• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1983

Sixty-nine patients with diffuse lung uptake of $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid were evaluated to determine the kinds of associated diseases, the incidence of associated liver scan abnormalities, and prognosis. The results were as follows: 1) Diseases associated with diffuse lung uptake included malignancies in 31 patients, infectious diseases in 19, chronic liver diseases in 14, and others in 5. It appeared that the marked degree of lung uptake was associated with severe diseases. 2) Thirty-one of the 69 patients(45%) had abnormal liver size, 43(62%) had space occupying lesions or nonhomogeneity in liver image, 37(54%) had splenomegaly and 45(65%) had increased splenic uptake. Increased bone marrow uptake was found in 48(70%) and renal uptake in 15(22%). As the degree of lung uptake increased, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) tendency for the incidences of the abnormal liver image and renal uptake to increase. 3) Sixty-two of the 69 patients were followed up for one to 439 days(mean 44 days) after liver scanning. Eleven(18%) were dead, 10(16%) were aggravated, and 13(21%) were improved. Most of improved patients had infectious diseases. It appeared that diffuse lung uptake of $^{99m}Tc-Tn$ colloid was found in the various diseases including malignancies, infections, and chronic liver diseases, and that it was strongly associated with other liver scan abnormalities, but was not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis, particularly when underlying diseases were infections.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1977

To evaluate the diagnostic significance of the blood disappearance rate of $^{198}Au$-colloid and to evaluate the change of hepatic blood flow during position change from supine to erect, we measured the half time of blood disappearance rate of $^{198}Au$-colloid using external counting method in 94 normal persons and in 77 patients with various hepatic diseases. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In normal control, the mean blood disappearance half time of $^{198}Au$-colloid in supine position was $2.7{\pm}0.4$ minutes. There was no significant difference of hepatic blood flow in age and sex. 2. In acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, the mean blood disappearance half times in supine position were $3.0{\pm}0.45,\;3.5{\pm}0.74,\;7.2{\pm}3.6$ minutes respectively. The hepatic blood flow of the patients with chronic hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis were significantly decreased than that of normal control. 3. In the normal control and acute hepatitis, the decreaces of the hepatic blood flow during the position change from supine to erect were 27.7% and 22.6% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

As the interest in environmental pollution resulting from recent industrial development is converging, wastewater treatment problem of dying processing is one of important pending issue. Usually, flow mediation earth and settling pond etc. of processing plant to handle water or wastewater. Mediation is the wastewater that flowed past settling pond than material of heavy particles, water weight colloid particles that big solids are removed but are suspensibility material settlement exclusion impossible. So, we need flocculation and coagulation action to remove materials from this colloid state. For flocculation and coagulation action chemical agents to add back, addition of chemical agents forms floc of could settle size. That is, shorten the sedimentation time and quality of processing water because promoting sedimentation doing to do fines or suspended solids and colloid can materials large size and also, flocculation to annex efficiency of filtration augment. Therefore, I executed this research to prove that improving organic matter and chromaticity of treated water of processing epochally using organic coagulant informed positive ion co-polymerization superior in color wastewater through this research.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.910-914
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• 2007

We present a simple and an inexpensive method for the fabrication of a nano-fluidic filter and a nano-pore micromixer using self-assembly of nano-spheres and surface tension. Colloid-plug was formed by surface tension of liquid in a microchannel to fabricate nanofluidic filter. When colloid is evaporated, nano-spheres in a colloid are orderly stacked by a capillary force. Orderly stacked nano-spheres form 3-D nano-mesh which can be used as a mesh structure of a fluidic filter. We used silica nano-sphere whose diameter is $567{\pm}85nm$, and silicon micro-channel of $50{\mu}m$-diameter. Fabricated nano-fluidic filter in a micro-channel has median pore diameter of 158nm which was in agreement with expected diameter of the nano-pore of $128{\pm}19nm$. A nano-pore micromixer consists of $200\;{\mu}m-wide,\;100\;{\mu}m-deep$ micro-channel and self-assembled nano-spheres. In the nano-pore micromixer, two different fluids had no sooner met together than two fluids begin to mix at wide region. From the experimental study, we completely apply self-assembly of nano-spheres to nano-fluidic devices.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2017

