• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2018

The YrdC superfamily is a group of proteins that are highly conserved in almost all organisms sequenced so far. YrdC in Escherichia coli was suggested to be involved in ribosome biogenesis, translation termination, cold adaptation, and threonylcarbamoyl adenosine formation in tRNA. In this study, to unambiguously demonstrate that yrdC is essential in E. coli, we constructed two yrdC mutant strains of E. coli and examined their phenotypes. In the temperature-sensitive yrdC mutant strain, cell growth stopped almost immediately under nonpermissive conditions and it appeared to accumulate 16S ribosomal RNA precursors without significant accumulation of 30S ribosomal subunits. We also cloned yeast and human homologs and demonstrated that they complement the E. coli yrdC-deletion strain. By mutational study, we demonstrated that the concave surface in the middle of the YrdC protein plays an important role in E. coli, yeast, and human versions. By comparison of two yrdC-deletion strains, we also unambiguously demonstrated that yrdC is essential for viability in E. coli and that the functions of its yeast and human homologs overlap with that of E. coli YrdC.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.731-742
• /
• 2014

In this study, we developed a new algorithm which can construct model buildings used as a surface boundary in numerical models using GIS with latitudinal and longitudinal information of building vertices. The algorithm established the outer boundary of a building first, by finding segments passing neighboring two vertices of the building and connecting the segments. Then, the algorithm determined the region inside the outer boundary as the building. The new algorithm overcame the limit that the algorithm developed in the previous study had in constructing concave buildings. In addition, the new algorithm successfully constructed a building with complicated shape. To investigate effects of the modification in building shape caused by the building-construction algorithm on flows and pollutant dispersion around buildings, a computational fluid dynamics model was used and three kinds of building type were considered. In the downwind region, patterns in flow and pollutant dispersion were little affected by the modification in building shape caused. However, because of reduction in air space resulted from the building-shape modification, vortex structure was not resolved or smaller vortex was resolved near the buildings. The changes in flow pattern affected dispersion patterns of scalar pollutants emitted around the buildings.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2011

A multi-channel seismic reflection (MCS) survey was conducted in 2009 to explore the deep crustal structure of the Pacific Plate south of Hokkaido. The survey line happened to traverse a 250-km-wide Warm Core Ring (WCR), a current eddy that had been generated by the Kuroshio Extension. We attempted to use these MCS data to delineate the WCR fine structure. The survey line consists of two profiles: one with a shot interval of 200m and the other with a shot interval of 50 m. Records from the denser shot point line show much higher background noise than the records from the sparser shot point line. We identified the origin of this noise as acoustic reverberations between the sea surface, seafloor and subsurface discontinuities, from previous shots. Results showed that a prestack migration technique could enhance the signal buried in this background noise efficiently, if the sound speed information acquired from concurrent temperature measurements is available. The WCR is acoustically an assemblage of concave reflectors dipping inward, with steeper slopes (${\sim}2^{\circ}$) on th ocean side and gentler slopes (${\sim}1^{\circ}$) on the coastal side. Within the WCR, we recognised a 30-km-wide lens-shaped structure with reflectors on the perimeter.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 1990

The distributions of the temperature and salinity in Kamak bay which has two channels and three sea bottom topographic parts were studied by taking the detailed hydrographic data at the ebb and flood during four seasons from May, 1988 to Feb., 1989. The general pattern of the distributions of characteristics which the temperature and salinity has in Kamak bay is basically formed by the topography and sea water movement of the bay. The changes of these distributions by seasons mainly come from the heating and cooling of the sea surface and the increase of the run-off. The bay has three remarkable water masses and the their general characteristics are follows: the inner bay water has a stagnation character influenced by the inland and the concave of the sea bottom in the north west, Yosu harbor water has an estuary character of the low salinity caused by the run-off of Somjin river and Yon Tung brooklet in the north east, and the outer bay water has an out-sea character, as it is located near by the big mouth in the south of the bay. The distributions of those water masses at the ebb and flood show some different features due to the flow patterns, and the daily changes of oceanic conditions at the vicinity of Hangdae-ri are so big that it may influence the habitation and production of the living things in the bay.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 1999

