• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2007

Measurement uncertainty could play an important role in the assessment of test results in laboratories and industries. We investigated measurement uncertainties possibly included in determination of flubendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, in pork by HPLC. The concentration of flubendazole was 62.69 ng/g in a sample of pork. Uncertainty was estimated in the analytical procedure of flubendazole. A model equation was made for determination of flubendazole in pork. The four uncertainty components such as weight of sample, volume of sample, calibration curve, and recovery were selected to estimate measurement uncertainties. Standard uncertainty was calculated for each component and all the standard uncertainties were combined. The combined standard uncertainty was expanded to a sample population as an expanded uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty was calculated using k value on Student's t-table and effective degrees of freedom from Welch-Satterthwaite formula. The expanded uncertainty was calculated as 3.45 with the combined standard uncertainty, 1.584 6 and the k value, 2.18. The final expression can be ($62.69{\pm}3.45$) ng/g (confidence level 95%, k = 2.18). The uncertainty value might be estimated differently depending on the selection of the uncertainty components. It is difficult to estimate all the uncertainty factors. Therefore, it is better to take several big effecting components instead of many small effecting components.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2006

This paper presents a comparison of experimental value by electrolytic tank experimental apparatus and calculated value by CDEGS program for potential rise of structure. When a test current flowed through structure models, potential rise was measured and analyzed for types of structure using the electrolytic tank experimental apparatus in real time, and was computed by means of CDEGS program. The structure models were designed and fabricated with four types on a scale of one-one hundred sixty. When the experimental data were compared with the theoretical values, the similar profile was shown. Therefore, the confidence of measurement was obtained. Potential rise was the lowest value at electric cage type(structure model B). The distributions of potential rise are dependent on the resistivity and absorption percentage in concrete attached to structure.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2008

Walking shoes for walking and jogging have been used to enjoy lots of leisure time. Functional shoes such as walking shoes have special functions to improve body motility by changing of shoe shapes. The walking shoes could improve the motility by structural transformation of outsole as increase degrees of heel and toe. The study on insoles has not been conducted enough on the contrary of the study of outsole. The purpose of this study is to perform ergonomics analysis whether the Arch Supported insoles have an improving effect of muscle activities or not. Experiments were performed with 6 subjects who are health and haven't experienced any diseases past. EMG(Electromyography) and Foot Pressures were measured repeatedly for 5 seconds at 0 hour, after 1 hour and after 2 hours of walking. Insoles used for experiment are normal insole, insole inserted Arch Support and pad. The electrodes for EMG measurement were set on waist (erector spinae), and thigh (vastus lateralis), calf (gastrocnemius). Evaluations of EMG were analyzed by shift of MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency). Foot Pressure was analyzed by mean pressure of feet and change of walking time. As results, Arch Support insole had larger frequency shift value than that of normal insole. Frequency shift between Arch Support insoles and normal insole showed significant difference on 95% confidence interval. And insole 1 has the highest value of frequency shift. For results of foot pressure, Arch Support insoles show continuous decreasing tendency when comparing with normal insoles by changing of times. Also, insole 1 has the highest decreasing value of foot pressure. Therefore, this study presented that the Arch Support insole can promote muscle activities and improves comfort for a prolonged walking.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2020

Background: Fever is a common cause of pediatric consultation in the emergency department. However, identifying the source of infection in many febrile infants is challenging because of insufficient presentation of signs and symptoms. Meningitis is a critical cause of fever in infants, and its diagnosis is confirmed invasively by lumbar puncture. This study aimed to evaluate potential laboratory markers for meningitis in febrile infants. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed infants aged <3 months who visited the emergency department of our hospital between May 2012 and May 2017 because of fever of unknown etiology. Clinical information and laboratory data were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Results: In total, 145 febrile infants aged <3 months who underwent lumbar punctures were evaluated retrospectively. The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher in the meningitis group than in the non-meningitis group, whereas the mean white blood cell count or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) did not significantly differ between groups. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CRP was 0.779 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.701-0.858). The AUC for the leukocyte count was 0.455 (95% CI, 0.360-0.550) and that for ANC was 0.453 (95% CI, 0.359-0.547). The CRP cut-off value of 10 mg/L was optimal for identifying possible meningitis. Conclusion: CRP has an intrinsic predictive value for meningitis in febrile infants aged <3 months. Despite its invasiveness, a lumbar puncture may be recommended to diagnose meningitis in young, febrile infants with a CRP level >10 mg/L.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2021

