to the marketing concept fishermen's cooperative should try to satisfy customer's needs through a coodinated set of activities that allows the organization to achieve its goal. Providing satisfaction to customers is the major trust of the marketing concept. To do this, a business must find out what will satisfy customers. With this information the cooperative sells to the greatest possible number of customers through the most efficient sales and marketing channels. Economic rationality of fishermen's cooperative marketing lies in reduction of marketing cost and elimination of intermediate institutions. Cooperative marketing and direct marketing are both indispensable marketing factors for a new cooperative organization among the manu ways. The cooperation between the fishermen's cooperative and the others cooperative, and vertical marketing system are the most necessary ones. Propulsion of cooperative marketing system could not be successful without the support of the marketing instituion's help. Consequently, successful cooperative marketing ought to lead to the necessity not only for the improvement of marketing organization, but for the application of a new marketing concept in the fishermen's cooperative.