The second harmonic, wavelength is 397nm, of the continuous wave diode laser, whose maximum power is 35mW, was generated in $LiIO_3$ crystals in a ring enhancement cavity. 5mm- and 10mm-long crystals cut $43.21^{\circ}$ for optic axis were used in this experiment. Both surfaces of those were anti-reflection coated for 794nm. In case the crystal was inserted into the cavity, the condition of separation between two concave mirrors for the optimum mode matching was found. The conversion efficiency of second harmonic generation was increased by the resonant enhancement of pumping power in the ring enhancement cavity, and the frequency of diode laser was locked to that of the counter-propagation mode generated from the surface of crystal. When the pumping power was 28 mW, the infrared buildup factor was about 45 without the crystal, and 14 with the crystal due to the transmission loss of crystal. The maximum second harmonic powers of $1.5{\mu}W$ and $6.6{\mu}W$ were obtained, and corresponding conversion efficiencies were $(6.584{\pm}0.56){\times}10^{-3}$%, $2.6{\pm}0.21){\times}10%{-2}$% in 5mm- and 10mm-long $LiIO_3$, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.130-145
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this work is the approaching of properties-flavours theory and the making of morphological standard in Artemisiae herba. Methods : The properties-flavours theory were attempted with bibliographic method and various climate-information. The external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Conclusions : The following is a list the conclusion of the approaching of properties-flavours theory and how to make the standard of morphological standard in artemisiae herba. 1. The significant analysis for the artemisiae herba as the properties-flavours theory, is a follow-up survey of the effect written in the official oriental medicine book 2. The other analytic methods according to the gathering time, processing or storing system or especially nature or growth environment(altitude, temperature,. the mean moisture, and the agronomical survey) by way of the explanation of properties-flavours theory appears so many insufficiency at the many cases. 3. In the case of artemisiae herba., there are 2 cases(Artemisia capillaris $T_{HUNB}$ and A. iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$) in current and recently A. aruwa L. is substituted for artemisiae herba in circulation. 4. The external and internal characteristics according to the shape of original plant or herbal states, entirely correspond to all the official oriental medicine boo 5. According to the place of productiot the difference appeals. (1) A. capillatis $T_{HUNB}$. has leaves like a fine thread, and A. iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$ has big and wide leaves, and shows some reddish color, and A. aruwa L. has narrow leaves, its section lines long vertically. (2) In the internal shapes, as the A. capillatis $T_{HUNB}$. leaves', upper epidermal cell wall shows relatively straight form, its all upper- lower epidemical cell wall has a stoma, and calcium rosette crystal is relatively few. As iwayomogi $K_{ITAMURA}$, all upper- lower epidermal cell wall is wavelike concave, and hypodermics has many stoma and many calcium rosette crystal. (3) In the internal shapes of A. aruwa L. the shape of leaves' epidermal cell is irregular and has so many non-glandular hair nad glandular hair on its surface.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.2
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 1999

On the basis of data obtained from five forest roads collapsed due to a heavy rainfall of 1995 in Chunchon, Kangwon-do, this study was carried out to evaluate and predict the fill slope failure of forest roads with four factors of forest road structure and those of location condition by using Quantification theory(II). The results were summarized as follows ; In the structure factors of forest road, the fill slope failure was mainly occurred in longitudinal gradients less than $2^{\circ}$ or more than $4^{\circ}$, distance of surface-flow longer than 80m, fill slope length greater than 6m, and fill slope gradients steeper than $35^{\circ}$. In the factors of location condition, the failure was mainly occurred in ridge portion of road position, weathered rock and soft rock of constituent material, slope gradients in the range from $35^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$, and concave and convex of longitudinal slope forms. The priority order for factors influencing on fill slope failure was ranked by fill slope length, constituent material, road position, and so on. And the rate of correct discrimination by analysis of fill slope failure was estimated at the high prediction of 86.5%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2012

