• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

This study was carried out to provide basic data for efficient park management by analysing visitors' satisfaction factors and estimated regression model through questionnaire survey method at Taeanhaean National Park in Korea. Performance(satisfaction) variables as 'touting', 'illegal merchant', 'noise', 'indiscreet use' and 'collection of natural plants or animals', and Importance variables as 'littering problem', 'water pollution act', 'careless cooking' and 'exorbitant pay' were relatively high score. It was clarified that the 'souvenir & special product', 'lack of use program' 'lack of public facility', 'lack of information facility', and 'lack of commercial facility' were 'concentrate here' ones by the Importance-Performance analysis. 'Facility management', 'Use management' and 'Resource management' factors were found out by Factor Analysis and the 'Facility management' was the biggest factor accounting for 32.6% of all. In the estimated model by Multiple Regression Analysis, 'lack of employee's guidance or kindness', 'lack of convenience facility', 'noise', 'lack of facilities to stay' and 'charge of user fee, parking fee' were the variables to impact visitors' satisfaction and to need concentrated management. These results were unique characteristics of marine national park and then the different management strategy and policy from mountain national park were necessary.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3 s.45
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• pp.183-194
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• 2005

The mineralogical, physicochemical and thermal properties of the Myogi bentonite occurring in Japan were measured. A adsorption properties of U, Th, Ce and Eu ions on the Myogi bentonite were also investigated in different solution concentrations and pH conditions. The Myogi bentonite showed a strong alkaline character (pH 10.4), very high swelling, viscosity property and CEC, and a slow flocculation behavior due to the strong hydrophilic property. By the thermal analysis, the dehydroxylation of crystal water in bulk and clay fractions of the Myogi bentonite occur at $591^{\circ}C$ and $658^{\circ}C$, respectively, The adsorption experiments of ions such as U, Th, Ce and Eu were conducted for 0.2 g bentonites with 20mL solutions of various concentrations and different pH conditions with pH 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. As a result, the Myogi bentonite showed excellent adsorption capacities for Ce, Th and Eu ions, whereas U ion showed very low adsorption capacity. Generally, Ce, Th and Eu ions showed the similar adsorption properties for the different concentrated solutions and pH conditions. These adsorption properties seem to be affected by the formation of various forms of chemical species and precipitation as well as ionic exchange reaction and surface adsorptions on smectite. Some associated zeolite minerals perhaps have some effects on the adsorption of U, Th, Ce and Eu on Myogi bentonite.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2016

Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers were extracted with 80 % aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol (n-BuOH), and water fractions. The repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four flavonoids. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as acacetin (1), apigenin (2), apigenin-7-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyanoside (3), acacetin-7-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-glucopyranoside (4) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2006

The distribution patterns of anchovy eggs and larvae and environmental characteristics such as oceanographic conditions and meteorological factors in the eastern part of Jeju Strait, Korea from June to October 2003 were investigated. During the sampling periods, the anchovy spawned on the coastal area mainly and approximately 85% of total egg abundance occurred in only two months, from July to August, suggesting that the main spawning season of anchovies is considered in summer from July and August in the study area. Relatively high proportions of the anchovy larvae larger than 20 mm TL observed in the eastern part area. These facts suggest that anchovy larvae gradually moved out to the eastern part of study area. Most wind speeds were markedly reduced to below 10 m/s with the exception of a few days and the precipitation was concentrated (37%) from July to August when the anchovy eggs and larvae occurred abundantly. Results of correlation analysis showed that the anchovy egg abundance correlated with the increasing chlorophyll a and copepod biomass. It is considered that the plankton biomass in the sea area would have significant effects on the anchovy spawning. In addition, salinity variations also had significant effects on the abundance of anchovy larvae, with increasing water temperature.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2014

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in macrophages. Methods : Acanthopanacis Cortex(200 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water(2 L) for 4hrs. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 ml using a rotary evaporator and was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, then was freeze-dried. The RAW 264.7 macrophages were subcultured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. Experimental groups were divided into five(control, AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured cytotoxicity. The concentrations of NO were preprocessed by Griess assay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS and experimental groups were divided into five and we measured NO production. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS. Experimental groups were divided into five and we measured $PGE_2$ production. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. experimental groups were divided into four(AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. Viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages did not significantly decrease in 25, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 2. NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 3. $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 4. DPPH radical scavenging capability of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages had the high level in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion : According to the results, Acanthopanacis Cortexx hot aqueous extract has ability to suppress NO, $PGE_2$ production and improve DPPH free radical scavenging activity. So Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.93-101
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• 2005

