• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권2A호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2009

In this paper, as an alternative to constant modulus algorithm based on MSE, maximization of the probability that equalizer output power is equal to the constant modulus of the transmitted symbols is introduced. The proposed algorithm using the gradient ascent method to the maximum probability criterion has superior convergence and steady-state MSE performance, and the error samples of the proposed algorithm exhibit more concentrated density functions in blind equalization environments. Simulation results indicate that the proposed training has a potential advantage versus MSE training for the constant modulus approach to blind equalization.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권12C호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2011

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) widely used in blind equalization applications minimizes the averaged power of constant modulus error (CME) defined as the difference between an instant output power and a constant modulus. In this paper, a decision feedback version of the linear blind algorithm based on maximization of the zero-error probability for CME is proposed. The Gaussian kernel of the maximum zero-error criterion is analyzed to have the property to cut out excessive CMEs that may be induced from severely distorted channel characteristics. Decision feedback approach to the maximum zero-error criterion for CME is developed based on the characteristic that the Gaussian kernel suppresses the outliers and this prevents error propagation to some extent. Compared to the linear algorithm based on maximum zero-error probability for CME in the simulation of blind equalization environments, the proposed decision feedback version has superior performance enhancement particularly in cases of severe channel distortions.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 오차 확률 밀도와 델타 함수 사이의 유클리드 거리를 최소화하는 기준을 소개하고 이 기준에 근거한 새로운 CMA 형태의 블라인드 등화 알고리듬을 제안하고 있다. 제안한 기준에 나타나는 오차 항 대신에 constant modulus error를 대치하여 블라인드 알고리듬을 완성하였고 이 알고리듬은 블라인드 등화 환경에서 탁월한 수렴성능과 정상상태의 자승평균오차 성능 특성을 보였으며, 오차 신호 값이 0 값에 보다 집중된 밀도함수 형태를 나타냈다. 시뮬레이션 결과로부터, 이 제안된 방식은 멀티 포인트 통신에서 블라인드 등화를 위한 신뢰성 있는 알고리듬으로 사용될 수 있음을 보이고 있다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Blind equalization techniques have been widely used in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose to apply the balanced information potentials to the criterion of minimum Euclidian distance between two PDFs with constant modulus errors for adaptive blind equalizers. One of the two PDFs is constructed with constant modulus error samples and another does with Dirac delta functions. Two information potentials derived from the criterion are balanced in order to have better performance by putting a weighting factor to each information potentials. The proposed blind algorithm has shown in the MSE convergence performance that it can produce enhanced performance by over 3 dB of steady state MSE.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2002

We investigate an alternative blind adaptive multiuser detection scheme based on a non-canonical linearly constrained constant modulus (LCCM) criterion and prove that, under the constrained condition, the non-canonical linearly constrained constant modulus algorithm (LCCMA) can completely remove multiple -access interference. We further demonstrate that the non-canonical LCCM criterion function is strictly convex in the noise-free state, and that under the constrained condition, it is also strictly convex even where small noise is present. We present a simple method for selecting the constant as well as a stochastic gradient algorithm for implementing our scheme. Numerical simulation results verify the scheme's efficiency.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2009

정보이론적 학습 기법에 해당하는 에러 엔트로피 최소화 (MEE) 성능기준과 상호 상관 엔트로피 최대화 (MCC) 성능기준은 그 동안 깊이 있게 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 에러 엔트로피 최소화 성능기준은 정보 포텐셜을 최대화하는 것으로 귀결되고 상호 상관 엔트로피 최대화 성능기준은 시스템의 출력과 원신호의 상호 상관도를 최대화하는 것으로 정의된다. 이 두 성능기준을적정 가중치를 두고 합성한 것이 기준점을 내포한 에러 엔트로피 최소화 기법 (MEEF) 인데 이 또한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 블라인드 채널 등화를 위해 CMA에 쓰이는 상수 모듈러스 에러 (CME)를 도입하여 이 정보이론적 학습기법에 적용하고자 그 가능성과 문제점을 찾고자 연구하였다. 또한 MEEF 성능기준에도 이 CME 적용가능성을 연구하였다. 연구결과로부터 CME를 적용한 MEE (MEE-CME)는 상수 모듈러스 정보를 잃게 되는 결과를 낳았다. 이 결과 MEE-CME나 MEE를 사용하는 MEEF-CME 모두에게서 수렴하지 못하거나 CME를 사용하는 다른 방식과 비교할 때 수렴이 늦게 되는 문제점을 발견하게 되었다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2004

