• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.243-259
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• 2001

Local phenomena around bridge piers and abutments are generally considered to be similar, nevertheless the presence of the incoming boundary layer on the side wall in the abutment case generates extra pressure gradients and consequently a more complex vortex pattern. In the literature, experimental data for bridge abutments are relatively scarce; in particular almost no data are available for the time evolution of the scour. In this work we present the results of several long duration (3 days longrightarrow5weeks) clear water scour laboratory tests around bridge abutments; the time evolution of the erosion process is analysed with respect to local and global characteristic values (maxima, volume, hole shape). In particular we analyse the effect of the constriction ratio b/B between the transversal obstacle dimension and the flume width: in many practical situations abutments (or piers) obstruct a significant portion of the channel, so that the average acceleration due to constriction is expected to increase the scour effects of the local acceleration around the obstacle. Measured values for maximum scour are poorly predicted by literature formulas. Scour depths are positively correlated with the constriction ratio, but increases are smaller than expected from literature indications. Experimental results show that models for bridge piers cannot be directly applied to abutments; in particular, time scales for the latter are significantly larger than for piers.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 면 축약 방식을 이용하면서 3D 모델의 체적이 보존되는 메쉬 간략화 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 면 축약은 축약 대상 삼각형의 세 정점을 새로운 정점 하나로 모아 한 번에 4개의 면을 제거함으로써 에지 축약에 비해 빠른 간략화를 수행하는 방식이다. 어떤 방식이든 어느 면 또는 에지부터 축약할 것인가 하는 간략화 우선순위 척도가 매우 중요한데, 본 논문에서는 면 축약에 있어서 최근 제시되었던 한 방법의 문제점을 지적하고 이를 보완한 새로운 가중치 함수를 사용하여 축약 우선순위를 결정하였다. 또한 축약 대상 삼각형들을 대신할 새로운 한 정점을 결정하는데 있어서 체적이 보존되면서 삼각형 세 정점 주변의 곡률 차이 등을 반영할 수 있는 체적 기준점을 결정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 본 논문에서 제시한 방식이 체적을 보존하면서 기존의 다른 방식에 비해 뒤지지 않는 축약 성능을 보여주는 것을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.19.1-19.15
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical constriction (AC) and apical canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: The anatomical features of 313 root canals from 41 maxillary first molars and 57 maxillary second molars of patients with known age and sex were evaluated using micro-CT, with a resolution of 26.7 ㎛. The factors evaluated were the presence or absence of AC, the morphotypes, bucco-lingual dimension, mesio-distal dimension, and the profile (shape) of AC and the apical root canal. The apical root canal dimensions, location of the apical foramen (AF), AC to AF distance, and presence of accessory canals in the apical 5 mm were also assessed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data evaluation. Results: AC was present in all 313 root canals. Patients' age and sex did not significantly impact either AC or the apical canal dimensions. The most common AC morphotype detected was the traditional (single) constriction (52%), followed by the parallel (29%) morphotype. The mean AC dimensions in maxillary first molars were not significantly different from those in maxillary second molars. Sixty percent of AF were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex. Conclusions: The most common morphotype of AC detected was the traditional constriction. Neither patients' age nor sex had a significant impact on the dimensions of the AC or the apical root canal. The majority of AF (60%) were located within 0.5 mm from the anatomic apex.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.597-598
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• 2017

Mitochondria have evolutionarily, functionally and structurally distinct outer- (OMM) and inner-membranes (IMM). Thus, mitochondrial morphology is controlled by independent but coordinated activity of fission and fusion of the OMM and IMM. Constriction and division of the OMM are mediated by endocytosis-like machineries, which include dynamin-related protein 1 with additional cytosolic vesicle scissoring machineries such as actin filament and Dynamin 2. However, structural alteration of the IMM during mitochondrial division has been poorly understood. Recently, we found that the IMM and the inner compartments undergo transient and reversible constriction prior to the OMM division, which we termed CoMIC, ${\underline{C}}onstriction$ ${\underline{o}}f$ ${\underline{M}}itochondrial$ ${\underline{I}}nner$ ${\underline{C}}ompartment$. In this short review, we further discuss the evolutionary perspective and the regulatory mechanism of CoMIC during mitochondrial division.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1971