To clarify some ambiguous diagnostic characters of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch in Korea (Verbenaceae), the external morphology and micromorphology (leaf, anther, pollen, fruit, in particular endocarp surface and structure) of two taxa are studied and described in detail. It is confirmed that the following characteristics (e.g., the stem outline in a cross-section, the bud shape and length, the corolla tube length and the lobe length, the pattern of the anther dehiscence and length, and the endocarp morphology) are useful for distinguishing these two taxa. In particular, following three characteristics are most useful for an identification: (1) the corolla tube length of C. japonica (2.5-4.6 mm) is longer than that of C. dichotoma (0.7-1.0 mm); (2) the anther is dehiscing by an apical pore at the anthesis of C. japonica, while it is opening by a long fissure from the apex to the base in C. dichotoma; and (3) the edge of the endocarp (lateral view) in C. japonica is concave, while in C. dichotoma it is shown to be flat. On the other hand, the teeth state on the leaf margin and the position of inflorescence are not good diagnostic characteristics for identification. Additionally, the keys for all known Callicarpa taxa in Korea are provided.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.383-390
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To correct the upper lip depression after the correction of unilateral cleft lip, autologous grafts such as bone, dermal, fascial grafts and fat injections or alloplastic implants are used. Transplanted bones, dermis and fascia have a tendency to be absorbed and have donor morbidity. Fat injections are absorbed inconsistently and alloplastic implants have problems such as foreign body reactions, protrusions and infections. Authors corrected the upper lip depression using conchal cartilage graft in unilateral cleft lip deformity and the results was analysed with photos. Methods: 26-unilateral cleft lip and 2-microform cleft lip cases, totally 28 cases were performed. Their mean age was 21.89 years. The male and female cases were 12 and 16, respectively. Under anesthesia (general: 18 cases and local: 10 cases), cavum conchae (n=8), cymba conchae (n=16) and whole conchae (n=4) were harvested. Transversely cut the margin of the obtained cartilage, we cut out the most bent portion and put a partial-thickness incision on concave surface in cases of excessive convexity. Then, we performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage via scar revision site in unilateral cleft lip and via the reconstruction site of the cupid bow in microform cleft lip. The augmentation of the upper lip was evaluated with photos. Adapting the baseline connecting between the both cheilions as a horizontal standard line, we measured the highest point among the tangents between the upper lip and nose (point a), the lowest point (point c), the middle point between a and c (point b) and the vertical line from the alare (point d) to the horizontal standard line. To assess the postoperative symmetry, we compared cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A,B,C,D=(a,b,c,d)-ch ${\times}$ 100/(ch-ch) and non-cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A',B',C',D'= (a',b',c',d')-ch ${\times}$ 100 / (ch-ch).h) Results: After the surgery, no complication was found except in one case which double layers graft performed in the cleft lip deformity, the lateral portion was protruded. The upper lip contour index, the difference of A and A' were-0.83%, and thus the mild depression was persisted. Difference of B and B', C and C', D and D' were 0.83%, 1.07%, 0.90%. There were statistically significant difference, and thus the depression of upper lip were improved generally. Conclusion: Authors performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage in unilateral cleft lip deformity and found that the depression of the upper lip was well corrected except the uppermost part when photogrammetrically analyzed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 1981

(1) The flow data of f (stress) and ${\dot{s}$ (strain rate) for Fe and Ti alloys were plotted in the form of f vs. -ln ${\dot{s}$ by using the literature values. (2) The plot showed two distinct patterns A and B; Pattern A is a straight line with a negative slope, and Pattern B is a curve of concave upward. (3) According to Kim and Ree's generalized theory of plastic deformation, pattern A & B belong to Case 1 and 2, respectively; in Case 1, only one kind of flow units acts in the deformation, and in Case 2, two kinds flow units act, and stress is expressed by $f={X_1f_1}+{X_2f_2}$where $f_1\;and\;f_2$ are the stresses acting on the flow units of kind 1 and 2, respectively, and $X_1,\;X_2$ are the fractions of the surface area occupied by the two kinds of flow units; $f_j=(1/{\alpha}_j) sinh^{-1}\;{\beta}_j{{\dot{s}}\;(j=1\;or\;2)$, where $1/{\alpha}_j\;and\;{\beta}_j$ are proportional to the shear modulus and relaxation time, respectively. (4) We found that grain-boundary flow units only act in the deformation of Fe and Ti alloys whereas dislocation flow units do not show any appreciable contribution. (5) The deformations of Fe and Ti alloys belong generally to pattern A (Case 1) and B (Case 2), respectively. (6) By applying the equations, f=$(1/{\alpha}_{g1}) sinh^-1({\beta}_{g1}{\dot{s}}$) and $f=(X_{g1}/{\alpha}_{g1})sinh^{-1}({\beta}_{g1}{\dot{s}})+ (X_{g2}/{\alpha}_{g2})\;shih^{-1}({\beta}_{g2}{\dot{s}})$ to the flow data of Fe and Ti alloys, the parametric values of $x_{gj}/{\alpha}_{gj}\;and\;{\beta}_{gs}(j=1\;or\;2)$ were determined, here the subscript g signifies a grain-boundary flow unit. (7) From the values of ($({\beta}_gj)^{-1}$) at different temperatures, the activation enthalpy ${\Delta}H_{gj}^{\neq}$ of deformation due to flow unit gj was determined, ($({\beta}_gj)^{-1}$) being proportional to , the jumping frequency (the rate constant) of flow unit gj. The ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}$ agreed very well with ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}$ (self-diff) of the element j whose diffusion in the sample is a critical step for the deformation as proposed by Kim-Ree's theory (Refer to Tables 3 and 4). (8) The fact, ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}={\Delta}H_{j}\;^{\neq}$ (self-diff), justifies the Kim-Ree theory and their method for determining activation enthalpies for deformation. (9) A linear relation between ${\beta}^{-1}$ and carbon content [C] in hot-rolled steel was observed, i.e., In ${\beta}^{-1}$ = -50.2 [C] - 40.3. This equation explains very well the experimental facts observed with regard to the deformation of hot-rolled steel..