• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-387
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• 2004

A new finite element model will be presented to analyze the nonlinear behavior of RC beams and slabs strengthened by a patch repair. The numerical approach is based on the p-version degenerate shell element including theory of anisotropic laminated composites, theory of materially and geometrically nonlinear plates. In the nonlinear formulation of this model, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with large deflections and moderate rotations being accounted for in the sense of von Karman hypothesis. The material model is based on hardening rule, crushing condition, plate-end debonding strength model and so on. The Gauss-Lobatto numerical quadrature is applied to calculate the stresses at the nodal points instead of Gauss points. The validity of the proposed p-version nonlinear finite element model is demonstrated through the load-deflection curves, the ultimate loads, and the failure modes of RC beams or slabs bonded with steel plates or FRP plates compared with available result of experiment and other numerical methods.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.383-392
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• 2020

In this paper, AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite photocatalyst is successfully synthesized by microemulsion method and anion in situ substitution method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) are used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composite. Using rhodamine B (RhB) as a simulated pollutant, the photocatalytic activity and stability of the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composite under visible light are evaluated. In the AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite visible light system, RhB is nearly 100 % degraded within 15 minutes. And, after five cycles of operation, the photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite remains at 95 % of the original level, much higher than that of pure Ag₃PO₄ (40 %). In addition, the mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is discussed. The high photocatalytic performance of AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite composites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag₃PO₄, diatomite and AgCl nanoparticles. Free radical trapping experiments are used to show that holes and oxygen are the main active species. This material can quickly react with dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of diatomite to degrade RhB dye to CO₂ and H₂O. Even more remarkably, AgCl/Ag₃PO₄/diatomite can maintain above 95 % photo-degradation activity after five cycles.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of the concentration variation of the silyl hydride (Si-H) functional group in polymethylhydrogen siloxane cross-linker and the vinyl-functional group in silicone prepolymer on the physical properties of the dental polyvinylsiloxane impression materials (PVS). When the SiH/Vinyl ratio was 1.6 (Group $\underline{C6}$ containing ${\underline{C}}ross$-linker $\underline{6}$ parts), the setting rate was too slow even though their tensile strength was the highest within the tested groups. When the SiH/Vinyl ratio was 3.2 (Group C12), the setting rate was too fast to allow appropriate working time even though their mechanical properties were good. The C14 group showed rather lower tensile strength compared to the groups having lower cross-linker contents. Notably, too much incorporation of cross-linker, like C16 group, induced delay of the setting, by which the mechanical and manipulation properties were detrimentally affected.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.356-360
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• 2015

In this paper, the carbon fiber reinforced plastic is processed as the double cantilever beam in order to estimate the fracture behavior of composite and is carried out with the static analysis as the mode I. The specimen sizes are 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm and 40 mm. And the material property is used with carbon. As the analysis result of mode I, the adhesive part is detached latest by the small force at the specimen thickness of 25 mm. The largest force is happened at the specimen thickness of 40 mm. The defection of the adhesive interface is shown slowest at the displacement of 9.75 mm at the specimen thickness of 25 mm. And the defection is shown quickest at the displacement of 7.82 mm at the specimen thickness of 40 mm. This defection is due to the fracture of specimen. The result of this study on the defection of the adhesive interface and the reaction force due to this defection is thought to be contributed to the safe structural design of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2007

Purpose: The authors investigated whether 35 flexible nail-rotating hinge composite reconstructions around knee joint minimize junctional osteolysis of host bone. Material and Method: The reconstructive technique was as follows: 1) en bloc tumor resection, 2) filling of the host bone marrow cavity with multiple Ender nails, 3) assembling the Ender nails and an Endo-Link type total knee component with wire and bone cement. Result: Mean follow-up was 53 months (ranged 30~79). At final follow-up, 29 patients retained a mobile joint. Resection of more than 40% of bone showed a positive relationship with junctional hypertrophy (p=0.028). Eight patients showed nail breakage and eight prostheses were removed due to early or late infection. The cumulative prosthetic survival rate was 33% at 6 year. Average functional score according to the MSTS criteria was 26.8. Conclusion: Mid-term evaluations showed that results were fair. The revision process was straightforward. Junctional hypertrophy observed appears to give some clues as to how to minimize osteolysis at the prosthesis-host junction after modular prosthesis fixation.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