Background: Although identifying cases in large administrative databases may aid future research studies, previous reports demonstrated that the use of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code alone for diagnosis leads to disease misclassification. Purpose: We aimed to assess the value of the ICD-10 diagnostic code for identifying potential children with biliary atresia. Methods: Patients aged <18 years assigned the ICD-10 code of biliary atresia (Q44.2) between January 1996 and December 2016 at a quaternary care teaching hospital were identified. We also reviewed patients with other diagnoses of code-defined cirrhosis to identify more potential cases of biliary atresia. A proposed diagnostic algorithm was used to define ICD-10 code accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: We reviewed the medical records of 155 patients with ICD-10 code Q44.2 and 69 patients with other codes for biliary cirrhosis (K74.4, K74.5, K74.6). The accuracy for identifying definite/probable/possible biliary atresia cases was 80%, while the sensitivity was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-93%). Three independent predictors were associated with algorithm-defined definite/probable/possible cases of biliary atresia: ICD-10 code Q44.2 (odds ratio [OR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.09-7.71), history of pale stool (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.18-6.60), and a presumed diagnosis of biliary atresia prior to referral to our hospital (OR, 17.49; 95% CI, 7.01-43.64). A significant interaction was noted between ICD-10 code Q44.2 and a history of pale stool (P<0.05). The area under the curve was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.89). Conclusion: ICD-10 code Q44.2 has an acceptable value for diagnosing biliary atresia. Incorporating clinical data improves the case identification. The use of this proposed diagnostic algorithm to examine data from administrative databases may facilitate appropriate health care allocation and aid future research investigations.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review and meta-analysis to provide overall estimates of the recall and precision of artificial intelligence for detection and segmentation using oral and maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: A literature search was done in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus through October 31, 2022 to identify studies that reported the recall and precision values of artificial intelligence systems using oral and maxillofacial CBCT images for the automatic detection or segmentation of anatomical landmarks or pathological lesions. Recall (sensitivity) indicates the percentage of certain structures that are correctly detected. Precision (positive predictive value) indicates the percentage of accurately identified structures out of all detected structures. The performance values were extracted and pooled, and the estimates were presented with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Results: In total, 12 eligible studies were finally included. The overall pooled recall for artificial intelligence was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.94). In a subgroup analysis, the pooled recall was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94) for detection and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87-0.96) for segmentation. The overall pooled precision for artificial intelligence was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95). A subgroup analysis showed that the pooled precision value was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.77-0.96) for detection and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89-0.97) for segmentation. Conclusion: Excellent performance was found for artificial intelligence using oral and maxillofacial CBCT images.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2024

This study modelled the social network structure characteristics between Innopolis Start-ups located in Daejeon and Innopolis Start-ups' customers scattered across the country as a tendency of regional clustering among homogeneous technologies, and the observed values were included within the 95% confidence interval of the ERGM(Exponential Random Graph Model) analysis model. If both the research institute and the customer company are located in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, the probability of being connected is about 13 times higher than if they are located in other administrative districts, and there is a strong tendency of connection between firms with the same technology with a negative value of assortment and homogeneity (0.1904), especially among the six technology sectors, with a P value of 0.035. There was a negative value (-0.0035) among firms not located in Yuseong-gu, with less clustering tendency. This confirms that Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, where the Daedeok Innopolis is located, is forming the centre of an innovation cluster.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1355-1366
• /
• 2020