In this paper, a method of designing the efficient batch blind equalization with low complexity using a micro genetic algorithm (GA), is presented. In general, the blind equalization techniques that are focused on the complexity reduction might be carried out with minor effect on the performance. Among the advanced various subjects in the field of GAs, a micro genetic algorithm is employed to identity the unknown channel impulse response in order to reduce the search space effectively. A new cost function with respect to the constant modulus criterion is suggested considering its relation to the Wiener criterion. We provide simulation results to show the superiority of the proposed techniques compared to other existing techniques.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

This paper presents an elastic-plastic solution for the circular tunnel of elastic-strain softening behavior considering the pressure-dependent Young's modulus and the nonlinear dilatancy. The proposed solution is verified by the results of the field measuring and numerical simulation from a practical project, and a published closed-form analysis solution. The influence of each factor is discussed in detail, and the ability of Young's modulus and dilatancy characterizing the mechanical response of surrounding rock is investigated. It is found that, in low levels of support pressure, adopting the constant Young's modulus model will seriously misestimate the surrounding rock deformation. Using the constant dilatancy model will underestimate the surrounding rock deformation. When adopting the constant dilatancy model, as the dilation angle increases, the range of the plastic region increases, and the surrounding rock deformation weakens. When adopting the nonlinear dilatancy, the plastic region range and the surrounding rock deformation are the largest. The surrounding rock deformation using pressure-dependent Young's modulus model is between those resulted from two constant Young's modulus models. The constant α of pressuredependent Young's modulus model is the main factor affecting the tunnel displacement. The influence of α using a constant dilatancy model is much more apparent than that using a nonlinear dilatancy model.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권8A호
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• pp.760-767
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• 2010

For complex channel blind equalization, this study presents the performance and characteristics of two complex blind information theoretic learning algorithms (ITL) which are based on minimization of Euclidian distance (ED) between probability density functions compared to constant modulus algorithm which is based on mean squared error (MSE) criterion. The complex-valued ED algorithm employing constant modulus error and the complex-valued ED algorithm using a self-generated symbol set are analyzed to have the fact that the cost function of the latter forces the output signal to have correct symbol values and compensate amplitude and phase distortion simultaneously without any phase compensation process. Simulation results through MSE convergence and constellation comparison for severely distorted complex channels show significantly enhanced performance of symbol-point concentration with no phase rotation.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

이 논문은 충격성 잡음 환경에 대해 상수 모듈러스 오차(CME)와 가우시안 커널에 근거한 블라인드 등화 알고리듬의 성능 분석을 보이고 있다. CME와 평균 자승 오차(MSE)에 근거한 상수 모듈러스 알고리듬(CMA)는 충격성 잡음 환경에서 수렴에 실패한다. 이런 충격성 잡음에 대한 내항성을 위해 최근에 소개된 코렌트로피 블라인드 등화 알고리듬도 PAM 변조 방식에서는 만족할 만한 결과를 보이지 못한다. 원래 가우시안 잡음 환경을 위해 제안되었던 최대 영-확률 블라인드 알고리듬(MZEP-CME)이 충격성 잡음 환경에서도 탁월한 성능을 보인다는 것이 이 논문의 이론적, 그리고 시뮬레이션을 통한 분석에 의해 입증된다. MZEP-CME 알고리듬의 가우시안 커널은 충격성 잡음에 의해 발생하는 출력 신호 전력과 CME 사이의 큰 차이에 민감하게 반응하지 못하게 하는 강한 영향력을 발휘한다.