Plastic wastes generated from domestic waste are separated by mixed discharge with foreign substances, and the cost of the separation and screening process increases, so recycling is relatively low. In this study, as a fundamental study for recycling mixed plastic wastes generated from domestic waste into concrete aggregates, changes in concrete properties according to the plastic waste types and the substitution rate were evaluated experimentally. The mixed plastic waste aggregate(MPWA) was found to have a lower density and a higher absorption rate compared to the coarse aggregate with good particle size distribution. On the other hand, the single plastic waste aggregate(SPWA) was composed of particles of uniform size, and both the density and the absorption rate were lower than that of the fin e aggregate. It was found that the MPWA substitution concrete did not cause a material separation phenomenon due to a relatively good particle size distribution even with the largest amount of plastic waste substitution, and the amount of air flow increased little. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the PWA substitution concrete decreased as the amount of substitution of the PWA increased due to the low strength of the PWA, the suppression of the cement hydration reaction due to hydrophobicity, and the low adhesion between the PWA and the cement paste. It was found that the degree of deterioration in compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete substituted with MPWA having good particle size distribution was relatively small.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2016

Nuclear fuel cladding used in a nuclear power plant must possess superior oxidation resistance in the coolant atmosphere of high temperature/high pressure. However, as was the case for the critical LOCA (loss-of-coolant accident) accident that took place in the Fukushima disaster, there is a risk of hydrogen explosion when the nuclear fuel cladding and steam reacts dramatically to cause a rapid high-temperature oxidation accompanied by generation of a huge amount of hydrogen. Hence, an active search is ongoing for an alternative material to be used for manufacturing of nuclear fuel cladding. Studies are currently aimed at improving the safety of this cladding. In particular, ceramic-based nuclear fuel cladding, such as SiC, is receiving much attention due to the excellent radiation resistance, high strength, chemical durability against oxidation and corrosion, and excellent thermal conduction of ceramics. In the present study, cladding with $SiC_f/SiC$ protective films was fabricated using a process that forms a matrix phase by polymer impregnation of polycarbosilane (PCS) after filament-winding the SiC fiber onto an existing Zry-4 cladding tube. It is analyzed the oxidation and microstructure of the metal cladding with $SiC_f/SiC$ composite protective films using a drop tube furnace for thermal shock test.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2020

In this paper, a single lap shear test was performed using a glass fiber reinforced composite material (GFRC). Pencil lead drawn paper sensor (PLDPS) was applied for single lap shear test being performed. Bisphenol-A epoxy and amine hardener were used as adhesives combining with composite materials. To make a difference in adhesive properties, the adhesive was cured under different conditions. PLDPS was made of a 4B pencil on A4 paper. Because graphite in a pencil was an electrically conductive substance, electric resistance (ER) could be measured. A change in ER was observed by a position where a PLDPS was attached to single lap shear specimens. It was confirmed that the change in ER was different depending on two attached positions and was observed by lap shear strain as well. In case the lap shear strain was large, the change in ER of PLDPS was high. This was because the larger the extension of the adhesive part, the larger the degree of bending of the specimen and thus the larger the distance change between two electrodes.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2018

At ruthenium (Ru) catalyst was exposed from the atmosphere, the degree of catalyst activation decreased. The change of catalyst activity with the number of days of exposure to air for the Ru catalyst was confirmed using the surface tension method quantitatively. Mechanical properties and surfactant change after polymerization by DCPD using Ru catalyst for each air exposure day was evaluated. The Ru catalyst mixed with a dilution agent was exposed in the air and color was monitored for each day. Surface tension was measured using Wilhelmy and PTFE and associated with different catalyst activities. Heat was measured in real time during polymerizing DCPD with Ru catalyst. After polymerization, tensile strength was measured for p-DCPD and the change of material property was measured. Interfacial properties were also evaluated via microdroplet pull-out tests between glass fiber and p-DCPD. The surface tension was stable until the 4 days (33 dyne/cm) whereas the surface energy increased at the 10 days (34 dyne/cm), which could be correlated with oxidation of the catalyst. Tensile property and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was also stable until the 4 days (tensile strength: 38 MPa and IFSS: 26 MPa) whereas the mechanical property decrease at 10 days (tensile strength: 15 MPa and IFSS: 3 MPa) dramatically.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2004

The plasma surface modification of natural rubber vulcanizate was carried out using chlorodifluoromethane in a radio-frequency (13.56 MHz) electrodeless bell type plasma reactor. The modification was qualitatively assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The frictional force of the plasma-treated surface was found to decrease with the time of plasma treatment. An increase in the surface polarity, as evidenced by the decrease in contact angle of a sessile drop of water and ethylene glycol on the natural rubber vulcanizate surface, was noted with the plasma modification. In the case of similar plasma treatment of glass surface, only a reduction in the polarity was observed. The use of geometric and harmonic mean methods was found to be useful to evaluate the London dispersive and specific components of surface free energy. Irrespective of the method used for evaluation, an increasing trend in the surface free energy was noted with increasing plasma treatment time. However, the harmonic mean method yielded comparatively higher values of surface free energy than the geometric mean method. The plasma surface modification was found to vary the frictional coefficient by influencing the interfacial, hysteresis and viscous components of friction in opposing dual manners.