• 식물병연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) causes severe damage to pumpkin crops grown in open fields and plastic house. Initially, we used ten accessions of pumpkin species; Cucurbita pepo (3), C. maxima (2), C. moschata (2), and C. argyrosperma (3) to study the disease progress in different stages of seedling development. Commercial pumpkin varieties were used as susceptible host for inoculum management and young seedlings were inoculated by dusting powdery mildew spores on the cotyledons, 1-true-leaf and 2-true-leaf seedling stages. Based on initial study, we further evaluated 218 pumpkinaccessions for their resistance to powdery mildew in different seedling stages under plastic house. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and relative AUDPC (rAUDPC) was higher in cotyledonary and 1-true-leaf than 2-true-leaf stage. Seedlings at cotyledons and 1-true-leaf seedling stage displayed more susceptibility to powdery mildew. Based on evaluation of 2-true-leaf stage, IT 110859 and IT 278459 from C. pepo and C. argyrosperma identified as resistant (<0.2). Of the 228 pumpkin accessions, 21 (9.2%) pumpkin accessions consisting of C. pepo (2), C. maxima (5), C. moschata (13), and C. argyrosperma (1) exhibited intermediate resistance (<0.4) to powdery mildew and these accessions are useful to growers for its rational management.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2005

In this study, a commercial electronic nose system was used to detect contamination of Salmonella bacteria. Odors from growth media contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, or Escherichia coli were collected and analyzed to evaluate a possibility of rapid detection of pathogen. Odor chromatograph showed that S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and E. coli had 7,6, and 9 main peaks, respectively. Retention time and intensity of the peaks were distinct for different bacteria species. Principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed to clarify odor differences. Analysis results showed that the odors for uncontaminated growth medium were differently grouped from the odors of contaminated one. The odor from the bacteria growth identified with two principal components, PC 1 and PC2. In PCA figures, odor groups were moved from left to right of PC 1 with elapse of the bacteria growth time. The electronic nose system could detect odors of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, E. coli when their concentration were $1.85\times10^6\;cfu/g,\;2.25\times10^6\;cfu/g,\;and\;1.8\times10^5 cfu/g$, respectively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.430-440
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• 2010

To investigate the catches of jack mackerel fishery, a series of fishing experiments was conducted in the high seas of the southeastern Pacific Ocean ($30^{\circ}S-38^{\circ}S,\;82^{\circ}W-95^{\circ}W$) during the period of 9 August to 18 December, 2003 by commercial fishing vessel and research vessel. The number of 205 tows fishing was carried out in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The total catch was 1,988 ton and CPUE was 2.4 ton/hour. CPUE showed high values in the frontal zone during the survey. Main target species caught from the experimental fishing were the jack mackerel, Trachurus murphyi (98.1%) and chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus (1.9%) as bycatch. Body length of the jack mackerel was different between female and male. The high mean catch per unit effort of jack mackerel was showed when the fishing ground of jack mackerel fishery was over the $110^{\circ}W$ in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. But the fluctuation of the catch per unit effort in the western part of fishing ground was not matched with those year. Reliable physical and oceanographical information will be useful for the efficiency of fishing activity. According to the result of monthly movement of center of fishing ground, the fishing activity of jack mackerel fishery was performed northward in the southeastern Pacific Ocean as time passes.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2002

케로신/액체산소 추진기관을 갖는 초음속 로켓의 플룸 유동장을 9 화학종 14 반응 모델과 연계된 레이놀즈 평균 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 이용하여 해석하였다. 유한속도 화학반응이 플룸 유동장에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 그 결과를 화학적 동결유동 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 계산은 상용 CFD 소프트웨어인 FLUENT 5를 이용하여 수행하였다. 반응 유동 해석 결과는 노즐 내부에서의 화학반응에 따른 연소가스의 온도 증가로 인해 전체적으로 동결유동에 비해 더 높은 온도장을 나타내었다. 플룸에서의 모든 화학반응은 전단류와 배럴 충격파 반사지점 후방의 고온 영역에 국한되어 일어났으며 본 해석의 경우 플룸내에서의 유한속도 화학반응이 유동에 미치는 영향은 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서 이루어진 유한속도 화학반응을 고려한 플룸 해석을 통하여 플룸에서의 주된 화학 반응 및 이들의 반응 메커니즘을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1980

The purpose of the present study is to find the color induced maximum gathering rate and to observed'the trend of the - gathering rate by using two species of commercial fishes: rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminet et Schlegel) and 'grass puffer, Fugu niphobles (Jordan et Snyder). An experimental tank($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H cm$) was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to the two end of tank to fix horizontal light intensity by co~bination c' one light bulb(20W) and four filters (red, blue, yellow, white) and the five regulating filters in order to fix light intensity. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 cm lever in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 em long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 40 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds, and the gathering rates ,were obtain from the average number of fish in each secion. The color induced maximum gathering rate of rock bream appeared to be red, blue yellow and white color orderly.However, that of grass puffer appeared to be blue, white, yellow and red color orderly. Trend of the gathering rate in illumination time showed the remarkable fluctuation in the rock bream and little difference at the two color light sources. However, trend of the gathering rate in illumination time showed the little fluctuation in grass puffer and much difference at the two color light sources.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to develop non-contact thermometer to take easily the body temperature of domestic animals instead of taking rectal temperature. For the studies, 86 cattle, 57 horses, 72 pigs, 43 goats, and 42 dogs were used and body parts as neck, flank, axilla, lateral abdomen, gluteus, inguinal region, or jugular groove were chosen for taking temperature according to different species. Two types of commercial non-contact thermometers were used to take the temperature of certain body part and at the same time the rectal temperature using digital thermo-meter was taken to compare the difference of temperature between rectum and certain body part. The difference of mean temperature in cattle between rectum and axilla and flank were 0.52 and $2.41^{\circ}C$, respectively, using non-contact thermometer I, whereas $3.02^{\circ}C$ between rectum and flank using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in horses between rectum and axilla, gluteus, and jugular groove were 0.52, 1.49, and $0.26^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 2.28 ane $0.92^{\circ}C$ between rectum and gluteus or jugular groove using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in swine between rectum and flank, inguinal region, and neck were 1.23, 0.21, and $0.8^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 1.42, 0.711, and $1.25^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II The difference of mean temperature in goats between rectum and lateral abdomen and inguinal region were 1.02 and $0.12^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 1.96 and $1.01^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II. The difference of mean temperature in dogs between rectum and lateral abdomen, inguinal region, and neck were 3.26, 0.24, and $2.37^{\circ}C$, respectively, using thermometer I, whereas 3.45, 0.56, and $2.61^{\circ}C$ using thermometer II.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2014