To review recent advances in endoscopic techniques for treating intraventricular lesions via transcortical passage. Articles in PubMed published since 2000 were searched using the keywords 'endoscopy,' 'endoscopic,' and 'neuroendoscopic.' Of these articles, those describing intraventricular lesions were reviewed. Suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) can be treated with ventriculo-cystostomy (VC) or ventriculo-cysto-cisternostomy (VCC). VCC showed better results compared to VC. Procedure type, fenestration size, stent placement, and aqueductal patency may affect SAC prognosis. Colloid cysts can be managed using a transforaminal approach (TA) or a transforaminal-transchoroidal approach (TTA). However, TTA may result in better exposure compared to TA. Intraventricular cysticercosis can be cured with an endoscopic procedure alone, but if pericystic inflammation and/or ependymal reaction are seen, third ventriculostomy may be recommended. Tumor biopsies have yielded successful diagnosis rates of up to 100%, but tumor location, total specimen size, endoscope type, and vigorous coagulation on the tumor surface may affect diagnostic accuracy. An ideal indication for tumor excision is a small tumor with friable consistency and little vascularity. Tumor size, composition, and vascularity may influence a complete resection. SACs and intraventricular cysticercosis can be treated successfully using endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic procedures may represent an alternative to surgical options for colloid cyst removal. Solid tumors can be safely biopsied using endoscopic techniques, but endoscopy for tumor resection still results in considerable challenges.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Usually, flow mediation earth and settling pond etc. of processing plant to handle water or wastewater. Mediation is the wastewater that flowed past settling pond than material of heavy particles, water weight colloid particles that big solids are removed but are suspensibility material settlement exclusion impossible. So, we need flocculation and coagulation action to remove materials from this colloid state. Flocculation and coagulation by addition of chemical agents forms floc settle size. That is, shorten the sedimentation time and quality of processing water because promoting sedimentation doing to do fines or suspended solids and colloid can materials large size and also, flocculation to annex efficiency of filtration augment. Therefore, I executed this research to prove that COD efficiency for wastewater by using inorganic coagulant.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2017

The use of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and naturally occurring silica (Sand) as filtration media in water and waste water treatment systems is very common. While GAC offers the additional functionality of being an "adsorptive" filter for dissolved organics it is also more expensive. In this paper we present an experimental evaluation of the performance of a bed of GAC for colloid removal and compare the same with that from an equivalent bed of Sand. The experiments are performed in an "intermittent" manner over extended time, to "simulate" performance over the life of the filter bed. The experiments were continued till a significant drop in water flow rate through the bed was observed. A novel "deposition" and "detachment" rate based transient mathematical model is developed. It is observed that the data from the experiments can be explained by the above model, for different aqueous phase electrolyte concentrations. The model "parameters", namely the "deposition" and "detachment" rates are evaluated for the 2 filter media studied. The model suggests that the significantly better performance of GAC in colloid filtration is probably due to significantly lower detachment of colloids from the same. While the "deposition" rates are higher for GAC, the "detachment" rates are significantly lower, which makes GAC more effective than sand for colloid removal by over an order of magnitude.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.279-296
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• 2022

The fundamental characteristics of groundwater colloids, such as composition, concentration, size, and stability, were analyzed using granitic groundwater samples taken from the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) site by such analytical methods as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, field emission-transmission electron microscopy, a liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector, and dynamic light scattering technique. The results show that the KURT groundwater colloids are mainly composed of clay minerals, calcite, metal (Fe) oxide, and organic matter. The size and concentration of the groundwater colloids were 10-250 nm and 33-64 ㎍·L^-1, respectively. These values are similar to those from other studies performed in granitic groundwater. The groundwater colloids were found to be moderately stable under the groundwater conditions of the KURT site. Consequently, the groundwater colloids in the fractured granite system of the KURT site can form stable radiocolloids and increase the mobility of radionuclides if they associate with radionuclides released from a radioactive waste repository. The results provide basic data for evaluating the effects of groundwater colloids on radionuclide migration in fractured granite rock, which is necessary for the safety assessment of a high-level radioactive waste repository.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2014

This study sintered $Si_3N_4$ with different amounts of $SiO_2$ nano-colloid. The surface of a mirror-polished specimen was coated with $SiO_2$ nano-colloid, and cracks were healed when the specimen was treated at a temperature of 1273 K for 1 h in air. Wear specimen experiments were conducted after heat treatments for 10 min at 1073, 1273, and 1573 K. The heat-treated surface that was coated with the $SiO_2$ nano-colloid was slightly rougher than the noncoated surface. The oxidation state of the surface according to the heat treatment temperature showed no correlation with the surface roughness. Moreover, the friction coefficient, wear loss, and bending strength were not related to the surface roughness. $Si_3N_4$ exhibited an abrasive wear behavior when SKD11 was used as an opponent material. The friction coefficient was proportional to the wear loss, and the bending strength was inversely proportional to the friction coefficient and wear loss. The friction coefficient and wear loss increased with increasing amounts of the $SiO_2$ nanocolloid. In addition, the friction coefficient was slightly increased by increasing the heat treatment temperature.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1982