Lilium Miquelianum Makino is a species which originated in Korea. The Karyotype of the species was examined in materials collected at Mts. Kaya, Kasan, Chejung, and Kaji. The results are as follows: 1) The somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n=24. 2) The karyotype is described as: K=2Am＋2Bkm＋2Csst＋2Dsst＋2Ests＋2Fst＋2Gst＋2Hst＋2Ist＋2Jsst＋2Kst＋2Lst m: metacentric, sm: submetacentric st: subtelocentric, s: secondary constriction 3) A single subcentric supernumerary B-chromosome was found in some bulbs from Mt. Kasan. 4) The shape of the supernumerary B-chromosome was similar to that of the E chromosome which had separated at its secondary constriction and lost its lower chromosome fragment. 5) From three to eight nucleio of varying sizes were found in the telophase or interphase nucleus of root tip cells. The maximum number of eight nucleoli corresponds to the number of chromosomes that have a secondary constriction.

• 물과 미래
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 1985

수리구조물에 의하여 하천단면의 감소로 유발되는 수면의 변화를 수치적으로 해석하였다. 수면변화는 수축화와 등류의 Froude No.에 가장 민감하게 나타났으며, 수면의 변화로부터 구한 배수는 Skogerboe의 실험식과 매우 잘 맞았다. 이는 배수의 크기는 수치해석법으로 예측할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2016

The conventional brick-layer model is not satisfactory either in theory or in practice for the description of dispersive responses of polycrystalline solid electrolytes with current-constriction effects at the grain boundaries. Parallel networks of complex dielectric functions have been shown to successfully describe the AC responses of polycrystalline sodium conductors over a wide temperature and frequency range using only around ten model parameters of well-defined physical significance. The approach can be generally applied to many solid electrolyte systems. The present work illustrates the approach by simulation. Problems of bricklayer model analysis are demonstrated by fitting analysis of the simulated data under experimental conditions.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1996

The hydraulic characteristics in constriction openings are analysed numerically by using Galerkin type finite element model of which the governing equation comprises the depth averaged continuous equation and the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. Fo

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 1975

The constriction thermal resistance due to the floor supports in the Ondol floor heating system was investigated. The resistance has significant influence on the uniformity of floor surface temperature and heat flux through the floor. The heat flux decreased as much as $30\%$ for the geometry of the same channel and support areas.

• 전기의세계
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 1973

The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviors of plasma jet under coaxial magnetic field in paralled with it for controlling optical characteristics and input power of plasma jet without impurity and instability of arc plasma column. Because the discharge characteristics of plasma jet were so distinctively different according to the existence or non-existence of magnetic field, the input power, luminous intensity of plasma jet and thermal efficiency were comparatively studied in respect of such variables as arc current, gap of electrode, quantity of argon flow, magnetic flux density, diameter and length of nozzle, with the use of several materials which were different in diameter and length of nozzel. The results were as follows; 1) The voltage tends to show a drooping characteristic at law current and then rises gradually. The luminous intensity of plasma jet increases exponentially with arc current. 2) Arc voltage increases and luminous intensity tends to decrease gradually as gap of electrode increases. 3) Arc voltage and luminous intensity tends to decrease gradually as gap of electrode increases. 3) Arc voltage and luminous intensity increase in accordance with the quantity of argon flow. 4) At first step, arc voltage increases to maximum value with the growth of flux density and then tends to show a gradual decrease. Luminous intensity decreases with the growth flux density. 5) Arc voltage decreases as the constriction length of nozzle increases, maximum decrease is shown at the constriction length of 20(mm) and it increases beyond that value. The luminous intensity decreases as the constriction length grows. 6) Arc voltage and luminous in tensity increase with the growth of diameters of nozzle. 7) Thermal efficiency has values between 50% and 75%, being influenced by arc current, the quantity of argon flow, flux density, the length of electrode gap and the constriction length of nozzle.