• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.278-281
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• 2012

Comparative sequence analyses were conducted on complete mtDNA sequences from four small mammal species in Korea and revealed the presence of 30 well conserved sequences in various regions of the complete mtDNA sequences. The conserved sequences were found in 9 regions in protein coding genes, 10 regions in tRNA genes, 10 in rRNA genes, one region in replication origin and 2 regions in D loop. They could be used to design primers for amplifying complete mtDNA sequences of small mammals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.917-933
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• 2017

In this paper, seven equivalent conditions of complete moment convergence and complete integral convergence for negatively orthant dependent (NOD, in short) sequences are shown under two cases: identical distribution and stochastic domination. The results obtained in the paper improve and generalize the corresponding ones of Liang et al. [10]). In addition, an extension of the Baum-Katz complete convergence theorem: six equivalent conditions of complete convergence is established.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1996

In this paper we define a new fuzzy metric $\tilde{\theta}$ of fuzzy number sequences, and prove that the space of convergent sequences of fuzzy numbers is a fuzzy complete metric space in the fuzzy metric $\tilde{\theta}$.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.1097-1110
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• 2012

The convergence properties of extended negatively dependent sequences under some conditions of uniform integrability are studied. Some sufficient conditions of the weak law of large numbers, the $p$-mean convergence and the complete convergence for extended negatively dependent sequences are obtained, which extend and enrich the known results in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.268-271
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduce the notions of a fuzzy convergence of sequences, fuzzy Cauchy sequence and the related fuzzy completeness on a fuzzy normed linear space. And we investigate some properties relative to fuzzy normed linear spaces. In particular, we prove an equivalent conditions that a fuzzy norm defined on a ordinary normed linear space is fuzzy complete.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2018

The Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV), of the genus Carlavirus (family Betaflexiviridae), was first detected as one of several viruses infecting sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas L.) in Korea. Out of 154 sweet potato samples collected in 2012 that were showing virus-like symptoms, 47 (31%) were infected with SPCFV, along with other viruses. The complete genome sequences of four SPCFV isolates were determined and analyzed using previously reported genome sequences. The complete genomes were found to contain 9,104-9,108 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tail, containing six putative open reading frames (ORFs). Further, the SPCFV Korean isolates were divided into two groups (Group I and Group II) by phylogenetic analysis based on the complete nucleotide sequences; Group I and Group II had low nucleotide sequence identities of about 73%. For the first time, we determined the complete genome sequence for the Group II SPCFV isolates. The amino acid sequence identity in coat proteins (CP) between the two groups was over 90%, whereas the amino acid sequence identity in other proteins was less than 80%. In addition, SPCFV Korean isolates had a low amino acid sequence identity (61% CPs and 47% in the nucleotide-binding protein [NaBp] region) to that of Melon yellowing-associated virus (MYaV), a typical Carlavirus.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2019

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variability of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in GenBank was observed by reinvestigation of mitochondrial cox1 and cytb sequences. The DNA sequences were analyzed in this study, comprising complete DNA sequences of cox1 (n=239) and cytb (n=213) genes. The 10 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of Spirometra species were compared with those of Korea, China and Japan. The sequences were analyzed for nucleotide composition, conserved sites, variable sites, singleton sites and parsimony-informative sites. Phylogenetic analyses was done using neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood on cox1 and cytb sequences of Spirometra species. These polymorphic sites identified 148 (cox1) and 83 (cytb) haplotypes within 239 and 213 isolates from 3 Asian countries. Phylogenetic tree topologies were presented high-level confidence values for the 2 major branches of 2 Spirometra species containing S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens, and S. decipiens sub-clades including all sequences registered as S. erinaceieuropaei in cox1 and cytb genes. These results indicated that mitochondrial haplotypes of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens were found in the 3 Asian countries.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomic RNAs of Soybean mosaic virus strains GS (SMV-G5) and G7H (SMV-G7H) were determined and compared with sequences of other SMV strains. Each viral RNA was determined to be 9588 nucleotides in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contained an open reading frame to encode a polyprotein subsequently processed into up to ten proteins by proteolytic cleavage. Com-parison of the amino acid sequences with those of other SMV strains showed high percentage of amino acid sequence homology with the same genome organization. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences between SMV-G5 and SMV-G7H were greater than 99% identity. When compared with those of other SMV strains in a phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, they formed a distinct virus clade showing over 97％ amino acid identity, but were more distantly related to the other potyvirus (44.1-69.6% identity). Interestingly, SMV G7H strain caused a severe mosaic or necrosis symptom in soybean cultivars including Jinpum-1, Jinpum-2, and Sodam, whereas, no symptom was observed in SMV-G5 inoculation. Complete nucleotide sequences of these strains will give clues for determining symptom determinant(s) in future research.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2016

Echinostoma hortense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is one of the intestinal flukes with medical importance in humans. However, the mitochondrial (mt) genome of this fluke has not been known yet. The present study has determined the complete mt genome sequences of E. hortense and assessed the phylogenetic relationships with other digenean species for which the complete mt genome sequences are available in GenBank using concatenated amino acid sequences inferred from 12 protein-coding genes. The mt genome of E. hortense contained 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region. The length of the mt genome of E. hortense was 14,994 bp, which was somewhat smaller than those of other trematode species. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated nucleotide sequence datasets for all 12 protein-coding genes using maximum parsimony (MP) method showed that E. hortense and Hypoderaeum conoideum gathered together, and they were closer to each other than to Fasciolidae and other echinostomatid trematodes. The availability of the complete mt genome sequences of E. hortense provides important genetic markers for diagnostics, population genetics, and evolutionary studies of digeneans.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 2008

The complete nucleotide sequences of a Korean isolate of Potato virus X(PVX-Kr) has been determined. Full-length cDNA of PVX-Kr has been directly amplified by long template reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) using virus specific 5'-end primer and 3'-end primer, and then constructed in a plasmid vector. Consecutive subclones of a full-length cDNA clone were constructed to identify whole genome sequence of the virus. Total nucleotide sequences of genome of PVX-Kr were 6,435 excluding one adenine at poly A tail, and genome organization was identical with that of typical PVX species. Comparison of whole genome sequence of PVX-Kr with those of European and South American isolates showed 95.4-96.8% and 77.4-77.9%, in nucleotide similarity, respectively. Sequenced PVX-Kr in this study and twelve isolates already reported could be divided into two subgroups in phylogeny based on their complete nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that PVX-Kr was clustered with European and Asian isolates(Taiwan, os, bs, Kr, S, X3, UK3, ROTH1, Tula) in the same subgroup and South American isolates(CP, CP2, CP4, HB) were clustered in the other subgroup.