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic relevance of FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 234 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent FDG PET-CT between June 2008 and February 2016. The diagnostic performance of FDG PEG-CT was compared to that of contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) and MRI. Independent prognosticators for poor survival were also assessed. Results: The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases was lower than that of MDCT or MRI (p < 0.001), whereas the specificity and positive predictive value for detecting regional lymph nodes metastases was significantly better in FDG PET-CT compared to MDCT and MRI (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of distant metastases detection among three diagnostic imaging techniques. In a multivariate analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUV_max) of the primary tumor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.69) and of the metastatic lesions ≥ 5 (adjusted HR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.96-33.5) were independent contributors to poor overall survival in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. In a subgroup analysis of 187 patients with periductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma, an SUV_max of the primary tumor ≥ 5 was associated with an increased risk of regional lymph node (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% CI, 0.55-4.63) and distant metastases (adjusted OR, 100.57; 95% CI, 3.94-2567.43) at diagnosis as well as with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15). Conclusion: FDG PET-CT showed lower sensitivity for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement than MDCT and MRI. However, the SUV_max of primary tumors and metastatic lesions derived from FDG PET-CT could have significant implications for predicting prognoses in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of learning immersion in clinical simulations on the relationship between nursing student learning motivation and achievement in clinical simulation. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey with 184 nursing students from two universities who participated in clinical simulation between September and December 2022. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using independent an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis to identify the mediating effects of learning immersion on the relationship between nursing student learning motivation and achievement. Results: Among the subvariables of nursing student learning motivation, task value and self-efficacy for learning and performance had a significant effect on learning immersion (respectively, β=.36, p=.001; β=.31, p<.001) and learning achievement (respectively, β=.48, p<.001; β=.38, p<.001). With the input of learning motivation variables, the direct effect of learning immersion on learning achievement was significant (β=.20, p=.003), and the effects of learning motivation and task value and self-efficacy on learning achievement was reduced after controlling for learning immersion, which is a mediating variable (respectively, β=.41, p<.001; β=.32, p<.001). The bootstrapping test to confirm the mediating effect of learning immersion was also significant (task value 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.02~0.20; self-efficacy 95% CI, 0.01~0.12). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that simulation educators should consider learners' motivation and immersion when organizing and operating clinical simulations.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.136-151
• /
• 2003

The summarized analysis result of this research is as follows. First, regarding the difference of preceding variable and dependent variable, statistically considerable difference did not appear between self determination and personal relations in educational background and between groups of self determination in hotel type, and statistically considerable difference appeared among other groups. Second, regression analysis result between empowerment and job satisfaction turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, influence power, role performance ability and self-decision nature. Third, regression analysis result between empowerment and job devotion turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, role performance ability and influence power. Fourth, regression analysis result between empowerment and organization devotion turned out that statistically considerable result is exerted in the order of influence power and personal relations ability. Fifth, it turned out that statistically relative high correlation existed among correlation of empowerment and result variable such as job satisfaction, job devotion and organization devotion. The above-mentioned matters considered, this research proposes following points. This research examines the effect of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of culinary staff in the hotel. the effect of the variable of empowerment on result variable shows that role performance ability, influence power and personal relations ability are important variables. Therefore, to improve the role performance ability of members of kitchen, it is essential for each individual to improve their ability and to have confidence at the time of business performance. So, this research implies that consistent and systematic training is necessary for increasing the ability and confidence. In order to improve influence power, it is necessary for members of an organization to have strong faith that their jobs determine the success of the company, and to increase the sense of self-control by letting them have the right of self determination, so that all members may have strong desire to transact business. This research implies that in order to improve personal relations ability, it is necessary for members of an organization to discover the best method of decision-making and solve problems through members' developing mutual action, and for managers to take personal characteristics into account so that members may have belief and confidence in their job and realize the value of their job. In conclusion, the person in charge of personnel affairs and the manager in charge of kitchen need to realize the importance of empowerment and especially have an much interest in all parts including self determination, influence power and role performance ability and personal relations ability etc.