Rh doped Ni and Co catalysts, Rh-M/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ (0.2 wt % of Rh; M = Ni or Co, 20 wt %) were synthesized to produce hydrogen via autothermal reforming (ATR) of commercial gasoline at $700^{\circ}C$ under the conditions of a S/C ratio of 2.0, an O/C ratio of 0.84, and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of $20,000h^{-1}$. The Rh-Ni/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (1) exhibited excellent activities, with $H_2$ and ($H_2$+CO) yields of 2.04 and 2.58 mol/mol C, respectively. In addition, this catalyst proved to be highly stable over 100 h without catalyst deactivation, as evidenced by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental analyses. Compared to 1, Rh-Co/$CeO_2$(20 wt %)-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (2) exhibited relatively low stability, and its activity decreased after 57 h. In line with this observation, elemental analyses confirmed that nearly no carbon species were formed at 1 while carbon deposits (10 wt %) were found at 2 following the reaction, which suggests that carbon coking is the main process for catalyst deactivation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2014

Makgeolli, also known as Takju, is a non-filtered traditional Korean alcoholic beverage that contains various floating matter, including yeast cells, which contributes to its high physiological functionality. In the present study, we assessed the levels of ${\beta}$-glucan and glutathione in various yeast strains isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk and selected a ${\beta}$-glucan- and glutathione-rich yeast strain to add value to Makgeolli by enhancing its physiological functionality through increased levels of these compounds. Yeast ${\beta}$-glucan levels ranged from 6.26% to 32.69% (dry basis) and were strongly species-dependent. Dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from Nuruk contained $25.53{\mu}g/mg$ glutathione, $0.70{\mu}g/mg$ oxidized glutathione, and $11.69{\mu}g/g$ and $47.85{\mu}g/g$ spermidine and L-ornithine monohydrochloride, respectively. To produce functional Makgeolli, a ${\beta}$-glucan- and glutathione-rich yeast strain was selected in a screening analysis. Makgeolli fermented with the selected yeast strain contained higher ${\beta}$-glucan and glutathione levels than commercial Makgeolli. Using the selected yeast strain to produce Makgeolli with high ${\beta}$-glucan and glutathione content may enable the production of functional Makgeolli.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2010

설파퀴녹살린과 트리메토프림 합제는 닭콕시듐병의 예방과 치료목적으로 널리 사용하고 있으나, 닭에서의 잔류에 관한 연구보고는 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 음수첨가용 액제로 신규 개발된 설파퀴녹살린 및 트리메토프림 합제 (설파퀴녹살린, 100 g/L; 트리메토프림, 33.4 g/L)를 육계에 음수 리터당 본제 0.75 mL 및 1.5 mL를 3일간 투여한 후 살처분하여 가식부위내 잔류농도를 액체크로마토그래프/질량분석기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 약물 투여 후 7일째에는 모든 가식부위내에서 설파퀴녹살린 및 트리메토프림은 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 신규 음수첨가용 액제인 설파퀴녹살린 및 트리메토프림 합제의 휴약기간은 최소 5일 이상으로 설정되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.654-660
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• 2003

To evaluate the biological diversity of fish pathogenic streptococci, 35 strains isolated from diseased olive flounder (Paralichtys olivaceus), were analyzed using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with the oligonucleotide commercial primer 6 (Amersham Biosciences). Api 20 Strep test, drug resistance and artificial infection were carried out for further characterization of the isolates. RAPD fingerprints showed similar pattern in 25 strains (about $71.4\%$ of 35 isolates) and these strains were designed as RA group 1. Similarities greater than $44\%$ were obtained when the Dice coefficient was applied among the isolates of RA 1. On the other hand, the reference Streptococcus iniae showed a similar RAPD profile to the isolates with similarity levels of $40-93.3\%.$ Rh I was suggested to be the dominant group isolated from olive flounder suffering from streptococcosis. However, the isolates of Rh 1 group were not classified into the same species by the Api 20 Strep identification system. There was no peculiarity in drug resistance patterns of Rh I group isolates against 7 antibacterial agents. However, only 3 of 25 isolates $(0.12\%)$ showed oxytetracycline (OTC) resistance and OTC might be a useful chemotherapeutic agent in controlling the streptococcosis by strains of RA I group in olive flounder. Fish injected intraperitoneally with $10^5$ CFU of an isolate of Rh I and RA III group showed $60\%\;and\;50\%$ accumulative mortality for 20 days, respectively ($20\%$ in control or Rh II). However luther comparative studies about differences in virulence between isolates are needed.