The formation of slopes is unavoidable under the special circumstance of Korea where $7%$ of the whole area are composed of mountains and civil engineering projects such as road and site developments are increasing with industrial development and horizontal expansions of urban area. Stability of slopes is one of quite important issues under special meteorological characteristics that over two-thirds of annual average rainfall is concentrated in summer season and the localized torrential downpour is getting more frequent recently. As a result of these circumstances, partial slope failures by debris flow of the high water content soils occur frequently in cut soil slopes. In this case of debris flow slope failure, slope declination method is selected fur the stable recovery because it is impossible to recover entirely by existing recovery methods. Seeding or special grass planting methods are followed separately without exception. The method by which entire recover with bigger stability ratio would be possible and grass planting work would be done simultaneously is developed. For debris flow failure slopes, this study secured the safety of slopes by preventing the inflow of rainwater and scour using geosynthetics-reinforced embankment, and created nature-friendly slopes by planting trees on the slopes.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.525-535
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the of ash and minerals contents in different types of soybeans (Baektae, Seoritae, Heuk Tae and Seomoktae) with different cooking methods. Raw, boiled and pan-fried soybean samples were prepared by the Rural Development Administration. Samples were digested by using a microwave and analyzed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS for determining the ash and minerals contents. Ash content in four raw soybeans ranged from 5.07 to 5.59 g/100g. There was no significant difference in the ash contents in raw and pan-fried soybeans (p>0.05). However, the ash content of boiled soybeans was 9 to 14% lower than that of raw soybeans (p<0.05). The minerals contents of Baektae and Seomoktae were high and the major minerals of various soybeans were K, P, Mg, and Ca, which accounted for ash 60.80-65.61%, 20.73-24.26%, 6.90-8.46% and 5.79-8.60%, respectively. The mineral contents of soybeans were significantly different depending on the type of cultivar (p<0.05), but the tendency was not constant. Because the process of soaking and boiling of soybeans made the soluble minerals elute, the ash and mineral contents were reduced. And process of pan-frying of soybeans make Because process of soaking and boiling of soybeans make soluble minerals elute (Ed- this section is very confused and seems to have 2 sentences combined: please check your intended meaning), the ash and mineral contents were reduced. As the soybeans are cooked by pan-frying, the water in the soybeans is evaporated and the mineral content is concentrated or kept constant. These results can serve as the basic data of mineral content during processing and cooking of soybeans.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

To investigate the usability of the bitterns produced during salt manufacture, the characteristics of soybean curds coagulated with bitterns like solar salt bitterns (SSB), dehydrated salt bitterns (DSB), concentrated sea water (CSW) and bitterns produced during the storage of solar salt (BSS) were measured. The Mg contents of all the bitterns were the same, but the Na content of the BSS was 1.0-2.0 times as high as that of the other bitterns. The yield of the soybean curds did not differ with the addition of coagulants, except for the CSW. However, the soybean curds were acquired in large quantities by the DSB and CSW. The mg and Na contents of the soybean curds that were made with the bitterns were higher than those of $MgCl_2$. The heavy metals were below 3 ppm in the curds, especially those produced by the CSW, but Pb was not detected. Among the mechanical characteristics of the soybean curds, their adhesiveness was not affected by the coagulants, but the mechanical hardness of the curds produced by the DSB and CSW was lower. The sensory evaluation showed that the curds that were produced by the bitterns were more highly preferred than those produced by $MgCl_2$. In particular, the soybean curd that was made with the CSW was favored due to its soft texture. The results of this study, particularly the high yield of the curds that showed a soft texture, showed that the bitterns, especially the CSW, could be used safely and economically.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.313-327
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• 2006

This study investigated the geochernical characteristics of Mn scale formed in groundwater wells at the Damyang area. The composition of Mn scale consists mainly of MnO and $SiO_2$. The content of Mn ranges from56.61wt.% to 68.69wt.%, and $SiO_2$ content ranges from 1.56wt.% to 10.45wt.%. The contents of Mo and Ba in Mn scale increased with increased depth; whereas, the content of Zn and Pb decreased with increased depth. Birnessite, quartz and feldspars were identified in Mn scales using x-ray powder diffraction studies. The IR absorption bands for Mn scales show major absorption band due to OH stretching, adsorbed molecular water, and birnessite stretching, respectively. In the SEM and EDS analysis, the Mn scale consists of botryoidal, spherical, spherulite, and empty straw structure. Those structure may be precipitated simply due to oversaturation with concentrated Mn content or may be formed through biogenic precipitation by Lepthothrix discophora. Under microanalysis using EDS on those structure surface of Mn scales, the Mn atomic percent range from 28 to 44, and such elements revealed the presence of Si, K, Na, Ca, Cl, Cu, Zn, and Ba.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2013

A preparation method for gadolinium compound (GdC) nanoparticles coated with silica ($GdC/SiO_2$) is proposed. GdC nanoparticles were prepared with a homogeneous precipitation method at $80^{\circ}C$ using $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M $Gd(NO_3)_3$, 0.5 M urea and $0-3.0{\times}10^{-4}$ M ethylenediarinnetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (ETDA) in water. As a result of preparation at various EDTA concentrations, GdC nanoparticles with a size as small as $40.5{\pm}6.2$ nm, which were colloidally stable, were prepared at an EDTA concentration of $2.0{\times}10^{-4}$ M. Silica-coating of the GdC nanoparticles was performed by a St$\ddot{o}$ber method at $35^{\circ}C$ using $1.0-10.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 11 M $H_2O$ and $1.5{\times}10^{-3}$ M NaOH in ethanol in the presence of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M GdC nanoparticles. Performance of preparation at various TEOS concentrations resulted in production of $GdC/SiO_2$ particles with an average size of $106.1{\pm}11.2$ nm at a TEOS concentration of $5.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M. The gadolinium (Gd) concentration of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M in the as-prepared $GdC/SiO_2$ particle colloid solution was increased up to a Gd concentration of 0.2 M by concentrating with centrifugation. The core-shell structure of $GdC/SiO_2$ particles was undamaged, and the colloid solution was still colloidally stable, even after the concentrating process. The concentrated $GdC/SiO_2$ colloid solution showed images of X-ray and magnetic resonance with contrast as high as commercial Gd complex contrast agents.